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Wernicke's encephalopathy, a disorder caused by thiamin deficiency, is characterized by a classical triad of encephalopathy, ataxia, and ophthalmoplegia. Although alcoholism is the most common predisposing factor, it can also be associated with nonalcoholic states (hyperemesis gravidarum, intestinal obstruction, bariatric surgery, and others). This work presents a case of nonalcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome diagnosed in a cholangiocellular carcinoma patient and literature review.A 65-year-old male patient with a history of cholangiocellular carcinoma (Klatskin tumor) was treated with radiotherapy at the operation site after Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy. During follow-up, the patient developed gastric outlet obstruction and was diagnosed with peritoneal carcinomatosis after a palliative gastrojejunostomy. As the patient could not tolerate oral nutrition during hospitalization, total parenteral nutrition was administered. After 10 days of admission, the patient showed decreased response to verbal stimuli as well as bilateral horizontal nystagmus, lethargy, and disorientation. Furthermore, the patient displayed confabulation. Clinical and imaging findings were consistent with Wernicke's encephalopathy. Therefore, treatment with intravenous thiamin replacement was initiated. The patient's encephalopathy regressed on the second day after treatment, and he recovered the place-person-time orientation. In the following month, the abnormal imaging findings were almost entirely resolved.In order to prevent irreversible brain damage induced by chronic thiamin deficiency, thiamin replacement therapy with parenteral nutrition solutions should be included as a treatment for hospitalized cancer patients unable to receive enteral nutrition for a long time.

1914 yılında devletin ilk ödenekli tiyatro kurumu olarak kurulan Darülbedayi, yüz yılı aşkın tarihi ile Türk tiyatrosu adına çok önemli bir yerde durmaktadır. Kurulduğu ilk yıllarda birçok tartışmaya konu olan Darülbedayi, 1930’lu yıllara kadar ilerleme kaydedememiştir. Dönemin dergi ve gazetelerinde sürekli olarak tartışılan Darülbedayi hem tiyatro muharrirleri hem de dönemin önemli eleştirmelerinin ilgiyle takip ettiği bir tiyatro kurumu olmuştur. Ancak bir türlü istenilen desteği görememiş ve bu nedenle ülkede modern tiyatronun gelişimi açısından beklenilen gelişimi gösterememiştir. Çokça tartışılan kurum, yıllara göre çeşitli polemiklerin odağında yer almıştır. Tartışmaların içeriğini genellikle kurumun oyun, oyuncu ve yönetim işlerini ilgilendiren ‘edebi heyet’ oluşturmaktadır. Darülbedayi’nin yönetimi ve icrası için çok önemli bir kurul olan edebi heyet üzerindeki tartışmalar, Darülbedayi’nin gelişimini engelleyen en önemli sebeplerden sayılır. Oynanacak oyunların yerli mi adapte mi olacağı, oyuncular, yazarlar ve eserler gibi birçok tartışma da diğer önemli tartışmalardandır. Dönem içinde tartışmalara dâhil olmuş olan Reşat Nuri Güntekin Darülbedayi’nin ayakta kalması için mücadele etmiş biridir. Reşat Nuri’nin katkıları tartışmaların seyrini etkilemiştir. Bu çalışmada Darülbedayi’nin niteliği, kurulma amacı, kuruluşundaki olaylar ve devamında kurum üzerine tartışılan konular ele alınacaktır. Ayrıca Reşat Nuri Güntekin’in Darülbedayi üzerine yapılan tartışmalara olan bakışı incelenecektir.

Fixed points of matrices have many applications in various areas of science and mathematics. Extended modular group ¯¯¯¯ΓΓ¯ is the group of 2×22×2 matrices with integer entries and determinant ±1±1. There are strong connections between extended modular group, continued fractions and Farey graph. Farey graph is a graph with vertex set ^Q=Q∪{∞}Q^=Q∪{∞}. In this study, we consider the elements in ¯¯¯¯ΓΓ¯ that fix rationals. For a given rational number, we use its Farey neighbours to obtain the matrix representation of the element in $\overline{\Gamma}$ that fixes the given rational. Then we express such elements as words in terms of generators using the relations between the Farey graph and continued fractions. Finally we give the new block reduced form of these words which all blocks have Fibonacci numbers entries.

Electrospun fiber mats loaded with therapeutics have gained considerable attention as a versatile tool in the biomedical field. While these bandages are largely based on fast-dissolving polymers to release the cargo, stimuli-responsive fiber mats have the advantages of providing a timely and spatially controlled drug delivery platform, which can be refilled and reused several times. These benefits make electrospun fiber patches original platforms for painless and convenient on-demand hormone release. Because of the high need of more convenient and non-invasive methods for delivering insulin, a hormone that is currently used to treat hundred million people with diabetes worldwide, we have investigated the tremendous potential of reduced graphene oxide modified poly(acrylic acid) based fiber mats as an original platform for buccal and corneal insulin delivery on-demand. The PAA@rGO hydrogel-like fibers rendered water-insoluble by incorporating β-cyclodextrin, followed by thermal cross-linking, which showed adequate tensile strength along with high adsorption capacity of insulin at pH 7 and good recyclability. The fiber mats maintained good fibrous morphology and high loading efficiency even after five loading-release cycles. The mucoadhesive nature of the fibers allowed their application for insulin delivery via the eye cornea and the buccal mouth lining, as evidenced in ex vivo studies. Insulin loaded PAA@rGO hydrogel-like fibers showed an insulin flux via buccal lining of pigs of 16.6 ± 2.9 μg cm-2 h-1 and 24.3 ± 3.1 μg cm-2 h-1 for porcine cornea. Testing on healthy adult volunteers confirmed the excellent, mucoadhesive nature of the bandage, with three out of six volunteers feeling completely comfortable (note 8.3) while wearing the patches in the buccal cavity., The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the University of Lille, the Hauts-de-France region, and the CPER “Photonics for Society” are acknowledged for financial support. This work was partly supported by the French Renatech network. A.V. thanks the i-SITE foundation of the University of Lille for a PhD fellowship. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions under grant agreement No 690836.

International audience; Painless and controlled on-demand drug delivery is the ultimate goal for the management of various chronic diseases, including diabetes. , Painless and controlled on-demand drug delivery is the ultimate goal for the management of various chronic diseases, including diabetes. To achieve this purpose, microneedle patches are gaining increased attention. While degradable microneedle (MN) arrays are widely employed, the use of non-dissolving MN patches remains a challenge to overcome. In this study, we demonstrate that crosslinking gelatin methacrylate with polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) is potent for engineering non-dissolving MN arrays. Incorporation of MoS 2 nanosheets as a photothermal component into MN hydrogels results in MNs featuring on-demand release properties. An optimized MoS 2 -MN array patch formed using a hydrogel solution containing 500 μg mL −1 of MoS 2 and photochemically crosslinked for 5 min shows required mechanical behavior under a normal compressive load to penetrate the stratum corneum of mice or pig skin and allows the delivery of macromolecular therapeutics such as insulin upon swelling. Using ex vivo and in vivo models, we show that the MoS 2 -MN patches can be used for loading and releasing insulin for therapeutic purposes. Indeed, transdermal administration of insulin loaded into MoS 2 -MN patches reduces blood glucose levels in C57BL/6 mice and mini-pigs comparably to subcutaneously injected insulin. We believe that this on-demand delivery system might alter the current insulin therapies and might be a potential approach for delivery of other proteins.

Objectives Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is a spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia caused by biallelic variants in CCN6. This study aimed to describe the early signs and follow-up findings in 44 Turkish PPRD patients. Methods The patients with progressive stiffness of multiple joints, characteristic wide metaphysis of interphalangeal (IP) joints and platyspondyly were clinically diagnosed with PPRD. Fifteen patients who had first symptoms under 3 years of age were grouped as early-onset, while others were grouped as classical. CCN6 sequencing was performed in 43 patients. Results Thirteen pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants were identified, five were novel. c.156C>A(p.Cys52*) variant was found in 53.3% of the families. The initial symptom in the early-onset group was genu varum deformity, while it was widening of IP joints in the classical group. The median age of onset of symptoms and of diagnosis was 4 and 9.7 years, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The median age of onset of IP, elbow, knee and hip stiffness, which became progressive with growth was 5, 9, 9 and 12.2 years, respectively. Waddling gait occurred in 97.7% of the patients. A total of 47.7% lost independent walking ability at the median age of 12 years. In the early-onset group, waddling gait occurred earlier than in classical group (P Conclusion We observed that genu varum deformity before the age of 3 years was an early sign for PPRD and almost half of the patients lost walking ability at the median age of 12 years.

Growing needs in biomedical applications have driven the development of multifunctional nanoparticles towards theranostically-engineered multimodal platforms. Many strategies for point-effective cellular uptake of theranostics have been described. in this report, multifunctional nanostructures were designed and synthesized as a novel theranostic platform. Liposomes were loaded with curcumin as a therapeutic agent and carbon dots (CDs) as a contrast molecule. Anti-CD44 antibodies were bioconjugated on the liposomal surface to obtain an active targeting nanocarrier. After synthesis, the relative characterization of the vesicles was performed using DLS and TEM techniques. in vitro analysis was conducted to investigate the multimodal properties of the theranostic via testing its toxicity, cell uptake, bioimaging, and chemo/radiotherapy applications on two different cell lines. 3D holographic microscopy was employed to track the treatment effects during experimentation. Results indicated that these particles are efficient tools for clinical applications due to their fluorescent characteristic and increased bioperformance., Ege University, Scientific Research FoundationEge University [2017 FEN 007], Ege University, Scientific Research Foundation is acknowledged for the support (Project no: 2017 FEN 007) .

Stabilization of biomolecules on matrices is critically important. Here we constructed composite nanofibers with magnetic features by electro-spinning of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in an appropriate polymer matrix on a collector surface for multiple uses. 'Poly(vinylalcohol)-polyethyleneimine/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles' (PVA-PEI/MNP) composite nanofiber was used on the screen printed electrodes (SPE) to serve as a platform for the glucose oxidase (GOx) biofilm as the model biomolecule. To show the potential application of this material as a biosensor component, the resulted biofilm, called 'PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx', was fixed on SPE via a neodymium magnet for the electrochemical detection of glucose at -0.7 V where oxygen consumption due to enzymatic reaction was measured. The main advantage of the obtained magnetic biomembrane is that it allows analysis with a single drop. After step-by-step surface modifications, analytical characterization was performed using various techniques, such as voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as microscopic techniques. The linear range of the PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx surface was found as 0.0125 to 0.5 mM with a limit of detection of 11.5 mu M for glucose as analyte. The application of PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx for glucose detection in synthetic samples was carried out. Data proved the potential use of the 'PVA-PEI/MNP' surface as a biomolecule immobilization platform for disposable biosensor applications.

Bu çalışmada tam katsayılı otomorfizma ve anti-otomorfizmaların grubu olan genişletilmiş modüler grubun H ̅_3,3 alt grubunun elemanları ve Fibonacci sayıları arasındaki ilişki incelenecektir. H ̅_3,3 grubu, altı mertebeli iki dihedral grubun iki mertebeli devirli grup altında, birleştirilmiş serbest çarpımıdır. Başka bir ifadeyle bu grup üç mertebeli X(z)=(-1)⁄((z-1) ), Y(z)=(-1)⁄((z+1) ) şeklinde iki eleman ve iki mertebeli R(z)=1⁄z ̅ bir yansıma dönüşümü tarafından üretilir. Böylece grubun herbir elemanı X, Y ve R nin kuvvetlerinin bir kombinasyonu olarak yazılabilir. Burada bu kombinasyonun içinde katsayıları Fibonacci sayıları olan bloklar elde edilecektir.

War against cancer constantly requires new affinity tools to selectively detect, localize, and quantify biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis. Herein, carbon nanodots (CDs), an emerging class of fluorescent nanomaterials, coupled with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), are employed as a biocompatible optical imaging tool for probing cancer biomarkers. First, N-doped CDs were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using starch as carbon source and Ltryptophan as nitrogen atom provider to achieve a high quantum yield of 25.1 +/- 2%. The CDs have a typical size of similar to 3.2 nm and produce an intense fluorescence at 450 nm upon excitation with UV light. A MIP shell for specific recognition of glucuronic acid (GlcA) was then synthesized around the CDs, using the emission of the CDs as an internal light source for photopolymerization. GlcA is a substructure (epitope) of hyaluronan, a biomarker for certain cancers. The biotargeting and bioimaging of hyaluronan on fixated human cervical cancer cells using CD core-MIP shell nanocomposites is demonstrated. Human keratinocytes were used as noncancerous reference cells and indeed, less staining was observed by the CD-MIP.

Becer, C. Remzi/0000-0003-0968-6662; Ozcelik, Serdar/0000-0003-2029-0108; Geyik, Caner/0000-0002-8382-2186; Guler Celik, Emine/0000-0003-2381-9775; YILMAZ, GOKHAN/0000-0002-1803-5397; Odaci Demirkol, Dilek/0000-0002-7954-1381, WOS: 000424988400014, Over the past decade, there has been a great deal of interest in the integration of nanotechnology and carbohydrates. The advances in glyconanotechnology have allowed the creation of different bioactive glyconanostructures for different types of medical applications, especially for drug delivery and release systems. Therefore, the use of more efficient biocompatible nanocarriers with high loading capacity, low overall toxicity and receptor-mediated endocytosis specificity is still in focus for the enhancement of the therapeutic effect. Conjugation of sugar derivatives onto gold nanoparticles presents unique properties that include a wide array of assembling models and size-related electronic, magnetic and optical properties. Here, pH-responsive drug-conjugated glycopolymer-coated gold nanoparticles were prepared by functionalization of gold nanoparticles with thiol-terminated glycopolymers and then subsequent conjugation of doxorubicin (DOX). Among the four different glycopolymers, their drug release, physicochemical characterization (spectroscopy, particle size and surface charge) and in vitro bioapplications with four different cell lines were compared. As a result, pH-sensitive drug delivery via sugar-coated AuNPs was performed thanks to hydrazone linkages between glycopolymers and DOX. Comparative viability tests also demonstrated the efficiency of glycopolymer-DOX conjugates by fluorescence cell imaging. The obtained results reveal that AuNP homoglycopolymer DOX conjugates (P4D) have significant potential, especially in human neuroblastoma cells in comparison to cervical cancer cells and lung cancer cells.

Background: Defects of bone and soft tissue occur frequently after high-energy trauma, infections, and tumor resection. Treatment options are limited and outcomes are controversial in nonunion. Classical reconstruction methods are challenging. We describe a method of internal bone transport for treatment of complicated nonunion of the forearm. This method permits axial and internal bone transport without harming the distorted and complex neurovascular anatomy or soft-tissue envelope. Materials and Methods: Five patients (mean age, 27 years) with defect nonunion (3 ulna, 2 radius) were treated. Mean preoperative defect size was 36 mm, mean shortening was 14 (0–30) mm, and the extent of surgical resection was 24 (20–40) mm. Total bone loss due to defect, resection, or shortening was 74 mm. According to Paley classification, two of the patients had B1, and three had B3 defect nonunion. This study treats defect nonunion of the forearm using an internal bone-transport method. Our method involved cannulated screws, a cerclage wire, and a circular fixator being used in combination. When transportation was completed, internal fixation of the docking site with a plate and screws was done, with bone grafting after fixator removal. Bone healing and functional outcomes were assessed with radiographs and disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) scores, respectively. Results: Mean followup was 67.6 months. Solid osseous union and functional improvement were achieved in all cases. Mean bone loss was 66 mm, mean fixator time was 131.8 days, the lengthening index was 1.3 days/mm, and the fixator index was 2.1 days/mm. DASH score was 82.2 before treatment and 15.36 after treatment. Conclusions: Using our method, internal bone transport and progressive axial docking of defects can be done with minimal effects on surrounding neurovascular arrangements and soft tissues. Size of fixators can be decreased and formation of painful scar tissue can be avoided.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the treatment outcomes of mid-diaphyseal clavicular fractures between an external fixator and more widely selected treatment options such as plate osteosynthesis or conservative methods. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 64 patients who were treated for mid-diaphyseal clavicular fracture in our clinic from 2009 to 2013 were reviewed. The inclusion criterion was mid-diaphyseal closed clavicular fractures with shortening of more than 2 cm. The Constant and DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand) scores at the final follow-up, initial displacement, nonunion, and complication rates were compared. Statistical differences between groups were assessed with the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison analysis was used to evaluate the differences within the groups. Results: Of the 64 patients, 24 (37.5%) were treated with plate osteosynthesis (group 1), 11 (17.2%) with an external fixator (group 2), and 29 (45.3%) conservatively with a figure-of-eight bandage (group 3). The mean follow-up periods were as follows: group 1: 37 ± 10.4 months, group 2: 33 ± 7 months, and group 3: 35 ± 9.4 months. The initial amount of displacement and DASH score were: group 1: 89.1 ± 7.8, group 2: 89.1 ± 7.8, and group 3: 6.1 ± 6.6) (p = 0.079). The Constant score of group 2 (93 ± 6.1) was significantly higher than that of group 3 (85 ± 8.4) (p = 0.013). No statistical difference was found in the distribution of nonunions (p = 0.387). However, in group 3, the number of malunions (11/29, 37.9%) was significantly higher compared to the other 2 groups (group 1: 1/24, 4.2%; group 2: 2/11, 18.2%) (p = 0.006). Conclusions: This study revealed that the treatment of acute clavicular fractures with an external fixator was a good alternative to plate osteosynthesis or conservative treatment.

Objective: Non-union accompanied by infection requires both the treatment of infection and stabilization of the fracture. This study examined the efficacy of a fixation technique using antibiotic impregnated polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement-coated intramedullary nail in patients with infected pseudarthrosis of the femur or tibia. Material and Methods: Fourteen patients with Cierny-Mader stage 4 infected non-union of the femur or tibia were included. Patients were treated with local debridement, antibiotic containing PMMA cement-coated intramedullary nail application and systemic antibiotics. They were followed-up for union and recovery of infection. Results: Femoral and tibial pseudarthrosis were present in 3 and 11 patients, respectively. Eleven patients had hypertrophic and three patients had atrophic infected non-union. The mean duration of follow-up was 24.7 months (range: 8-37 months). During follow-up, infection improved in 85.7% of the cases (12 patients). Union was achieved in 10 (71.4%) patients during follow-up. Ten over 11 patients (90.9%) with hypertrophic pseudarthrosis achieved union. On the other hand, none of the patients with atrophic pseudarthrosis achieved union. Conclusion: Considering the high-dose local antibiotic effect and the advantage of stabilization with intramedullary nail, antibiotic impregnated PMMA cement-coated locked intramedullary nail application may be recommended in the treatment of hypertrophic pseudarthrosis. However, regarding the treatment of atrophic pseudarthrosis, it seems to be effective for the treatment of infection but ineffective for bone union. Larger trials are warranted.

Transition metal oxides provide low cost alternatives to noble metals due to their unique electrocatalytic and electrochromic properties and display strong interactions with noble metal nanoparticles. Present study describes the use of mixed molybdenum and manganese oxide film electrode enriched with platinum nanoparticles to enhance the catalytic performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The mixed oxide film, denominated as GCE/MnO x -MoO x /Pt, was co-deposited by pulsed potential deposition technique and then, it was used as an immobilization matrix for the intact bacterial cells. The resulted whole cell biosensor has served as a sensing platform for ethanol detection by monitoring of oxygen consumption as a result of the bacterial metabolism in the presence of the substrate. Following the optimization experiments, GCE/MnOx-MoOx/Pt/ Gluconobacter oxydans biofilm was applied to investigate the analytical characteristics and response time to ethanol as well as operational stability and substrate specificity for other carbon sources. The linear range was found as 0.075–5.0 mM with a response time of 63 s and the developed method was applied to the ethanol determination in alcoholic drinks. Satisfactory recovery figures were obtained in comparison to the standard method.

The impressive properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have caused them to gain considerable attention for biological applications such as cancer therapy. Among the many nanoparticles used in the treatment of cancer, carbohydrate derivatized modified NPs lead the way with enhanced internalization and therapy efficacy for cancerous cell lines. In this research, an aminochlorase Schiff base, which can be beneficial as a therapy material, with a galactose residue was used as a potentially active modifier. Gold and silver nanoparticles (AuNPs and AgNPs) can be readily modified with a sugar Schiff base ligand (1) by using cysteamine hydrochloride residues as a linker between the nanoparticle surface and the ligand. The resulting glyco-nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron microscopy and spectrophotometric techniques. Additionally, this modification type within a galactose derived Schiff base is the first work with a bioapplication, especially in radiotherapy. For further biological applications in cancerous cell lines, two commonly used cell lines, human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and human lung carcinoma cell line (A549) were introduced into the biological evaluation of those NP–ligand conjugates and satisfactory radioactivity results were obtained because of the radiosensitizing effect of the AuNPs and AgNPs.

Theranostic therapy is one of the most promising methods in cancer research, which simultaneously allows the treating and real-time monitoring of cancer. In the present study, a new method was developed to achieve advanced theranostic therapy by double encapsulation of gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNP) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) into niosomes. Hereby, niosomes are used for encapsulation of GdNP and PpIX, which will be called ‘Gd-PpIX-NI’. Niosomes are chosen as the encapsulation material owing to their high biocompatibility, physical and chemical stability, and fair price. On the other hand, GdNP and PpIX are good sensitizers for radiotherapy (RT) and, particularly, porphyrin structures are one of the most studied agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, a multimodal treatment was performed with the combination of PDT and RT by using human alveolar type-II (ATII)-like cells (A549) and human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Moreover, ‘Gd-PpIX-NI’ serves as a dual cell imaging probe that provides both fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Characterization of the sizes and zeta potential of the niosomal vesicles was carried out by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. To determine the cell viability after treatment with Gd-PpIX-NI, followed by PDT and RT application, the MTT method was used. The results showed that Gd-PpIX-NI assembling was homogeneous and consistent in terms of particle size, which is less than 100 nm. This material has potential as a good candidate for both PDT and RT, as well as diagnosis.

This study presents the comparative cell attachment investigation of TAT and well-known RGD peptide modified surfaces. Initially, cysteine containing arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) and TAT peptides, a class of cell penetration peptides, were synthesized. Gold film coated indium tin oxide (gold/ITO) surfaces were coated with RGD and TAT peptides and used for cell culture applications. Thiol groups on the peptides provide post-modification of the surface. The efficient bonding of the peptides with the modified surface brings proper attachment of the cells. The peptide modified surfaces were tested for adhesion of several cell lines such as monkey kidney epithelial cell (Vero), human cervical carcinoma cell (HeLa), human glioblastoma cell (U87-MG) and human immortalized skin keratinocyte cell (HaCaT) lines. These cells were cultured on RGD and TAT modified gold/ITO surfaces. Cell imaging studies were performed on these surfaces using fluorescence microscopy technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements were carried out for the surface characterization. The results indicate that the RGD and TAT modified surfaces exhibited better cell adhesion. Therefore, besides RGD as a well-known adhesion peptide, TAT functionalized substrates were found to be efficient bio-sensing candidates for further studies.

In the ever-expanding field of conducting polymer research, functionalized graft hybrid copolymers have gained considerable interest in the biomedical engineering and biosensing applications, particularly. In the present work, a new biosensor based on conducting graft copolymer for the detection of phenolic compounds was developed. Thereby, a robust and novel material, namely "polythiophene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with lateral amino groups" (PT-NH2-g-PEG) hybrid conducting polymer was synthesized via Suzuki condensation polymerization and characterized with (1)H NMR analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. PT-NH2-g-PEG architecture was then applied as an immobilization matrix to accomplish extended biosensing function. In a typical process, Laccase was utilized as a model enzyme for the detection of phenolic compounds. Detailed surface characterization of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac was performed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Optimum pH and polymer amount were found to be pH 6.5 and 0.5 mg polymer, respectively, with the linear range of 0.0025-0.05 mM and 132.45 μA/mM sensitivity. The kinetic parameters of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac are 0.026 mM for Km(app) and 7.38 μA for Imax, respectively. Furthermore, the PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac biofilm was retained 82% of its activity for 12 days indicating excellent recovery as tested with artificial wastewater.

The reported studies related to black seed oil (BSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) have illustrated that they have a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, enhancing the amount of bio-active compounds that caused higher cell based anti-oxidative effect as well as cell proliferation, etc. in seed oils, infusion of crude plant material has been gained importance as a traditional technique. Herein, we accomplished the infusion of Calendula flowers that also contains many phyto-constituents into BSO and WGO. After the infusion of oils, the change of phytochemical amount was investigated and evaluated according to the oils by chromatography, radical scavenging activity. Subsequently, for investigating the biological impact upon live cells, cytotoxicity, cell-based antioxidant capacity, wound healing and radioprotective activity were tested with monkey kidney fibroblast like cells (Vero) and HaCaT keratinocytes. In vitro cell based experiments (wound healing and radioprotective activity) confirmed that Calendula infused BSO and WGO have greater bio-activity when compared to those plain forms. The herbal oils prepared with an effective extraction technique were incorporated into nanoemulsion systems which will be then called as 'Phyto-Nanoemulsion'. After herbal oil biomolecules were encapsulated into nanoemulsion based delivery systems, the designed formulations were investigated in terms of biological activities. In conclusion, these preparations could be a good candidate as a part of dermal cosmetic products or food supplements which have the therapeutic efficiency, especially after radio- or chemotherapy.

Herbal compounds, so-called phytoconstituents, illustrate poor absorption by living cells. Phytosomes are advanced form of herbal compounds that show higher absorption rate and bioavailability, which results better than conventional plant extracts. Niosomes, which are made of nonionic surfactants, create better chemical and stability conditions besides lipid vesicles. This study covers the preparation, characterization and cell culture applications of phyto-niosomes of Marigold extract. Before the encapsulation process, extracts of selected plants were prepared and the extract that presents best bioactivity was chosen. The resulting phyto-niosomes were characterized and their biological activities including cytotoxicity, wound healing and antioxidant activity were investigated.

N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)-capped poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-polycaprolactone block copolymer (PMMA-b-PCL-NAC) was prepared using the previously described one-pot photoinduced sequential CuAAC/thiol-ene double click procedure. PMMA-b-PCL-NAC had previously shown good applicability as a matrix for cell adhesion of cells from the Vero cell line (African green monkey kidney epithelial). Here, in this work, PMMA-b-PCL-NAC served as an excellent immobilization matrix for biomolecule conjugation. Covalent binding of RGD (R: arginine, G: glycine, and D: aspartic acid) peptide sequence onto the PMMA-b-PCL-NAC-coated surface was performed via EDC chemistry. RGD-modified PMMA-b-PCL-NAC (PMMA-b-PCL-NAC-RGD) as a non-toxic cell proliferation platform was used for selective "integrin αvβ3-mediated cell adhesion and biosensing studies. Both optical and electrochemical techniques were used to monitor the adhesion differences between "integrin αvβ3" receptor positive and negative cell lines on to the designed biofunctional surfaces.

2-s2.0-85055930824, Because of the great achievement and progress made for the generation of novel nanostructures, theranostic nanoplatforms have been the trending topic because of their intensive capability of therapy and diagnosis. Hence, theranostics have also recently been a generic strategy for personalized medicine. Moreover, traditional therapy modalities limit the use of chemotherapeutic agents for every patient, and this requires more effective drug-carrier systems by designing the formulation of drug in a specified way. Herein, we performed a generic theranostic platform in an "all-in-one" concept by the combination of two therapy modalities with an active targeting approach. To achieve this, 10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were encapsulated into folic acid (FA-)tagged niosome vesicles. The resulting AuNP-PpIX-FA niosomes were characterized, and their particle size was93 ± 17 nm with a high surface charge and encapsulation efficiency (around 85%). In the case of bioapplications for AuNP-PpIX-FA niosomes, folate-receptor-positive [FR(+)] human cervical cancer (HeLa) and FR-negative [FR(-)] human alveolar type II (A549)-like cell lines were examined with the relative control groups of theranostic vesicles. By testing the toxicity of vesicles, nontoxic concentrations were successfully introduced to the cell with the combined treatment of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. On the other hand, the cellular uptake of niosomes also showed great potential for FR(+) HeLa cells as the theranostic platform with an all-in-one approach. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society.

Let p and q be integers such that 2 ≤ p ≤ q; p + q > 4 and let Hp,q be the generalized Hecke group associated to p and q: The generalized Hecke group Hp,q is generated by X(z) = -(z-λp)-1 and Y (z) = -(z+ λq)-1 where λp = 2 cos ≤ π/p and λq = 2 cos π/q . The extended generalized Hecke group H̅p,q is obtained by adding the reection R(z) = 1/z̅ to the generators of generalized Hecke group Hp,q: In this paper, we study the commutator subgroups of generalized Hecke groups Hp,q and extended generalized Hecke groups H̅p,q.

Objective: High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical treatment method applied for isolated-medial gonarthrosis. Successful re- sults were reported in different studies. We have evaluated the satisfaction levels of the patients and the clinical results of HTO. Materials and Methods: Ninety-nine patients who underwent open wedge osteotomy as the surgical treatment of medial gon- arthrosis between the years 2002 and 2006 were included in our study. The mean age at the time of surgery was 54.9 years, and the mean follow-up time was 6.8 years. Results: Patients were asked whether they were satisfied with the operation or not; 41 of them (41.4%) were completely satis- fied, 30 patients (30.3%) were partially satisfied, and 28 of them (28.3%) were dissatisfied. Fifteen patients (15.1%) underwent secondary total knee arthroplasty. and for 2 other patients, arthroplasty was planned. When patients were asked whether they would recommend HTO to others, 74 of them (74.7%) said they would, but 25 patients (25.3%) said they would not. Conclusion: High tibial osteotomy is a very successful surgical treatment. However, patient satisfaction levels may not be as high as expected. In this regard, when assessing the clinical outcomes of HTO, better methods that include the patients' feedback should be taken into consideration.

A novel scaffold material based on a novel targeting strategy has been developed, benefiting from recent progress in the development of fluorescent bioprobes. This concept suggests that several specifications which are desired for cancer cell targeting and imaging studies can be satisfied at the same time in one multifunctional scaffold. Besides, such scaffolds exhibit multi-colour properties when combined with a targeting moiety. For this purpose, a fluorescent and functional monomer, 3-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)phenol (PIP) and an antibody labelling kit (CF555) were merged on the same scaffold to generate the proposed bioprobe. This design offers multicolour cell images by emitting at dual wavelengths with no quenching in its fluorescent property. Also, pendant alcohol groups in the structure of PIP enable covalent attachment to labelled protein, CF555/anti-CD44 in order to enhance the biological activity and specificity towards the target. After combining with the targeting moiety, the bioconjugate was characterized, tested for in vitro studies, and the cellular internalization was monitored in live cells via the fluorescence microscope technique. The present work with such a strategy explores the potential use of the proposed fluorescent probe for the first time. The aim is to achieve targeted imaging of CD44 positive U87-MG cancer cells and determine specific cellular labelling via fluorescence imaging and flow cytometry experiments.

WOS: 000356801300099 A novel electrochemical cytosensor was developed based on PAMAM and a folic acid (FA) modified glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) where HeLa cells were utilized as model cancer cells. For this purpose, gold nanoparticles (AuNp), cysteamin (Cys), glutaraldehyde (Glu), PAMAM and FA were immobilized onto the GCPE respectively. After the characterization of the GCPE/AuNp/Cys/Glu/PAMAM/FA cytosensor and optimization of the experimental parameters, analytical characteristics were examined. The linear range was found between 10(2) cells per mL and 10(6) cells per mL. The LOD value was calculated as 100 cells per mL with RSD value of 1.55% (for 5.0 x 10(4) HeLa cells per mL (n = 3)). The selectivity of the GCPE/AuNp/Cys/Glu/PAMAM/FA cytosensor was tested by using the folate negative cell line A549. The cytosensor's performance was also compared with similar previous studies. As a result, a selective, sensitive and practical system was developed.

In the present study, two amphiphilic star-hyperbranched copolymers based on poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PMMA-b-PHEMA), with different hydrophilic PHEMA segment contents (PMMA-b-PHEMA-1, and PMMA-b-PHEMA-2), were synthesized, and their drug loading and release profiles were examined using Paclitaxel (PTX) as a model drug. The drug loading capacities and encapsulation efficiencies were found to be similar in both polymers. The encapsulation efficiencies were found to be prominent at 98% and 98.5% for PMMA-b-PHEMA-1 and PMMA-b-PHEMA-2, respectively. On the other hand, the drug release behaviors varied in favor of the block copolymer comprising shorter PHEMA chains (PMMA-b-PHEMA-1). Additionally, to assess the biological effects of PTX-loaded polymers, human non-small cell lung carcinoma (A549) cells were used. Cell viability and cell cycle analysis showed that both polymers were non-toxic to cells. The cytotoxic effect of PTX-loaded PMMA-b-PHEMA-1 on A 549 cells was greater (66.49% cell viability at 5.0 ng mL(-1) PTX) than that of PMMA-b-PHEMA-2 (72.47% cell viability at 5.0 ng mL(-1) PTX), consistent with the drug release experiments.

WOS: 000403656900001, PubMed: 28617182, Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and radiological results of simultaneous bilateral correction of genu varum with Smart frame. Methods: Between 2011 and 2015, a total of 25 patients (10 females, 15 males) who had bilateral genu varum deformity were operated bilaterally with tibial and fibular osteotomy in the same session, using Smart frame. The mean follow-up period was 28.7 (range, 13-45) months. All patients had bilateral tibial varus deformity. Femoral deformity was corrected in an earlier session in nine patients. Mechanical axis deviation (MAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) and posterior proximal tibial angle (PPTA) were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Short Form-36 questionnaire was filled by the patients preoperatively and during the last follow-up. Results: The mean preoperative MAD was 37.6 mm (range, 9-98 mm), which improved to 8.4 mm (range, 3-44 mm) postoperatively (p < 0.05). The mean preoperative mMPTA was 76 degrees, which improved to 89 degrees (p < 0.05). The mean preoperative PPTA was 75.5 degrees, which improved to 80.3 (p < 0.05). Ten problems (20%), two obstacles (4%) and no sequelae occurred in 50 legs of 25 patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, Smart frame is an accurate and reliable method for performing bilateral simultaneous deformity correction in patients with bilateral genu varum deformity. It can be applied for various childhood-induced severe tibial deformities such as achondroplasia, rickets, skeletal dysplasia and Blount's disease.

A novel and efficient approach for the preparation of enriched herbal formulations was described and their potential applications including wound healing and antioxidant activity (cell based and cell free) were investigated via in vitro cell culture studies. Nigella sativa oil was enriched with Calendula officinalis extract and lipoic acid capped gold nanoparticles (AuNP-LA) using nanoemulsion systems. The combination of these bio-active compounds was used to design oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) emulsions. The resulted emulsions were characterized by particle size measurements. The phenolic content of each nanoemulsion was examined by using both colorimetric assay and chromatographic analyses. Two different methods containing cell free chemical assay (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method) and cell based antioxidant activity test were used to evaluate the antioxidant capacities. In order to investigate the bio-activities of the herbal formulations, in vitro cell culture experiments, including cytotoxicity, scratch assay, antioxidant activity and cell proliferation were carried out using Vero cell line as a model cell line. Furthermore, to monitor localization of the nanoemulsions after application of the cell culture, the cell images were monitored via fluorescence microscope after FITC labeling. All data confirmed that the enriched N. sativa formulations exhibited better antioxidant and wound healing activity than N. sativa emulsion without any enrichment. In conclusion, the incorporation of AuNP-LA and C. officinalis extract into the N. sativa emulsions significantly increased the bio-activities. The present work may support further studies about using the other bio-active agents for the enrichment of herbal preparations to strengthen their activities.

Present study reports the use of a glassy carbon electrode modified with manganese oxide decorated with platinum nanoparticles (Pt-MnOx/GCE) for electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen dissolved in buffer solution. The electrode exhibits better electrocatalytic activity toward oxygen reduction than bulk platinum due to larger surface area of manganese oxide which also prevents agglomeration of platinum nanoparticles. Best results were obtained with the electrode modified by cycling the potential in a range of -0.25-1.05 V for five times in a cell containing 1.0 mM K2PtCl6 and 0.1 M MnSO4 in 0.01 M H2SO4 solution. Then, the electrode developed was utilized as a biosensing platform for the monitoring of oxygen consumption due to the bie-catalytic activity of pyranose oxidase. In the pursuit of a stable and rapid response the biocomponent was bridged with an ionic liquid namely 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexaflourophosphate. Chronoamperometric measurement of oxygen at 0.2 V gave 0.010-0.100 mM linear range with a detection limit of 2.0 mu M and sensitivity of 6.1 nA mu M-1 under optimized conditions. In addition, ionic liquid provides a conductive environment which shortens the response time to 3 s for low concentrations. Overall results indicated that fabricated biosensor is a good candidate for automated systems. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological results of patients presenting older than eight years and treated with Salter osteotomy for Perthes disease. Method Seventeen patients (18 hips) with late presentation of Perthes disease treated with Salter osteotomy. Sixteen males were identified. The average age of patients was 8.8 years (range 8-12). Preoperation radiographs were analysed for lateral pillar staging, centre-periphery (CP) angle, Sharp acetabular index, acetabular depth index, acetabular covering percentage and Cross-over sign. Final follow-up radiograph were classified using modified Stulberg grade. Results The average follow-up of the patients was 78 months (range 40-104). During the surgery, seven hips were found to be lateral pillar grade B, three hips grade B/C and 8 hips grade C. In the final examination, 10 hips were evaluated as good (Stulberg 1 or 2), seven as medium (Stulberg 3) and one as bad (Stulberg 4). There was shortening in four patients who were all either Stulberg stage 3 or 4. A meaningful difference was detected between the pre-operation and post-operation radiographic values, regardless of the surgical staging. However, no statistical difference was found between the patients in Stulberg stage 3 or 4 and stage 1 or 2 for radiographic variables. Conclusion Salter osteotomy can be used to treat older patients with lateral pillar stage B, B/C and C at presentation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the differences, if any, between application parameters for the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) system obtained during surgery under fluoroscopy and after surgery from digital radiography.Methods: This retrospective study included 17 extremities of 15 patients (8 male, 7 female; mean age: 21.9 years, range: 10 to 55 years) who underwent TSF after deformity and fracture. Application parameters measured by fluoroscopy at the end of surgery after mounting the fixator were compared with parameters obtained from anteroposterior and lateral digital radiographs taken 1 day after surgery.Results: Fixator was applied to the femur in 8 patients, tibia in 6 and radius in 3. Mean time to removal of the frame was 3.5 (range: 3 to 7) months. Mean perioperative anteroposterior, lateral and axial frame offsets of patients were 9.1 (range: 3 to 20) mm, 18.1 (range: 5 to 37) mm and 95.3 (range: 25 to 155) mm, respectively. Mean postoperative anteroposterior, lateral and axial frame offset radiographs were 11.8 (range: 2 to 30) mm, 18 (range: 6 to 47) mm and 109.5 (range: 28 to 195) mm, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Conclusion: While measurements taken during operation may lengthen the duration in the operation room, fluoroscopy may provide better images and is easier to perform than digital radiography. On the other hand, there is no difference between measurements taken during perioperative fluoroscopy and postoperative digital radiography.., Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı cerrahi sırasında floroskopi altında ölçülen Taylor Uzaysal Çerçeve (Taylor Spatial Frame, TSF) uygulama parametreleri ile cerrahi sonrası dijital radyografide ölçülen parametreler arasında fark olup olmadığının belirlenmesi idi.Çalışma planı: Bu retrospektif çalışmaya, deformite ve kırık sonrası TSF uygulanmış 15 hastanın (8 erkek, 7 kadın; ortalama yaş: 21.9, dağılım: 10-55) 17 ekstremitesi dahil edildi. Fiksatör kurulduktan sonra cerrahi sonunda floroskopi altında ölçülen uygulama parametreleri ile cerrahi sonrası ilk gün çekilen dijital ön-arka ve yan grafilerde yapılan ölçümler karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Fiksatör, hastaların 8’inde femura, 6’sında tibiaya ve 3’ünde de radiusa uygulandı. Fiksatörün ekstremitede kalma süresi ortalama 3.5 (dağılım: 3-7) ay olarak saptandı. Hastaların cerrahi sırasındaki ortalama ön-arka çerçeve ofseti 9.1 (dağılım: 3-20) mm, yan çerçeve ofseti 18.1 (dağılım: 5-37) mm ve aksiyel çerçeve ofseti 95.3 (dağılım: 25-155) mm olarak ölçüldü. Cerrahi sonrası çekilen radyografilerde ise ortalama ön-arka çerçeve ofseti 11.8 (dağılım: 2-30) mm, yan çerçeve ofseti 18 (dağılım: 6-47) mm ve aksiyel çerçeve ofseti 109.5 (dağılım: 28-195) mm olarak belirlendi. Gruplar arasında anlamlı istatistiksel fark saptanmadı (p>0.05).Çıkarımlar: Cerrahi sırasında yapılan ölçümler cerrahi süresini uzatmakla birlikte, floroskopi altında daha iyi görüntü alınabilmekte ve uygulaması dijital radyografiye göre daha kolay olmaktadır. Öte yandan, cerrahi sırasında floroskopi ve cerrahi sonrası dijital radyografi ölçümleri arasında bir fark olmadığı görülmüştür.