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Abstract Background High-risk strains of HPV are known to cause cervical cancer. Multiple clinical studies have emphasized that smoking and drinking are critical risk factors for cervical cancer and its high-grade precursors. In this study, we investigated if smoking and/or drinking augment the molecular mechanisms of cervical carcinogenesis and defined a potential therapeutic approach for their attenuation. Methods The impact of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and/or ethanol (EtOH) exposure on cervical cancer cells was assessed by measuring changes in their cell migration and invasion characteristics. Expression of HPV16 E6/E7, NF-κB, cytokines, and inflammation mediators was determined using qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, ELISA, luciferase reporter assay, and confocal microscopy. Herein, we used curcumin (Cur), and PLGA nanoparticle formulation of curcumin (PLGA-Cur) and determined effectiveness of free Cur and PLGA-Cur formulation on smoking and drinking activated NF-κB/IL-6 mediated inflammatory signaling pathways using in vitro cervical cancer models. Results Treatments with B[a]P and/or EtOH altered the expression of HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes and EMT markers in cervical cancer cells; it also enhanced migration and invasion. In addition, B[a]P and/or EtOH exposure promoted inflammation pathways through TNF-α and NF-κB signaling, leading to IL-6 upregulation and activation of VEGF. The molecular effects caused by B[a]P and/or EtOH exposure were effectively attenuated by curcumin (Cur)/PLGA-Cur treatment. Conclusions These data suggest a molecular link between smoking, drinking, and HPV infectivity in cervical carcinogenesis. In addition, attenuation of these effects by treatment with Cur/PLGA-Cur treatment, implies the role of curcumin in cervical cancer prevention and treatment.

The application of extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes (EXs), is rapidly expanding in the field of medicine, owing to their remarkable properties as natural carriers of biological cargo. This study investigates utilization of exosomes derived from stromal cells of tumor adjacent normal tissues (NAF-EXs) for personalized medicine, which can be derived at the time of diagnosis by endoscopic ultrasound. Herein, we show that exosomes (EXs) derived from NAFs demonstrate differential bio-physical characteristics, efficient cellular internalization, drug loading efficiency, pancreatic tumor targeting and delivery of payloads. NAF-derived EXs (NAF-EXs) were used for loading ormeloxifene (ORM), a potent anti-cancer and desmoplasia inhibitor as a model drug. We found that ORM maintains normal fibroblast cell phenotype and renders them incompatible to be triggered for a CAF-like phenotype, which may be due to regulation of Ca2+ influx in fibroblast cells. NAF-EXs-ORM effectively blocked oncogenic signaling pathways involved in desmoplasia and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and repressed tumor growth in xenograft mouse model. In conclusion, our data suggests preferential tropism of NAF-EXs for PDAC tumors, thus imply feasibility of developing a novel personalized medicine for PDAC patients using autologous NAF-EXs for improved therapeutic outcome of anti-cancer drugs. Additionally, it provides the opportunity of utilizing this biological scaffold for effective therapeutics in combination with standard therapeutic regimen.

The probiotic-derived siderophore, ferrichrome, enhances anti-tumor immunity and improves the efficacy of checkpoint immunotherapy in a model of pancreatic cancer by repolarizing tumor-associated macrophages to a immunostimulatory M1 phenotype.

Marriage Is One Of The human bonds of great sanctity. Thus Marriage And The Consequent Aim which Is Establishing A family , has become one of the most important pillars of the establishment of societies . but when the marital life loses the most important pillar of its resurrection , which is affection and mercy between the spouses the crack in this entity of human bond begins to increase with the passage of time so that the matter of ending this marriage becomes the right solution to avoid what is harmful and ends in divorce . The research on the reasons leading to divorce is extremely important as knowing the cause of the problem is the first step in treating it and limiting its spread . Also , identifying the causes of divorce is an extremely difficult matter , And accumulation is known , as it is known that divorce does not come for On reason

The research dealt with the development strategy of agricultural activity in Barwana area to improve the reality of the agricultural sector in its branches (plant and animal). On the existence of surface water and groundwater suitable for irrigation of this land, either the potential of mankind was the existence of a working age group active enough to develop agricultural activity, which represents the only guarantee for the success of agricultural development in the region. With the development of strategies for the development of agricultural activity (plant and animal) and the research ended with several conclusions and recommendations, through which to help the actors in the judiciary or the region to advance the agricultural reality more.

Salman Yousuf Guraya,1 Mona Faisal Al-Qahtani,2 B Bilal,3 Shaista Salman Guraya,4 Hamdi Almaramhy51Surgery Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; 2Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3School of Accountancy, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 5Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Medina, Saudi ArabiaObjectives: Although use of social networking sites (SNSs) for fun and leisure is escalating, educational use of SNSs by students is low. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data about the use of SNSs by students from different faculties. This study compared patterns and extent of use of SNSs among medical and nonmedical university students.Methods: A 21-statement questionnaire was administered to the students of medical colleges of two Saudi universities and nonmedical students of two Chinese universities. Demographic data, nature of SNSs, and strategies used for sharing knowledge were collected and analyzed.Results: Of 2,350 respondents, 92% used SNSs for various reasons. Overall, 624 (26.6%) students used SNSs for education and found these sites to be useful (P=0). Educational use of SNSs was significantly higher in medical than nonmedical students (P=0). However, nonmedical students found SNSs more useful for social connections than medical students, with mean rankings of 1,328 and 978, respectively. WhatsApp use was significantly greater among medical students, while WeChat was more popular with nonmedical students (P=0).Conclusion: This study reports low use of SNSs for education by university students. For sharing knowledge, WhatsApp was more popular among medical students and WeChat for nonmedical students. This research demands educational reforms that can uniformly embed the use of social media in teaching and learning pedagogies across disciplines.Keywords: social networking sites, Facebook, Twitter, Flickr, WeChat, education

The goal of this investigation was to develop and demonstrate a polymer/paclitaxel self-assembly (PTX-SA) formulation. Polymer/PTX-SAs were screened based on smaller size of formulation using dynamic light scattering analysis. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhibited that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based PTX-SAs (PVP/PTX-SAs) had superior cellular internalization capability in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The optimized PVP/PTX-SAs exhibited less toxicity to human red blood cells indicating a suitable formulation for reducing systemic toxicity. The formation of PVP and PTX self-assemblies was confirmed using fluorescence quenching and transmission electron microscopy which indicated that the PVP/PTX-SAs were spherical in shape with an average size range of 53.81 nm as detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). FTIR spectral analysis demonstrates incorporation of polymer and paclitaxel functional groups in PVP/PTX-SAs. Both proliferation (MTS) and clonogenic (colony formation) assays were used to validate superior anticancer activity of PVP/PTX-SAs in breast cancer cells over paclitaxel. Such superior anticancer activity was also demonstrated by downregulation of the expression of pro-survival protein (Bcl-xL), upregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins (Bid, Bax, cleaved caspase 7, and cleaved PARP) and β-tubulin stabilization. These results support the hypothesis that PVP/PTX-SAs improved paclitaxel delivery to cancer cells. KEY WORDS: Drug delivery, Nanoparticles, Self-assemblies, Polymer, Cancer therapeutics, Breast cancer

Pancreatic cancer has the worst prognosis and lowest survival rate among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer cells are highly metabolically active and typically reprogrammed for aberrant glucose metabolism; thus they respond poorly to therapeutic modalities. It is highly imperative to understand mechanisms that are responsible for high glucose metabolism and identify natural/synthetic agents that can repress glucose metabolic machinery in pancreatic cancer cells, to improve the therapeutic outcomes/management of pancreatic cancer patients. We have identified a glycoside, steviol that effectively represses glucose consumption in pancreatic cancer cells via the inhibition of the translation initiation machinery of the molecular components. Herein, we report that steviol effectively inhibits the glucose uptake and lactate production in pancreatic cancer cells (AsPC1 and HPAF-II). The growth, colonization, and invasion characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells were also determined by in vitro functional assay. Steviol treatment also inhibited the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of human pancreatic cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G1/M phase. The metabolic shift by steviol was mediated through the repression of the phosphorylation of mTOR and translation initiation proteins (4E-BP1, eIF4e, eIF4B, and eIF4G). Overall, the results of this study suggest that steviol can effectively suppress the glucose metabolism and translation initiation in pancreatic cancer cells to mitigate their aggressiveness. This study might help in the design of newer combination therapeutic strategies for pancreatic cancer treatment.

Composted organic materials are applied to help restore disturbed soils, speed revegetation, and control erosion; these changes are generally beneficial for stormwater quality. Ensuring that nutrient release from compost is adequate for plant needs without degrading stormwater quality is important since composts release nitrogen at variable rates (1–3% of total N/yr) and the leaching process can extend for many years. The aim of this work was to understand the effect of compost age on the extent and rates of nitrogen release by conducting detailed rainfall simulation studies of one compost type at three different ages. Models describing temporal changes in nitrogen release to runoff during a single storm and across multiple storms were developed and applied to the runoff data. Nitrogen content (%) and bulk density of compost increased with the increase in compost age and total nitrogen release decreased with increasing compost age. The three rain simulations (storms) performed on each of the three compost ages show that nitrogen release declined each day of the repeated daily storms. A first-order kinetic model was used to estimate the amount of nitrogen remaining on compost after several storms.

Salman Yousuf Guraya,1 Mona Faisal Al-Qahtani,2 B Bilal,3 Shaista Salman Guraya,4 Hamdi Almaramhy51Surgery Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE; 2Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3School of Accountancy, Hubei University of Economics, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China; 4Medical Education Unit, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 5Pediatric Surgery, College of Medicine, Taibah University Almadinah Almunawwarah, Medina, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Salman Yousuf GurayaSurgery Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Building M-27 PO Box 27272, Sharjah, UAEEmail salmanguraya@gmail.comWe are glad to respond to the letter to the editor and acknowledge the interest of the readers in my publication. As literature has rightly signaled an escalating rise in the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for social interactions, information exchange, fun, and leisure, there is a disproportionate rise in SNSs usage by university students for education. Ameta-analysis has shown that although approximately 75% of the medical and health science students used SNSs for several purposes, only 20% of them used SNSs for education.1 This study strongly stressed the need to incorporate SNSs in all instructional strategies of the medical curricula along with rigorous training of the students and academics. Probing the educational use of SNSs by the medical students, another study used the validated inventory of Social networking Sites in Medical Education and estimated the extent and nature of the use of SNSs.2 This study reported that though 1181 (90%) students used SNSs, only 442/1181 (37%, p

This review covers recent findings on the main categories of thyroid hormone–disrupting chemicals and their effects on brain development. We draw mostly on epidemiological and experimental data published in the last decade. For each chemical class considered, we deal with not only the thyroid hormone–disrupting effects but also briefly mention the main mechanisms by which the same chemicals could modify estrogen and/or androgen signalling, thereby exacerbating adverse effects on endocrine-dependent developmental programmes. Further, we emphasize recent data showing how maternal thyroid hormone signalling during early pregnancy affects not only offspring IQ, but also neurodevelopmental disease risk. These recent findings add to established knowledge on the crucial importance of iodine and thyroid hormone for optimal brain development. We propose that prenatal exposure to mixtures of thyroid hormone–disrupting chemicals provides a plausible biological mechanism contributing to current increases in the incidence of neurodevelopmental disease and IQ loss.

Introduction: The extensive use of the insecticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) throughout the world has brought increased scrutiny on its environmental and health impact. CPF is a cholinergic neurotoxicant; however, exposure to low noncholinergic doses is associated with numerous neurodevelopmental effects in animal models. In this study, we aimed to assess CPF for its potential to disrupt thyroid hormone signalling and investigate the short- and long-term effects on neurodevelopment by using Xenopus laevis. Methods: The thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting potential of CPF was assessed using TH-sensitive transgenic Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The consequences of early embryonic exposure were examined by exposing fertilized eggs for 72 h to environmentally relevant CPF concentrations (10−10 M and 10−8 M). Three endpoints were evaluated: (1) gene expression in whole embryonic brains immediately after exposure, (2) mobility and brain morphology 1 week after exposure, and (3) brain morphology and axon diameters at the end of metamorphosis (2 months after the exposure). Results: CPF disrupted TH signalling in Tg(thibz:eGFP) tadpoles. The expression of genes klf9, cntn4, oatp1c1, and tubb2b was downregulated in response to CPF. Tadpoles exposed to CPF exhibited increased mobility and altered brain morphology compared to control tadpoles. Early embryonic exposure of CPF affected myelinated axon diameter, with exposed animals exhibiting shifted frequency distributions of myelinated axons diameters towards smaller diameters in the hindbrain of froglets. Discussion/Conclusion: This study provides more evidence of the endocrine and neurodevelopment disrupting activity of CPF. Further experimental and epidemiological studies are warranted to determine the long-term consequences of early CPF exposure on brain development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction/purpose: Anomaly detection-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) have emerged as a valuable tool, particularly in military fields, for protecting networks against cyberattacks, specifically focusing on Netflow data, to identify normal and abnormal patterns. This study investigates the effectiveness of anomaly-based machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models in NIDSs using the publicly available NF-UQ-NIDS dataset, which utilizes Netflow data, with the aim of enhancing network protection. Methods: The authors Sarhan, M., Layeghy, S., Moustafa, N. and Portmann, M. in the conference paper Big Data Technologies and Applications, in 2021, involve a preprocessing step where 8 features are selected for the training phase out of the 12 available features. Notably, the IP source and destination addresses, as well as their associated ports, are specifically excluded. The novelty of this paper lies in the preprocessing of the excluded features and their inclusion in the training phase, employing various classification ML and DL algorithms such as ExtraTrees, ANN, simple CNN, and VGG16 for binary classification. Results: The performance of the classification models is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, recall, etc., which provide a comprehensive analysis of the obtained results. The results show that the ExtraTrees ML model outperforms all other models when using our preprocessing features, achieving a classification accuracy of 99.09%, compared to 97.25% in the reference dataset. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of anomalybased ML and DL models in NIDSs using Netflow data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study presents an initial exploration of the phytochemical composition and biological properties of Salsola foetida, a wild plant native to southeastern Algeria. The investigation encompassed an analysis of the biochemical content, phytochemical profile, and bioactivity of the plant’s aerial parts. The biomass of S. foetida was found to comprise 51.2 ± 0.4% ash, with elemental analysis revealing the presence of carbon, oxygen, calcium, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium, and sulfur. Carbohydrates were identified as the predominant constituents, surpassing the levels of proteins and lipids. Phytochemical screening, coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) analysis, confirmed the presence of various secondary metabolites, including alkaloids and phenols. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) analysis further delineated a spectrum of phenolic compounds, with rutin emerging as the predominant compound at 1.59 µg/ml. Quantification revealed a noteworthy phenolic content of 67.1 ± 0.2 µg GE/mg ED. The extract exhibited robust radical scavenging effects, with the radical 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) being 61.8 ± 0.2 μg/ml, along with protective effects against H2O2-induced hemolysis and the ability to reduce ferric ions. Additionally, the extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Notably, it exhibited considerable sunscreen properties, boasting a sun protected factor (SPF) value of 21 ± 1. Overall, S. foetida presents promising antioxidant activity and a spectrum of potential biological activities, underscoring its significance as a novel antioxidant candidate for applications in animal nutrition, medicine, and natural product research.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that has affected millions of people worldwide. The current treatments for diabetes, such as insulin therapy and oral medications, have limitations, including adverse effects and high costs. Therefore, there is a need for new and effective treatments for diabetes. Recent studies have shown that plants from the Chenopodiaceae family have anti-diabetic properties. In this study, we have identified 22 plants from the Chenopodiaceae family that have been reported to have anti-diabetic properties. These plants contain various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenols that have been shown to have anti-diabetic effects. Some of these compounds can enhance insulin secretion, improve glucose uptake, and reduce blood glucose levels. The anti-diabetic properties of these plants have been investigated in vitro and in vivo studies, and the results are promising. Several of these plants have been shown to reduce blood glucose levels in animal models of diabetes significantly. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that plants from the Chenopodiaceae family have potential as safe and effective treatment options for diabetes. Further research is needed to fully understand these plants’ mechanisms of action and safety profile. However, these findings provide a promising avenue for developing new anti-diabetic drugs from natural sources. Specifically, I’ve outlined three significant mechanisms: stimulation of insulin secretion, enhancement of glucose uptake, and inhibition of gluconeogenesis, all of which are attributed to the bioactive compounds found in Chenopodiaceae medicinal plants.

Study Design A fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3D)-printed model of the L4–5 vertebra for lumbar discectomy was designed. The model included separately printed dura mater, spinal cord, ligamentum flavum, intervertebral disc (from thermoplastic polyurethane), and bony structures (from polylactic acid), and the material cost approximately US$ 1 per model. A simple plumbing endoscope was used for visualization. Dura mater injury was assessed by painting two layers on the dura mater, which peeled off with trauma. Purpose Endoscopic spine surgery is a subject of high interest in neurosurgery given its minimally invasive nature; however, it has a steep learning curve. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a cost-efficient 3D-printed model when teaching this technique to neurosurgery residents. Overview of Literature Only a few studies have investigated the efficacy of such a model. Methods Eight residents with >2 years of training participated. Residents performed the procedure bilaterally and twice at 1-week intervals. Results From the 32 surgeries, four were excluded because of facet removal (as it widened the surgical corridor), leaving 28 surgeries for analysis. Initial surgeries demonstrated a mean operation time of 21 minutes 18 seconds (standard deviation [SD], 2 minutes 32 seconds), which improved to a mean of 6 minutes 45 seconds (SD, 37 seconds) in the fourth surgery (F(3, 17)=19.18, p

This retrospective observational study was conducted in Libya to examine the frequency and determinants of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) among hospitalised haemodialysis inpatients between January 2018 and June 2020. The study highlighted a notable prevalence of DDIs among HD patients, with a prevalence rate of 71.1%. Regarding the identification of DDI predictors and their correlations with extended hospital stays and polypharmacy, regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors and outcomes. The study found that DDIs were associated with prolonged hospital stays and were independently linked to polypharmacy in HD patients. Furthermore, a significant clinical impact of DDIs on HD patients was observed, particularly in relation to in-hospital mortality.