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Blastocystis sp. is the most common unicellular, luminal parasite in humans and animals. It has been associated with diarrhea and irritable bowel syndrome. This article describes the bibliometric research of articles published in Web of Science (WoS) database on Blastocystis sp. over a 51-year period. The VOSviewer visualization methodology was used for this study. Institutions, nations, international collaborations, journals, articles, authors, keywords, co-authors, co-citations, and citation rates from the WoS database formed the data of this study. A total of 1066 documents were found in the WoS database. Of which 773 were articles and only those publications were analyzed. The articles were cited 22,034 times in total and the mean Hirsch (H) index was 74. The countries with the highest number of articles were as follows: USA (n = 86; 11.125%), Singapore (n = 71; 9.185%), and Malaysia (n = 70; 9.056). Since 2000, there have been a limited number of articles and since 2014 there has been a minimum of 34 publications per year. The highest number of articles was published in 2021 (n = 76) and the highest number of citations (n = 3408) was in 2021. The leading affiliation according to the number of published articles was the National University of Singapore (9.185%), University Malaya (7.245%), and Nara Women’s University (5.304%). The USA, Singapore, and Malaysia have led scientific production on Blastocystis sp. Efforts should be made to help them develop interdisciplinary scientific research networks with these countries on Blastocystis sp.

Introduction: Campylobacter infections are among the most common causes of bacterial enteritis. This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values (PPV) of culture and culture-independent tests for the diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis. Methodology: A total of 400 stool samples were included in the study. BD MAX enteric bacterial panel (BD Diagnostics, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and EntericBio Gastro Panel II (Serosep, Limerick, Ireland) were used as commercial molecular tests. RIDA®QUICK Campylobacter (R-Biopharm, Darmstadt,, Germany) and CerTest (Biotec, Zaragoza, Spain) were used to detect Campylobacter antigens. Samples were cultured in CCDA media and subjected to bacterial identification by mass spectrometry. Results: Among the 400 specimens, 41 (10.2%) were evaluated as Campylobacter positive; 21 were culture-positive and 20 were detected as positive by both PCR methods. Of the 21 isolates grown in culture, 16 (76.2%) were identified as C. jejuni and 5 (23.8%) as C. coli. While all 21 culture-positive specimens were detected as positive by both molecular tests, 18 of the specimens were found positive by RidaQuick, and 16 by Certest ICA. Of the 20 culture-negative Campylobacter cases, 18 were positive by RidaQuick and 12 by Certest ICA. Sensitivities of culture, ICA-RidaQuick and ICA-CerTest were 51.2%, 87.8 and 68.3, respectively. The specificities of all tests were in the range of 90-100 %. PPV of molecular tests, ICA-RidaQuick and ICA-CerTest were > 95%, 72 % and 48.3 %, respectively. Conclusions: Molecular tests were superior to culture and ICA in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.

På grunn av en periode med mistrivsel blant ingeniører i bedriften, ønsker bedriften å få en bedre forståelse av hva som motiverer deres ingeniører for å snu trenden. Denne bacheloroppgaven utforsker sammenhengen mellom motivasjon og trivsel, og hvordan ingeniørenes behov kan møtes for å øke motivasjon og redusere gjennomtrekk. Oppgaven baserer seg på et case-studie design, der metoden fokusgrupper har vært en nøkkelfaktor for å utforske hvilke faktorer som ligger til grunn for ingeniørenes motivasjon i deres daglige arbeid. Fokusgrupper ble utført med både ingeniører og deres ledere for å få innsikt i hva som motiverer dem fra ingeniørenes perspektiv og hvordan deres ledere kan påvirke deres motivasjon og trivsel. Resultatene fra fokusgruppene ble transkribert og analysert for å finne ut hvordan det samsvarte med eksisterende teori på menneskelig motivasjon, behov og forholdet mellom motivasjon og trivsel. Herzbergs tofaktorteori og Maslow behovshierarki ble brukt som rammeverk for analyseringen av resultatene. Funnene avslørte at organisasjonsdesign øker de negative faktorene og at målstyring ble brukt som et verktøy for å øke motivasjon, men med lav påvirkning på ingeniørene da noen av ingeniørers behov ikke er ivaretatt. Funnene indikerer også at motivasjonsfaktorer som kun skal øke tilfredsstillelsen om de er til stede, faktisk skaper mistrivsel om de ikke er til stede. Bedriften må forstå hvordan disse faktorene påvirker de forskjellige ingeniørene, slik at de kan fokusere på de riktige områdene og øke jobbtilfredsstillelse Due to a period of dissatisfaction among engineers at a company, the company aims to understand what motivates their engineers to improve their focus to turn the trend around. This bachelor thesis explores the relationship between motivation and satisfaction, and how the needs of engineers can be met to increase motivation and reduce high turnover in the department. The thesis is based on a case study design, with focus groups being a key method for understanding the factors that motivate engineers in their daily work. Focus groups were conducted with both engineers and their managers to gain insight into what motivates them and to compare the perspectives of engineers and managers on how managers can contribute to the motivation and satisfaction of engineers. The results from the focus groups were transcribed and analyzed to determine how they align with existing theories on human motivation, needs, and the relationship between motivation and satisfaction. Herzberg’s two-factor theory and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs were used as frameworks for analyzing the results. The findings reveal that organizational design can increase negative factors and that goal-setting is used as a tool in the company to increase motivation, but has low effect on engineers due to the fact that some needs are not met. The findings also implies that motivating factors that should only have a satisfying effect when it’s present, actually have a dissatisfying effect when absent. The company needs to understand how these factors affect their different engineers in order to focus on the right areas and improve job satisfaction.

Miyazis, Diptera sınıfı larvaların omurgalı doku ve vücut boşluklarını istila etmesi anlamına gelen bir terimdir. Nazal miyaz çoğunlukla Sarcophagidae ve Calliphoridae ailesi üyelerinin neden olduğu bir enfestasyondur. Bulaşında birçok predispozan faktörün rol aldığı hastalığın tedavisinde mekanik temizleme ile beraber antiseptiklerin kullanımı tavsiye edilmektedir. Bu olguda, 75 yaşında yoğun bakımda yatan bir hastada görülen nazofarengeal miyaz sunuldu. Hastanın burnunda dokuz adet larva tespit edilmiştir. Larvalar bölgeden uzaklaştırılarak üç gün boyunca bölge %5’lik iodin solüsyonuyla temizlendi. Makroskobik ve mikroskobik incelemeler sonunda etkenin Sarcophaga sp.’nin üçüncü evre larvaları olduğu belirlendi. Miyaz enfestasyonlarını engellemek için yoğun bakım ünitelerini gibi hastanın bilincinin kapalı olduğu yerlerde görev yapan personeller hastaların burun, ağız ve kulak boşluğu gibi vücut boşluklarını günlük olarak kontrol etmeli, bakım ve temizliğini en uygun şekilde yapmalıdır. Myiasis is a parasitic infestation of tissues and body cavities of vertebrates by Diptera larvae. Nasal myiasis is mostly caused by the Sarcophagidae and Calliphoridae families. Many predisposing factors play a role in the appearance of nasal myiasis. In the treatment of the disease, the use of antiseptics together with mechanical cleaning is recommended. In this report, a case of nasopharyngeal myiasis in a 75-year-old patient hospitalized in the intensive care unit is presented. Nine larvae were detected in the patient's nose. Larvae were removed from the area and were cleaned with iodine solution for three days. As a result of macroscopic and microscopic examination, the larvae were identified as the third stage of Sarcophaga sp. in order to prevent myiasis infestations, personnel working in places where the patient is unconscious, such as intensive care units, should daily check the patient's body cavities such as nose, mouth and ear cavities, and perform their care and cleaning.

Despite the great potential, there has been a lack of progress in the development of sharable and scalable tools for digital mental health due to difficulty in reproducibility and clinical application. The LAMP Platform was developed to address this gap by creating a single platform that works for a variety of clinical and research use cases. The study aims to understand how a consortium of clinical and research sites can help onboard, execute, and expand digital health research, software, and use cases. The Division of Digital Psychiatry implemented a formal consortium with goal of expanding the reach of mindLAMP as a digital mental health platform, enabling diverse studies and expanded use cases, and supportint growth of mindLAMP and consortium members’ research. The LAMP Consortium has brought together 54 sites from across the world, encouraging collaboration and idea sharing. These sites’ locations range from the USA to the Czech Republic to Australia, and apply the many features of LAMP to research, clinical, research and clinical, and industry use. The most popular features were surveys, sharing/viewing data, and GPS passive data collection. A user support network is necessary to encourage research and clinical use of the LAMP Platform. Resources like documentation, an online forum, and newsletters are essential to promote cooperation between many types of sites that is essential to advancing the field of digital mental health.

Objective: Anaerobic bacteria, which make up an important part of normal body flora, may lead to serious life-threatening infections. Since isolation and identification of anaerobic bacteria require time-consuming, sensitive, and difficult methods, they can only be performed in certain clinical laboratories. For this reason, diagnosis and treatment of anaerobic infections are delayed and drug resistance is observed due to empirical treatment. New methods that will enable the early identification of these bacteria will help reduce the duration of treatment and mortality rates due to anaerobic infections. Method: In this study, it is aimed to design magnetic nanoparticles attached to N-methyl-D-glucamine (Mag-NMDG) to catch anaerobic bacteria for rapid identification. Mag-NMDG nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Results: Mag-NMDG nanoparticles were applied to gram positive and gram negative anaerobic bacteria such as Actinomyces odontolyticus, Prevotella buccae, Veillonella parvula, Bifidobacterium dentium and Bacteroides fragilis isolated from culture media. The binding of bacteria to Mag-NMDG was determined by microscope images, McFarland values, and MALDI-TOF MS identification scores. Conclusion: As a result of this study, it was concluded that the Mag-NMDG nanoparticles could be used to isolate anaerobic bacteria directly from samples. Thus, it is foreseen that many time-consuming and troublesome steps in the isolation and identification stages can be eliminated.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, 2011-2020 yılları arasında Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Parazitoloji Laboratuvarı’na başvuran hastalarda tespit edilen bağırsak parazitlerin dağılımının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Parazit incelemesi için parazitoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen dışkı numuneleri native-Lugol yöntemi ve selofan bant ile gönderilen numuneler ise direkt mikroskobi ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca protozoonların tanımlanmasında modifiye asitfast ve trikrom boyama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Parazitoloji laboratuvarına gönderilen 60,501 Gaita numunesinin %5,99’unda parazit tespit edildi. Bu parazitlerin içerisinde %57,62 ile Blastocystis spp. en yüksek oranda saptandı, bunun dışında saptanan diğer parazitler ise sırasıyla Giardia intestinalis %31,93, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar %3,75, Hymenelopis nana %2,37, Fasciola spp., %1,57, Taenia spp. %0,91, Enterobius vermicularis %0,72, Cryptosporidium spp.%0,52, Cyclospora cayatenensis %0,42, Ascaris lumbricoides ise %0,19 oranında idi. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda bağırsak parazit enfeksiyonlarının görülme oranları on yıllık süre içinde azalma gösterse de önemini korumaya devam etmektedir. Bu nedenle, bağırsak parazitlerinin prevalansının azaltılması için; temiz su kaynaklarının korunması, alt yapı sorunlarının giderilmesi, toplumun sanitasyon kuralları hakkında bilgilendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine and evaluate retrospectively the distribution of intestinal parasites detected in patients who applied to Dicle University Medical Faculty Parasitology Laboratory between 2011-2020. Methods: Stool samples sent to the parasitology laboratory for parasite examination were examined by the native-Lugol method and the samples sent with cellophane tape were examined microscopically for parasite examination. In addition, modified acidfast and trichrome staining methods were used to identify protozoan. Results: Parasites were detected in 5.99% of 60.501 stool samples sent to the parasitology laboratory. Blastocystis spp. (57.62%) was detected with the highest rate among positive samples, followed by 31.93% Giardia intestinalis, 3.75% Entamoeba histolytica/ dispar, 2.37% Hymenolepis nana, 1.57% Fasciola spp., 0.91% Taenia saginata, 0.72% Enterobius vermicularis, 0.52% Cryptosporidium spp., 0.42% Cyclospora cayetanensis, 0.19 Ascaris lumbricoides were detected. Conclusion: Although the incidence of intestinal parasite infections in our study decreased over a ten-year period, it continues to maintain its importance. Therefore, to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites; It is important to safeguarding clean water resources, solve infrastructure problems, and inform the public about sanitation rules.

Background: Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are acute phase reactants indicating inflammation, particularly in bacterial infections. High PCT or CRP levels were proposed in malaria, invasive amoebiasis, babesiosis and schistosomiasis. Since liver is the sole habitat, it was hypothesized that PCT and CRP may have a role in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Objective: The study aimed to investigate whether PCT and CRP have a role in the diagnosis of fascioliasis. Subjects and Methods: Fifty fascioliasis patients and 50 healthy blood donors in the same age range, as the control group, were included in the study. Fascioliasis was diagnosed by anti-Fasciola IgG ELISA, in addition, direct stool examinations (fresh smear and after sedimentation) were performed in both groups. Serum PCT and CRP levels were determined by I-chroma kits on I- CHROMATM II device, and NFL BN-II immunonephelometry system, respectively. Results: There was no statistically significant difference of PCT and CRP values between the fascioliasis patient group and the control group (P> 0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that PCT and CRP were not relevant parameters for diagnosis of fascioliasis.

It is known that textile dyes have various risks on human health. Glutathione-S-transferase enzymes play a critical role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in living systems. This study aimed to examine the interaction of methylene blue with human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase purified in one step. Human erythrocyte glutathione-S-transferase was purified with approximately 750-fold purification and 30% efficiency by glutathione agarose affinity chromatography. The results showed that the enzyme was inhibited by methylene blue with an IC50 value of 1.40 mmol/L. The Ki constant of methylene blue was 1.17 mmol/L. The Lineweaver–Burk graph of the methylene blue showed that the type of inhibition was compatible with mixed type inhibition. A new third spot was also detected by thin-layer chromatography. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of methylene blue on human erythrocytes was evaluated and it was found that the haemolysis per cent of methylene blue on erythrocytes was approximately 14%.

Introduction Previous literature demonstrated the importanceof stacking at least three reversing half-hitches on alternating posts(RHAPs) following arthroscopic knot placement. However, RHAPsconstruction involves looping the suture in either an “overhand” or an“underhand” manner as it relates to the post, which may affect knotsecurity. This study investigated the presently unidentified influenceof different stacking combinations of three RHAPs and suture materialon arthroscopic knot security. Methods Four different RHAPs stacking combinations were tiedwith three different suture materials. Ten knots of each configurationwere tied using each suture material, resulting in 120 evaluated knots.A single load-to-failure test was performed. The mode of failure andmean ultimate clinical failure load were recorded. Results Different overhand/underhand stacking combinations ofthree RHAPs had a statistically significant effect on arthroscopicknot strength and security; however, all combinations surpassed theminimum ultimate clinical failure threshold. Knots constructed witheither Force Fiber® or braided fishing line had mean ultimate clinicalfailure loads of greater than 200 N and most commonly failed due tosuture material breakage (100%, 60 - 80% respectively). Conversely,FiberWire® demonstrated lower mean ultimate clinical failure loadsand had a higher incidence of elongated but intact failure (60 - 90%). Conclusion Different overhand/underhand stacking combinationsof three RHAPs yielded an arthroscopic knot capable of secure tissuefixation. A significant effect was observed for suture materials on theknot strength. This study increases our understanding of suitableRHAPs construction following arthroscopic knot placement that canlead to improving the ultimate clinical failure loads of constructedarthroscopic knots observed between orthopedic surgeons.

Objectives Increasing knowledge about the toxicology of drug overdose and substance misuse (DOSM) is important in improving our understanding of the epidemic. We describe the Minnesota Drug Overdose and Substance Use Pilot Surveillance Activity, which started collecting data on emergency department (ED) visits attributable to DOSM in 2017, with a focus on the toxicology results of a subset of clinical encounters. Methods From November 1, 2017, through January 30, 2020, we collected near–real-time data on DOSM-related ED encounters. The Minnesota Department of Health Public Health Laboratory tested leftover clinical specimens (blood and/or urine) for the presence of various substances for patients who died, were hospitalized, had an atypical clinical presentation, or were part of a local drug overdose cluster. Testing looked for >250 drugs or their metabolites, including those commonly misused (eg, methamphetamine, cocaine), prescription medications, synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, and opioids. We describe characteristics of the overall group and a subgroup of clinical encounters with toxicology results. Results Specimens submitted from 6 EDs during the study period represented 239 clinical encounters. Methamphetamine was the most frequently detected substance (67.4%) but was suspected in only 45.6% of encounters. At least 1 opioid was detected in 42.5% of encounters but suspected in only 29.7%. Testing also detected potential adulterants and additives (eg, fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, levamisole) and showed frequent patient exposure to substances not reported by patients or suspected by clinicians. Nearly half (44.4%) of clinical encounters had >1 substance detected. Conclusions ED surveillance for DOSM encounters, enhanced by toxicology testing, can provide local situational awareness on overdoses, prevent potential mischaracterization of the true drug overdose epidemic, and inform harm reduction and drug overdose prevention efforts.