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8. Crop-specific Management History of Phosphorus Fertilizer Input (CMH-P) in the Croplands of United States: Reconciliation of Top-down and Bottom-up data Sources.

Author

Cao, Peiyu, Yi, Bo, Bilotto, Franco, Fischer, Carlos Gonzalez, Herrero, Mario, and Lu, Chaoqun

Subjects
PHOSPHATE fertilizers, FARMS, AGRICULTURE, FERTILIZER application, CROP yields
Abstract

Understanding and assessing the spatiotemporal patterns in crop-specific phosphorus (P) fertilizer management is crucial for promoting crop yield and mitigating environmental problems. The existing P fertilizer dataset, derived from sales data, depicts an average application rate on total cropland at the county level but overlooks cross-crop variations. Conversely, the survey-based dataset offers crop-specific application details at the state level yet lacks inter-state variability. By reconciling these two datasets, we developed long-term gridded maps to characterize crop-specific P fertilizer application rates, timing, and methods across the contiguous US at a resolution of 4 km × 4 km from 1850 to 2022. We found that P fertilizer application rate on fertilized area in the US increased from 0.9 g P m-2 yr-1 in 1940 to 1.9 g P m-2 yr-1 in 2022, with substantial variations among crops. However, approximately 40 % of cropland nationwide has remained unfertilized in the recent decade. The hotspots for P fertilizer use have shifted from the southeastern and eastern US to the Midwest and the Great Plains over the past century, reflecting changes in cropland area, crop choices, and P fertilizer use across different crops. Pre-planting (fall and spring) and broadcast application are prevalent among corn, soybean, and cotton in the Midwest and the Southeast, indicating a high P loss risk in these regions. In contrast, wheat and barley in the Great Plains receive the most intensive P fertilizer at planting and via non-broadcast application. The P fertilizer management dataset developed in this study can advance our comprehension in agricultural P budget and facilitate the refinement in P fertilizer best management practices to optimize crop yield and reduce P loss. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10700822 (Cao et al., 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Carbon, cash, cattle and the climate crisis

Author

Bilotto, Franco, Christie-Whitehead, Karen Michelle, Malcolm, Bill, and Harrison, Matthew Tom

Abstract

While society increasingly demands emissions abatement from the livestock sector, farmers are concurrently being forced to adapt to an existential climate crisis. Here, we examine how stacking together multiple systems adaptations impacts on the productivity, profitability and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of livestock production systems under future climates underpinned by more frequent extreme weather events. Without adaptation, we reveal that soil carbon sequestration (SCS) in 2050 declined by 45–133%, heralding dire ramifications for CO2removal aspirations associated with SCS in nationally determined contributions. Across adaptation-mitigation bundles examined, mitigation afforded by SCS from deep-rooted legumes was lowest, followed by mitigation from status quo SCS and woody vegetation, and with the greatest mitigation afforded by adoption of enteric methane inhibitor vaccines. Our results (1) underline a compelling need for innovative, disruptive technologies that dissect the strong, positive coupling between productivity and GHG emissions, (2) enable maintenance or additional sequestration of carbon in vegetation and soils under the hotter and drier conditions expected in future, and (3) illustrate the importance of holistically assessing systems to account for pollution swapping, where mitigation of one type of GHG (e.g., enteric methane) can result in increased emissions of another (e.g., CO2). We conclude that transdisciplinary participatory modelling with stakeholders and appropriate bundling of multiple complementary adaptation-mitigation options can simultaneously benefit production, profit, net emissions and emissions intensity.

Published
2024
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13. Carbon myopia: The urgent need for integrated social, economic and environmental action in the livestock sector

Author

Harrison, Matthew Tom, primary, Cullen, Brendan Richard, additional, Mayberry, Dianne Elizabeth, additional, Cowie, Annette Louise, additional, Bilotto, Franco, additional, Badgery, Warwick Brabazon, additional, Liu, Ke, additional, Davison, Thomas, additional, Christie, Karen Michelle, additional, Muleke, Albert, additional, and Eckard, Richard John, additional

Published
2021
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14. Can seasonal soil N mineralisation trends be leveraged to enhance pasture growth?

Author

Bilotto, Franco, Harrison, Matthew Tom, Migliorati, Massimiliano De Antoni, Christie, Karen M., Rowlings, David W., Grace, Peter R., Smith, Andrew P., Rawnsley, Richard P., Thorburn, Peter J., Eckard, Richard J., Bilotto, Franco, Harrison, Matthew Tom, Migliorati, Massimiliano De Antoni, Christie, Karen M., Rowlings, David W., Grace, Peter R., Smith, Andrew P., Rawnsley, Richard P., Thorburn, Peter J., and Eckard, Richard J.

Abstract

Background: Soil N mineralisation is the process by which organic N is converted into plant-available forms, while soil N immobilisation is the transformation of inorganic soil N into organic matter and microbial biomass, thereafter becoming bio-unavailable to plants. Mechanistic models can be used to explore the contribution of mineralised or immobilised N to pasture growth through simulation of plant, soil and environment interactions driven by management. Purpose: Our objectives were (1) to compare the performance of three agro-ecosystems models (APSIM, DayCent and DairyMod) in simulating soil N, pasture biomass and soil water using the same experimental data in three diverse environments (2), to determine if tactical application of N fertiliser in different seasons could be used to leverage seasonal trends in N mineralisation to influence pasture growth and (3), to explore the sensitivity of N mineralisation to changes in N fertilisation, cutting frequency and irrigation rate. Key results: Despite considerable variation in model sophistication, no model consistently outperformed the other models with respect to simulation of soil N, shoot biomass or soil water. Differences in the accuracy of simulated soil NH4 and NO3 were greater between sites than between models and overall, all models simulated cumulative N2O well. While tactical N application had immediate effects on NO3, NH4, N mineralisation and pasture growth, no long-term relationship between mineralisation and pasture growth could be discerned. It was also shown that N mineralisation of DayCent was more sensitive to N fertiliser and cutting frequency compared with the other models. Major conclusions: Our results suggest that while superfluous N fertilisation generally stimulates immobilisation and a pulse of N2O emissions, subsequent effects through N mineralisation/immobilisation effects on pasture growth are variable. We suggest that

Published
2021

18. Effect of integrated manure management in a feedlot system : modelling of animal production and yield of greenhouse gases

Author

Kazlauskas Kong, Leyli Giselle, Bilotto, Franco, Fernandez Rosso, Catalina, Ferrati, Rosana, and Machado, Claudio F.

Subjects
ESTIERCOL, GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO, BOVINOS, GESTION, PLANIFICACION DE LA EXPLOTACION, FEEDLOT
Abstract

Fil: Kazlauskas Kong, Leyli Giselle. Beca EVC-CIN. Fil: Bilotto, Franco. Universidad de Tandil. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Fernandez Rosso, Catalina. Universidad de Tandil. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Ferrati, Rosana. Instituto Multidisciplinario sobre Ecosistemas y Desarrollo Sustentable (UNCPBA- CIC). Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fil: Machado, Claudio F. Universidad de Tandil. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN). Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. El stock de ganado bovino en la Argentina es de 54,5 millones de cabezas, con una participación creciente de los sistemas “feedlot”. El objetivo de este trabajo es cuantificar las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero de un sistema “feedlot” mediante el desarrollo de un modelo dinámico productivo que permite analizar el efecto del barro sobre el consumo y la ganancia de peso vivo (GPV) en diferentes condiciones climáticas, las posibles instancias de mitigación a partir del manejo del estiércol, incluyendo su aplicación como fertilizante natural, y la incidencia de las emisiones provenientes de la producción del alimento en el cálculo de emisiones totales.\nSe consideró un “feedlot” base de 2500 animales con dos ciclos consecutivos. La intensidad de emisión del “feedlot” fue de 3,6 kg CO2.Eq. kg-1 producido, proveniente por el 42,7% del alimento, 30,3% de la fermentación entérica, 22,5% del estiércol y 4.5% del mantenimiento del mismo. El efecto barro en condiciones de humedad media y alta aumentó en 0,8 y 5,4% las emisiones de GEI respecto de la condición moderada cuando se realizó limpieza del corral luego de finalizado el ciclo. En condiciones de humedad media y considerando dos ciclos sin limpieza, el consumo total de alimento aumentó 12,5% y las emisiones totales un 14%. La aplicación directa o luego del apilado o del compostaje del estiércol como fertilizante natural de N ahorra un 42 y 27% respectivamente las emisiones respecto de la aplicación de urea sintética. tbls., grafs.

Published
2020

22. MODELACIÓN PRODUCTIVA, ECONÓMICA Y DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO DE SISTEMAS TÍPICOS DE CRÍA BOVINA DE LA PAMPA DEPRIMIDA

Author

Faverin, Claudia, Bilotto, Franco, Fernández Rosso, Catalina, and Machado, Claudio

Subjects
carbon footprint, mitigation, huella de carbono, beef cattle, mitigación, technology, tecnología, bovino carne
Abstract

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio de simulación fue evaluar la respuesta productiva, económica y de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en establecimientos típicos de la Pampa Deprimida de Argentina. Se utilizó información regional y un modelo de simulación dinámico, bioeconómico y ambiental (SIMUGAN) para evaluar dos tipos de sistemas contrastantes de los 4 identificados en un trabajo previo. Estos dos sistemas se tomaron como línea de base: Productor tradicional de escala media (Tr) y Empresa local tecnificada de escala grande (Te). Ambos escenarios fueron intensificados con la inclusión de festuca bajo buenas prácticas de manejo (5 o 10% de la superficie del establecimiento) y el adelanto de la edad al primer servicio de las vaquillonas (27 a 15 meses) para los planteos con 10% de la superficie con festuca. Las intensidades de emisión (IE) de GEI por unidad de producto) variaron según el nivel de intensificación de forma similar para Tr y Te (entre 16,4 y 19,9 kg CO2 eq kg PV-1). El efecto aditivo de la incorporación de festuca a un 10% de la superficie con el adelanto de la edad al primer servicio de las vaquillonas permitió reducir la IE hasta un 17%. Los resultados sugieren que es posible adoptar tecnologías disponibles para alcanzar los objetivos de reducción de IE. Aunque se requiere información experimental complementaria, este estudio provee información de utilidad referida a GEI para los tomadores de decisiones, políticos y productores, de modo de favorecer mayor promoción/adopción de tecnologías al tener en cuenta su respuesta económica. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive economic performance and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in typical cow-calf farms in the Flooding Pampas, Argentina. A dynamic, bio-economic and environmental "whole-farm" model (SIMUGAN) and regional data were used to evaluate two contrasting scenarios obtained from the 4 systems identified in a previous study. Two scenarios were taken as baseline: medium-scale traditional farmer (Tr) and large-scale local technified enterprise (Te). Both scenarios were intensified with the inclusion of two levels of fescue pasture under good management practices (5 or 10% of the farm area), and the anticipation of the first service of heifers (from 27 to 15 months age) for the scenarios with 10% of fescue pasture. The GHG intensity emissions (IE) varied accordingly to the intensification level in a similar trend for Tr and Te scenarios (between 16.4 and 19.9 kg CO2 eq kg LW-1). The additive effect for the 10% of fescue pasture incorporation combined with early mating of heifers reduced IE up to 17%. Results suggest that it is feasible to reduce IE by the adoption of available technologies. Although further experimental research is required, this study provides useful information about GHG for policy makers and farmers in order to promote a higher promotion/adoption of technologies based on their economic response.

Published
2019

23. An innovation path in Argentinean cow–calf operations: Insights from participatory farm system modelling.

Author

Fernández Rosso, Catalina, Bilotto, Franco, Lauric, Andrea, De Leo, Gerónimo A., Torres Carbonell, Carlos, Arroqui, Mauricio A., Sørensen, Claus G., and Machado, Claudio F.

Subjects
AGRICULTURAL economics, CATTLE, LABOR productivity, AGRICULTURE, GREENHOUSE gases, QUANTITATIVE research, CLIMATOLOGY, QUALITATIVE research, SEASONS, TECHNOLOGY, DIFFUSION of innovations, ADULT education workshops, ANIMALS, AGRICULTURAL laborers
Abstract

The information of how the high climatic variability in the south‐west Buenos Aires Province (SWBS) region, Argentina, impacts on existing cow–calf operations is needed. This research uses a combination of quantitative (modelling) and qualitative (workshops) methodologies. The objective was to assess, under interannual climate variability, the productive and economic performance and greenhouse gas emissions and the marginal value of additional feed of four cow–calf systems arranged as a potential farm innovation path in the SWBS, Argentina. Modelling results showed that along this technological path where forage crops are decreased, perennial pastures are increased and anticipated weaning is included, productive and economic outcomes increased and the emission intensity decreased. How extra feeds may be used to cope with seasonal and interannual feeding was also identified. Moreover, barriers to adopt the suggested farm innovation path were identified by farmers, consultants and extensionists and strategies and their implication discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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24. Productive, economic modeling and methane emission in cow-calf systems of Bahía Blanca and Coronel Rosales

Author

Fernandez Rosso, Catalina, Lauric, Miriam Andrea, De Leo, Geronimo, Bilotto, Franco, Torres Carbonell, Carlos Alberto, and Machado, Claudio F.

Subjects
Simulation Models, PASTURA, PASTURE, BOVINO CARNE, Methane Emission, Production, Producción, Metano, Economic Analysis, TECNOLOGÍA, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, purl.org/becyt/ford/4.2 [https], Coronel Rosales, Buenos Aires, Ganado Bovino, Emisiones de Metano, Análisis Económico, Cattle, BEEF CATTLE, TECHNOLOGY, Ganado de Carne, Methane, Modelos de Simulación, purl.org/becyt/ford/4 [https]
Abstract

El objetivo de este estudio de simulación fue evaluar la respuesta productiva, económica, emisión de metano y el valor marginal del agregado de alimento extra (VMA) en diferentes sistemas la cría vacuna de Bahía Blanca y Coronel Rosales. Se utilizó información regional y un modelo de simulación dinámico bioeconómico y ambiental (SIMUGAN) para evaluar cuatro planteos ganaderos basados en la incorporación tecnológica de pasturas perennes y prácticas de manejo como el tipo de destete: Tradicional (Trad), Transicional 1 (Trans1), Transicional 2 (Trans2) y Tecnificado (Tecn). El aumento en productividad se asoció positivamente con el margen bruto [MB($/ha)=-1488,6+30,2 x producción de carne kg/ha/año, R2 0,99] y con menor intensidad de emisión de metano [IMC(kgCH4 CO2 -e/kg peso vivo producido)=20,4-0,1x producción de carne, R2 0,98]. El VMA ($/KgMS/ha), en calidad de indicador sistémico de oportunidades de suplementación estratégica, fueron mayores en los planteos Trad y Trans1 que en Trans2 y Tecn. En líneas generales, los distintos planteos simulados presentaron un mayor VMA durante las estaciones de invierno y primavera por sobre la distribución anual de alimento extra. El presente análisis integral permitió identificar y cuantificar oportunidades de mejora en la productividad de estos sistemas incorporando pasturas permanentes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive, economic, methane emissions performance and the marginal value of additional feed (MVF) for the different cow-calf systems from Bahía Blanca and Coronel Rosales. A dynamic "whole-farm" model (SIMUGAN) and regional data was used to evaluate four cow-calf system scenarios based on changes in pasture area and management policies as the weaning date: Traditional (Trad), Transitional 1 (Trans1), Transitional 2 (Trans2) and High Technology (HTech). The increase in productivity was positively associated with gross margin [GM($/ha)=-1488.6+30.2 × beef production, R2 0.99] and negatively associated with methane emission intensity [IMC(kgCH4CO2-e/kg live weight produced)=20.4-0.1 × production, R2 0.98]. The MVF ($/KgMS/ha) is a systemic indicator for strategic supplementation opportunities, and Trad and Trans1 achieved higher values than Trans2 and Tecn. Overall, the scenarios showed higher VMA when during winter and spring seasons, followed by the annual feeding. This global assessment showed positive opportunities for improving system productivity based on perennial pastures. Fil: Fernández Rosso, Catalina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina Fil: Lauric, Miriam Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extension Rural Bahia Blanca.; Argentina Fil: De Leo, Geronimo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extension Rural Bahia Blanca.; Argentina Fil: Bilotto, Franco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina Fil: Torres Carbonell, Carlos Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires Sur. Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Bordenave. Agencia de Extension Rural Bahia Blanca.; Argentina Fil: Machado, Claudio. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentina

Published
2018

27. EFECTO DE LA GESTIÓN INTEGRAL DEL ESTIÉRCOL EN UN SISTEMA FEEDLOT: MODELACIÓN PRODUCTIVA Y DE GASES DE EFECTO INVERNADERO.

Author

Kong, Leyli Giselle Kazlauskas, Bilotto, Franco, Rosso, Catalina Fernandez, Ferrati, Rosana, and Machado, Claudio F.

Subjects
BEEF cattle, MANURES, SOIL management, MUD, GREENHOUSE gas mitigation, CARBON dioxide, UREA as fertilizer
Abstract

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2020

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