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Introduction: Skin is the organ of the body that is exposed mostly to the microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses are usually responsible for the infection of the skin. Due to lack of penetration through the stratum corneum of conventional systems used in infectious diseases of the skin leads to a decrease in bioavailability. For this reason, nanoscale drug delivery systems that could be used in infectious diseases of the skin are currently being investigated. Areas covered: In this review, innovative studies conducted over the years are presented. New topical formulations such as nanoparticles, microemulsions, liposomes, nanofibers and micelles etc are widely used and topic of research for many researchers. Conclusion: Studies have shown that the smaller size and control of these delivery systems provide more effective treatment by increasing drug penetration into the skin. It has been found that drug delivery systems provide a better antimicrobial effect, especially in resistant infections caused by MRSA. Keywords: drug delivery systems, modified release dosage forms, skin infectious diseases, topical. Peer Review History: Received: 17 July 2022; Revised: 16 August; Accepted: 4 September, Available online: 15 September 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, rola@aauj.edu UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr Similar Articles: POTENTIAL OF SNAKEHEAD FISH (OPHIOCEPHALUS STRIATUS) IN ACCELERATING WOUND HEALING DEVELOPMENT AND ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL ETORICOXIB EMULGEL BY CARRAGEENAN INDUCED PAW OEDEMA METHOD

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the change in antimicrobial efficacy related to the presence of the organic load of four different antiseptic solutions that are frequently used in hospitals.Solutions of hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine digluconate, and ethyl alcohol were prepared, tested in terms of antimicrobial efficacy changes in the presence of organic substances, and evaluated according to EN 13727 and EN 13624 standards.Among the investigated solutions ethanol 70% solution showed the best results by providing a 5-log reduction on all test organisms without affecting by the type and concentration of organic substances. Solutions of hydrogen peroxide 3%, povidone-iodine 7.5%, and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.2% performed lower antimicrobial efficacy depending on the concentration of organic load.It is concluded that the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptic solutions is significantly affected by the organic substances and thus the proper use of antiseptics has become important to achieve successful disinfection and prevention of antibacterial resistance.

The detection and assessment of potency of antibiotics are crucial for the pharmaceutics. The valid methods for microbiological assays in pharmacopoeias are mainly based on statistical comparison of the data obtained by measuring the cidal activity resulting from the treatment of the antibiotic active ingredient in the composition of the pharmaceutics with the target microorganism. However, it was seen that there is no validated microbiological method for some active ingredients. Due to microbiological assays are indispensable methods for determining the potency of some active ingredient groups, the calculation of the potency is performed logarithmically. In either turbidimetric or chromatographic methods, the statistical evaluation of the sample is compared with the standard reference material. Analysis data obtained by chromatographic and chemical methods are linear peak areas and spectrophotometer readings. In microbiological methods, the data obtained from the analyzes performed to determine the potency of antibiotics are the inhibition zone diameters or turbidimetric turbidity data. In this study, above-mentioned microbiological assays are compared in the context of the main pharmacopoeias EP, USP, CP, IP and BP, and evaluated in terms of the chromatographic method and classical microbiological method. It has been observed that chromatographic and chemical methods are not available to determine the potency of some pharmaceutical products containing antibiotics. The examinations made reveal the difficulty of analyzing some active ingredient groups according to chemical and chromatographic methods. For this reason, the importance of method validation studies is increasing in order to analyze active substances that do not have alternative analysis methods with microbiological and chemical methods. In this study, all validated microbiological methods were investigated, and it was aimed to determine alternative methods to chromatographic and chemical methods. It was concluded that the realization of new microbiological methods to be validated by evaluating the methods in all differences would facilitate the study. Peer Review History: Received: 18 May 2021; Revised: 15 June; Accepted: 28 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: AN OVERVIEW ON PHARMACOPOEIAS IN THE WORLD AND MONOGRAPH ELABORATION TECHNIQUES

Cosmetotextiles are textile products that release a cosmetic substance or formulation in the application area for cosmetic purposes. Cosmetic substances or formulations loaded carriers such as micro or nano-sized microcapsules, microsphere, cyclodextrin, liposome, solid lipid nanoparticles, are attached or processed on textile to prepare cosmetotextiles. As a textile material woven fabric, knitted fabric and non-woven fabrics are used for cosmetotextiles, and within this scope, relevant cosmetic and textile standards and regulations are taken into account in the performance evaluation of products, especially for effectiveness and safety. Important standards for cosmetotextiles include PD CEN/TR 15917:2009, ISO 3175-1, ISO 3758, ISO 6330 and ISO 22716. PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 includes the tests for cosmetic claim substation such as skin moisturizing, body firming, assessment of outer appearance of cellulite etc. The PD CEN/TR 15917:2009 standard specifies the general properties, claimed effects, safety assessment and labeling of slimming, moisturizing and regenerating preparations that fall into the cosmetotextile class. Peer Review History: Received: 13 May 2021; Revised: 19 June; Accepted: 29 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Mohamed Salama, Modern University for Technology & Information, Egypt, salama47@yahoo.com

In recent years, developments in the field of cosmetic ingredients especially use of natural sources and carriers systems and the manufacturing methods resulted as an improvement in the effect and stability of cosmetics, and thus the performance and component-based multi-functionalities of cosmetic products. Those have partially contributed to the condition-dependent functionality, developments in the field of marketing, monitoring of expectations and their reflection on marketing and the creation of new ideas in the field of claim-driven multi-functionality. Multi-functionality in cosmetic products can be evaluated in four groups. These are performance-based multi-functionality, component-based multi-functionality, conditional multi-functionality and claim-driven multi-functionality. In the first two groups, performance related to formulation and manufacturing comes to the fore, while in the last two, safety becomes important and those are briefly given in this review. Peer Review History: Received: 12 May 2021; Revised: 11 June; Accepted: 25 June, Available online: 15 July 2021 Academic Editor: Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Govind Vyas, Compliance & Regulatory Officer Inva-Tech Pharmaceuticals LLC, New-Jersey, USA, govindvyas03@gmail.com Dr. Mohammad Bayan, Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box: 1 Philadelphia University 19392 Jordan, mbayan01@qub.ac Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com

Recent serious effects of viral infections on humans, anti-viral compound research has gained momentum and has become very important. In particular, viruses such as Cytomegalovirus/CMV, Epstein Barr virus/EBV, Hepatitis B/HBV, Hepatitis C/HCV, Herpes Simplex Virus/HSV, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HIV, rabies virus, corona virus and Ebola virus are of high importance. Very limited antiviral medicines commercially available and can cause serious-significant side effects for patients receiving treatment. Also, viruses have the mutational capability to infect host cells. For this reason, in recent years, the possibility of producing new antiviral medicines, especially from natural sources, has increased considerably, and animal-based products are now also promising among natural products. Viral-borne infections have been known long ago. However, it was just possible to isolate these viruses that cause infection in the nineteenth century. The management of viral infection, the isolation of the virus, and the control of viral reproduction has played a role in the development of many drugs and vaccines in the studies carried out since that period. In addition to these studies, viruses continue to be one of the primary causes of human and animal diseases today. It has been stated that Antiviral Peptides/AVPs can be used as a defense barrier with previous studies. Some AVPs are known to show a broad spectrum against viruses. In this direction, many studies have been conducted on AVPs and it has been observed that these peptides inhibit the viral particle by the above-mentioned mechanisms. In this study venoms and toxins of some animals, which have antiviral activities are overviewed. Peer Review History: Received 24 March 2021; Revised 15 April; Accepted 28 April, Available online 15 May 2021 Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com Dr. Nuray Ari, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr Dr. Terhemen Festus Swem, Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria, swemfestus422@gmail.com Similar Articles: EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

Nanoscale robotics have the ability that it can productively transform multiple energy sources into motion and strength which reflects an expeditiously appearing and captivating area for research of robotics. In today's plethora, biomedical nanorobotics played an intricate character with numerous units of robots working at the pathological site in a coordinated manner. The synergistic action of the several nanorobotics has been employed for the fulfilment of the task such as large-scale detoxification, delivery of the large pharmacological/therapeutic efficacious payloads, etc. that is nearly unfeasible or unalterable practically by using single nanorobot. The collective intelligence of the nanorobot is advancing progressively at the nanoscale to reinforce their precision treatment potentially. Conclusively, after obtaining certain consideration regarding the nanorobotics sciences, many professionals are compendiously involving in the emerging highly efficacious therapeutic technology that encourages the scientist or designing of the tissues specific for the site-specific nanorobotic diagnostic devices. As a result, the closed and professional type between the field of Nanotechnology and Medical Sciences will provide another new highly oriented level to the domain of nanorobotics.