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1. Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Mobile Networks: An Industry R&D Perspective

Author

Sode, Maik, Ponschab, Michael, Ribeiro, Lucas N., Haesloop, Sven, Tohidi, Ehsan, Peter, Michael, Stańczak, Sławomir, Mohamed, Bilal H., Keusgen, Wilhelm, Mellein, Heinz, Yassin, Eslam, and Schroeder, Bernd

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

The reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology is a potential solution to enhance network capacity and coverage without significant investment in additional infrastructure in 6G networks. This work highlights the interest of the mobile communication industry in RIS, and discusses the development of liquid crystal-based RIS for improved energy efficiency and coverage in the millimeter-wave band. Furthermore, the paper discusses perspectives and insights from an industry R&D point of view, addressing relevant use cases, technical requirements, implementation challenges, and practical considerations for RIS deployment optimization in the context of 6G networks. A hardware design of an RIS with liquid crystal at 28 GHz is presented. A propagation model for RIS as a new part of the system architecture is discussed, with approaches of semi-empirical models, geometric models, and their combination through the application of artificial intelligence/machine learning. Finally, a channel model for deployment optimization and dimensioning is presented, with the findings that a rather large RIS is favorable for coverage improvement, as well as greater attenuation at higher frequencies combined with a smaller RIS size., Comment: Published in IEEE Access

Published
2024
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7. Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor of the kidney: A case report in elderly male patient

Author

Mohammad Al-zubi, Mohammad A. Kraishan, Bilal H. Abu Zaied, Thaher Salman, William GH. Maaiah, and Omar R. Atoom

Subjects
Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, Ultrasound, Kidney, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Mixed epithelial and stromal tumor (MEST) is very rare neoplasm of the kidney, commonly affecting women at menopausal age. MEST is usually considered a benign tumor with low risk of local recurrence or distance metastases. Our case presents a case of a 66 years old male patient with a complex cystic lesion of the left kidney incidentally diagnosed on urinary tract computerized scan (CT) performed for other reasons. The patient underwent a radical nephrectomy. The pathology report came back as MEST of the kidney. The present case report highlights the asymptomatic presentation of MEST as a benign renal masses.

Published
2024
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12. Synthesis, pharmacological evaluation, and in silico study of new 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones as antibacterial and anticancer agents

Author

Ahmed Mutanabbi Abdula, Ghosoun Lafta Mohsen, Bilal H. Jasim, Majid S. Jabir, Abduljabbar I.R. Rushdi, and Younis Baqi

Subjects
Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Breast cancer, Chalcone, Molecular docking, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

New 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones were synthesized, characterized and pharmacologically evaluated as antibacterial and anticancer agents against two bacterial species; Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes) and Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). All tested final compounds were active against the two bacterial species; S. pyogenes and P. aeruginosa. Especially compound AM4 showed large inhibition zone (27.13 and 23.30 mm), respectively. Using the DPPH assay, the new chalcones were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity and found to reach up to 90 %, accomplished at a test concentration of 200 μg/mL. Furthermore, the chalcone derivatives were investigated against two breast cell lines; MCF-7 (cancerous) and MCF-10A (non-cancerous). Compound AM4 showed potent anticancer activity (IC50 = 19.354 μg/mL) in comparison to the other tested chalcone derivatives. In silico study was achieved using the PyRx AutoDock Vina software (0.8) to study the interaction types between the new hits and the binding sites of targeted proteins; glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase and tubulin, the target for antibacterial and anticancer drugs, respectively. Based on the molecular docking results the tested chalcones bind to the active pocket of the respective proteins, which support the in vitro results. In conclusion, 3-furan-1-thiophene-based chalcones could serve as new hits in the discovery of novel anticancer and/or antibacterial drugs.

Published
2024
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15. A novel optimal allocation of STATCOM to enhance voltage stability in power networks

Author

Bilal H. Al-Majali and Ahmed F. Zobaa

Subjects
Voltage stability, STATCOM, FACTS devices, MIDACO, Optimisation, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

Utilizing a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in the electrical power grid greatly improves the grid's voltage profile by enhancing voltage stability. This article proposes a novel approach based on Mixed Integer Distributed Ant Colony Optimization (MIDACO) to determine the optimal STATCOM installation in the electrical power grid. This approach has two control variables to optimize: the STATCOM size and location. This optimization aims to enhance voltage stability with minimum cost by minimizing two objectives: the voltage deviation index and the STATCOM cost. Also, this article presents a sensitivity analysis to show the stochastic nature of MIDACO and to explain the effect of MIDACO parameters on the optimization approach and the process of reaching the optimal solution. The proposed method has been evaluated on three standard test systems: IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE 118-bus. In addition, the MIDACO results are compared to those of the artificial bee colony algorithm, the genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization.

Published
2024
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17. Cryptococcosis in Southern China: Insights from a Six-Year Retrospective Study in Eastern Guangdong

Author

Bilal H, Zhang D, Shafiq M, Khan MN, Chen C, Khan S, Wang Q, Cai L, Awais M, Hu H, and Zeng Y

Subjects
cryptococcosis, cryptococcus neoformans, epidemiology, risk factors, antifungal susceptibility, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Hazrat Bilal,1 Dongxing Zhang,2,3 Muhammad Shafiq,4 Muhammad Nadeem Khan,5 Canhua Chen,6 Sabir Khan,1 Qian Wang,1,7 Lin Cai,1 Muhammad Awais,8 Haibin Hu,9 Yuebin Zeng1,10 1Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, 515041, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Dermatology, Meizhou Dongshan Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China; 5Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; 6Clinical Laboratory, Meizhou People’s Hospital, Meizhou, Guangdong Province, 514023, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Medical-Surgical and Experimental Sciences University of Sassari Neurology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU), Sassari, Italy; 8Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, People’s Republic of China; 9The First Clinical Medical college, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 523808, People’s Republic of China; 10Department of Dermatology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610021, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuebin Zeng, Tel +8618607549813, Email zeng_yb@163.comObjective: Cryptococcosis is a fatal infection that can affect both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, and it is little understood in China’s various regions. This research aimed to look at the epidemiology, risk factors, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of Cryptococcus neoformans in eastern Guangdong, China.Methods: A six-year (2016– 2022) retrospective study was conducted at Meizhou People’s Hospital, China. Demographical, clinical, and laboratory data of cryptococcal patients were collected from hospital records and statistically analyzed using the chi-square and ANOVA tests.Results: Overall, 170 cryptococcal infections were recorded, of which meningitis accounted for 78 (45.88%), cryptococcemia for 50 (29.41%), and pneumonia for 42 (24.7%). The number of cases increased 8-fold during the study duration. The median age of patients was 58 years (Inter quartile range: 47– 66), and the high proportion of cases was from the male population (n = 121, 71.17%). The underlying diseases were identified only in 60 (35.29%) patients, of which 26 (15.29%) were severely immunocompromised, and 26 (15.29%) others were mildly immunocompromised. A statistically significant difference was reported for chronic renal failure, and anemia (p < 0.05) persisted in cases of three infection types. A high number of non-wild type (NWT) isolates were found against amphotericin B (n=13/145, 8.96%), followed by itraconazole (n=7/136, 5.15%) and voriconazole (n=4/158, 2.53%). Only six isolates (3.79%) were multidrug-resistant, four of which were from cryptococcemia patients. Compared to meningitis and pneumonia, cryptococcemia revealed a higher percentage of NWT isolates (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In high-risk populations, cryptococcal infections require ongoing monitoring and management.Keywords: cryptococcosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, epidemiology, risk factors, antifungal susceptibility

Published
2023

26. DES22: DES BASED ALGORITHM WITH IMPROVED SECURITY

Author

Malek M. Barhoush, Bilal H. Abed-Alguni, Rafat Hammad, Mohammad Al-Fawareh, and Rana N. Hassan

Subjects
data encryption standard, des, advanced encryption standard, aes, iot, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract

We live in a world where the Internet has become the backbone of most of our dealings. The Internet has turned this big planet into a small village. The internet can be reached by everyone, everywhere, and anytime. Some authors predict that the number of various types of devices capable of connecting via the Internet will reach 75.44 billion by 2025. These devices vary from low processing power processors to heavy processing power processors. It often requires the protection of mobile data between devices, these devices that have limited energy and resources require the protection technology to be adapted This paper gives complete guidelines for adapting the original Data Encryption Standard Algorithm (DES) and make it more secure and better performance than existing standard encryption algorithms, such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The proposed approach improves the original DES security by extending the key size of DES without affecting the cost of DES. The new algorithm is called DES22, and it is convenient for low processing power devices, such as wireless sensors. DES22 has three variants for key size: 128 bits, 256 bits and 512 bits. The paper also proposes another improvement to DES through random permutation and the distribution of the initial permutation and final permutation tables between the encryption and decryption algorithms. The experiment results show that DES22 is more secure and faster than AES. [JJCIT 2022; 8(1.000): 18-32]

Published
2022
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27. Pulmonary vasodilator therapy in sarcoidosis‐associated pulmonary hypertension may decrease lung function decline and mortality

Author

Shameek Gayen, Sohaib Ansari, Bilal H. Lashari, Huaqing Zhao, Gerard J. Criner, Rohit Gupta, and Albert James Mamary

Subjects
functional vital capacity, lung transplant, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary vasodilator therapy, sarcoidosis, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Abstract The efficacy of treating sarcoidosis‐associated pulmonary hypertension (SAPH) with pulmonary vasodilator therapy is unclear. The INCREASE trial showed improvement in 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD) and in decline in functional vital capacity (FVC) in patients with interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesize that patients with SAPH treated with pulmonary vasodilators have reduced decline in FVC. We retrospectively analyzed patients with SAPH who underwent lung transplantation evaluation. The primary objective was to compare change in FVC between patients with SAPH who received pulmonary vasodilators (treated) and those who did not (untreated). Secondary objectives were to compare the change in 6MWD, change in oxygen requirement, transplant rates, and mortality between treated and untreated SAPH patients. We identified 58 patients with SAPH; 38 patients received pulmonary vasodilator therapy, and 20 patients did not. Treated SAPH patients had significantly less decline in FVC than untreated SAPH patients (+54 mL vs. −357 mL, p

Published
2023
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29. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity of an Epoxy Resin-Based Endodontic Sealer Containing Nanoparticles Amorphous Calcium Phosphate

Author

Bilal H. Ibrahim and Hussain Al-Huwaizi

Subjects
Dentistry, RK1-715
Abstract

Background. The main cause of posttreatment disease in endodontics is the remaining of microorganisms within the root canal walls after endodontic therapy. Therefore, it is essential to use root canal sealers with potent antibacterial properties. These sealers play a vital role in eradicating any remaining microorganisms and preventing recontamination, especially in situations where there might be microleakage. Aim. The objective of this research was to examine the antimicrobial properties of epoxy root canal sealers containing nanoparticle amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) against planktonic Enterococcus faecalis in a controlled laboratory environment. Furthermore, the study aimed to assess the potential cytotoxic effects of these sealers. Method. In order to determine the antimicrobial activity, the epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus, Dentsply, Germany) was supplemented with NACP from Sigma–Aldrich, at a concentration of 3wt.%, as per the previous flowability tests. The agar well diffusion assay method was employed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. For this, cultured plates (n = 8) were prepared, with each plate containing three wells: one with AH Plus, one with AH Plus + NACP, and one with NACP alone. Subsequently, the plates were sited at 37°C in an incubator and allowed to incubate overnight. The width of the inhibition zones was then analyzed and recorded by the SPSS statistical software package (Version 20.0 for Windows, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). The cytotoxicity of the NACP incorporated AH Plus and AH Plus sealers were tested indirectly by MTT assay and directly by the multiparametric high content screening toxicology assay using fibroblast-like cells as cell lines. Results. AH Plus + NACP showed a higher antimicrobial activity than AH Plus with significant difference (P

Published
2023
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32. Minimal Access Aortic Valve Surgery

Author

Bilal H. Kirmani and Enoch Akowuah

Subjects
minimally invasive, aortic valve, surgery, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Minimally invasive approaches to the aortic valve have been described since 1993, with great hopes that they would become universal and facilitate day-case cardiac surgery. The literature has shown that these procedures can be undertaken with equivalent mortality rates, similar operative times, comparable costs, and some benefits regarding hospital length of stay. The competing efforts of transcatheter aortic valve implantation for these same outcomes have provided an excellent range of treatment options for patients from cardiology teams. We describe the current state of the art, including technical considerations, caveats, and complications of minimal access aortic surgery and predict future directions in this space.

Published
2023
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34. Potassium Supplementation and Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: The TIGHT K Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

O'Brien, Benjamin, Campbell, Niall G., Allen, Elizabeth, Jamal, Zahra, Sturgess, Joanna, Sanders, Julie, Opondo, Charles, Roberts, Neil, Aron, Jonathan, Maccaroni, Maria Rita, Gould, Richard, Kirmani, Bilal H., Gibbison, Ben, Kunst, Gudrun, Zarbock, Alexander, Kleine-Brüggeney, Maren, Stoppe, Christian, Pearce, Keith, Hughes, Mark, and Van Dyck, Laura

Subjects
CORONARY artery bypass, HOSPITAL admission & discharge, MEDICAL care costs, ATRIAL fibrillation, CARDIAC surgery
Abstract

Key Points: Question: When trying to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS), is supplementing potassium only when its serum concentration falls below 3.6 mEq/L noninferior to supplementation when serum potassium concentration falls below 4.5 mEq/L? Findings: In the first 5 days after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, patients who only received supplementation when serum potassium concentration dropped below 3.6 mEq/L (n = 830) did not have an increased incidence of new-onset AFACS compared with those who only received supplementation when serum potassium concentration dropped below 4.5 mEq/L (n = 837). There was no difference between the groups for other dysrhythmias or clinical outcomes. Meaning: The widespread practice of seeking to maintain high-normal serum potassium concentration after CABG surgery can be abandoned. This will reduce health care costs and decrease patient risk from an unnecessary intervention. IMPORTANCE: Supplementing potassium in an effort to maintain high-normal serum concentrations is a widespread strategy used to prevent atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery (AFACS), but is not evidence-based, carries risks, and is costly. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a lower serum potassium concentration trigger for supplementation is noninferior to a high-normal trigger. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This open-label, noninferiority, randomized clinical trial was conducted at 23 cardiac surgical centers in the United Kingdom and Germany. Between October 20, 2020, and November 16, 2023, patients with no history of atrial dysrhythmias scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery were enrolled. The last study patient was discharged from the hospital on December 11, 2023. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were randomly assigned to a strategy of tight or relaxed potassium control (only supplementing if serum potassium concentration fell below 4.5 mEq/L or 3.6 mEq/L, respectively). Patients wore an ambulatory heart rhythm monitor, which was analyzed by a core laboratory masked to treatment assignment. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The prespecified primary end point was clinically detected and electrocardiographically confirmed new-onset AFACS in the first 120 hours after CABG surgery or until hospital discharge, whichever occurred first. All primary outcome events were validated by an event validation committee, which was masked to treatment assignment. Noninferiority of relaxed potassium control was defined as a risk difference for new-onset AFACS with associated upper bound of a 1-sided 97.5% CI of less than 10%. Secondary outcomes included other heart rhythm–related events, clinical outcomes, and cost related to the intervention. RESULTS: A total of 1690 patients (mean age, 65 years; 256 [15%] females) were randomized. The primary end point occurred in 26.2% of patients (n = 219) in the tight group and 27.8% of patients (n = 231) in the relaxed group, which is a risk difference of 1.7% (95% CI, −2.6% to 5.9%). There was no difference between the groups in the incidence of at least 1 AFACS episode detected by any means or by ambulatory heart rhythm monitor alone, non-AFACS dysrhythmias, in-patient mortality, or length of stay. Per-patient cost for purchasing and administering potassium was significantly lower in the relaxed group (mean difference, $111.89 [95% CI, $103.60-$120.19]; P <.001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: For AFACS prophylaxis, supplementation only when serum potassium concentration fell below 3.6 mEq/L was noninferior to the current widespread practice of supplementing potassium to maintain a serum potassium concentration greater than or equal to 4.5 mEq/L. The lower threshold of supplementation was not associated with any increase in dysrhythmias or adverse clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04053816 This randomized clinical trial examines whether a lower serum potassium concentration trigger for supplementation is noninferior to a high-normal trigger for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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35. Molecular Epidemiology of mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 Harboring Clinically Isolated Escherichia coli from Pakistan

Author

Bilal H, Rehman TU, Khan MA, Hameed F, Jian ZG, Han J, and Yang X

Subjects
colistin-resistance, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, carbapenemases, mcr1, blakpc-2, blandm-1, plasmids, e. coli, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Hazrat Bilal,1 Tayyab Ur Rehman,2 Muhammad Asif Khan,2 Fareeha Hameed,2 Zhang Gao Jian,1 Jianxiong Han,1 Xingyuan Yang1 1Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, PakistanCorrespondence: Xingyuan YangFaculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, No, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail xingyuan@ahu.edu.cnPurpose: The multiple-drug resistant Escherichia coli are among the deadliest pathogens causing life-threatening infections. This study was planned to determine the molecular epidemiology of mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 harboring clinically isolated E. coli from Pakistan.Methods: In total, 545 strains of E. coli from clinical samples were collected from June 2018 to September 2019. All the isolates were screened for colistin-resistance, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases (ESBL), and carbapenemases through the micro-dilution method, Double-Disk-Synergy-Test (DDST), and Modified-Hodge-Test (MHT). The detection, sequence-typing, conjugal transfer, S1-PFGE, plasmid-replicon-typing, and southern-blotting for mcr, ESBL, and carbapenemase-encoding genes were performed.Findings: A total of four (0.73%) colistin-resistant strains carrying alongside mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes, three of these strains also had the blaTEM-1 gene. The presence of ESBL genes was detected in 139 (25.5%) isolates harboring blaCTXM-15 (74.82%), blaTEM (34.53%), blaSHV (28.06%) and blaOXA-1 (28.78%). In 129 carbapenemase-producers, 35.83% possessed blaNDM-1, 26.67% blaKPC-2, 8.3% blaOXA-48, 25% blaVIM-1, and 20.83% blaIMP-1 genes. The sequence typing revealed that mcr-1 harboring isolates belonged to ST405, ST117, and ST156. Fifty percent of blaKPC-2 and 48.83% of blaNDM-1 were found on ST131 and ST1196, respectively. Two rare types of STs, ST7584, and ST8671 were also identified in this study. The mcr-1 gene was located on Incl2 (60-kb) plasmid. The blaKPC-2 was present on (140-kb) IncH12, (100-kb) IncN, (90-kb) Incl1, while blaNDM-1 was located on (70-kb) IncFIIK, (140-kb) IncH12, (100-kb) IncN, (60-kb) IncA/C, and (45-kb) IncFII plasmids, which were successfully trans-conjugated. Among the plasmid types, the Incl1 carrying blaKPC-2, IncH12 harboring blaKPC-2 and blaNDM-1, and IncFIIK carrying blaNDM-1 were for the first time detected in Pakistan.Conclusion: The mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 genes finding in various clonal and plasmids types indicate that a substantial selection of the resistance genes had occurred in our clinical strains.Keywords: colistin-resistance, extended-spectrum-β-lactamases, carbapenemases, mcr1, blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, plasmids, E. coli

Published
2021

36. Epidemiological Characterization of Colistin and Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in a Tertiary: A Hospital from Anhui Province

Author

Hameed MF, Chen Y, Wang Y, Shafiq M, Bilal H, Liu L, Ma J, Gu P, and Ge H

Subjects
esbl, mbl, kpc2, mcr-1, ndm-1, ctxm-15, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Muhammad Fazal Hameed,1 Yanan Chen,1 Ying Wang,2 Muhammad Shafiq,3 Hazrat Bilal,1 Linqing Liu,4 Jinming Ma,1 Pengying Gu,4 Honghua Ge1 1Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People’s Republic of China; 3College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China; 4The Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Honghua GeInstitutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-551-63861773Email hhge@ahu.edu.cnPengying GuThe Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail hellengpy@163.comPurpose: Antimicrobial resistance, especially carbapenem resistance Enterobacteriaceae and plasmid mediated mobile colistin resistance, is a serious issue worldwide. This study was designed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of plasmid mediated colistin resistance and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from tertiary A hospital located in Hefei, China.Methods: Totally, 158 carbapenems resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, mcr-1, extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), and fosfomycin resistance genes using PCR and sequencing. The sequence types were identified by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Plasmid profiles were determined by PCR based replicon typing (PBRT), and the plasmid sizes were confirmed by southern blotting.Results: The isolates showed high MIC50 and MIC90 for all antimicrobials, except tigecycline, meropenem, and colistin. The main Carbapenemase genes were blaKPC-2 (90.5%), blaNDM-1(3.7%), blaOXA-48(5.6%) and fosA3 (14.5%). The blaCTXM-15 found 36.7%, mcr-1 (3.7%) recorded in six isolates. PBRT revealed blaKPC-2 in K. pneumoniae on IncR, IncFII, and IncA/C. blaNDM-1 in E. coli on IncFII, whereas in E. cloacae noticed on IncHI2 plasmid. mcr-1 was recorded among IncFIIK, IncFII, and IncF in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and E. cloacae. Resistance genes (mcr-1, blaNDM-1, blaKPC-2) harboring plasmids are successfully trans-conjugant to EC-600. A high incidence of ST11 was observed in K. pneumoniae carbapenem resistant isolates. While in E. coli, multiple STs were identified. However, mcr-1 in ST23 was identified for the first time in Anhui Province. Among Enterobacter cloacae, ST270 detected carrying blaNDM-1. Southern-hybridization confirmed the plasmid sizes 35– 150kb.Conclusion: This study indicates the co-carrying of mcr-1, blaKPC-2, and blaNDM-1 among clinical isolates, the prevalence of different Enterobacteriaceae STs is alarming, especially in E. coli. Holding such a resistance profile is a threat for humans and animals, which may be transferred between the strains through plasmid transfusion. Persistent control actions are immediately necessary to combat this hazard.Keywords: ESBL, MBL, KPC2, mcr-1, NDM-1, CTXM-15

Published
2021

37. Enhanced detection of oral dysplasia by structured illumination fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy

Author

Taylor A. Hinsdale, Bilal H. Malik, Shuna Cheng, Oscar R. Benavides, Maryellen L. Giger, John M. Wright, Paras B. Patel, Javier A. Jo, and Kristen C. Maitland

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract We demonstrate that structured illumination microscopy has the potential to enhance fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) as an early detection method for oral squamous cell carcinoma. FLIM can be used to monitor or detect changes in the fluorescence lifetime of metabolic cofactors (e.g. NADH and FAD) associated with the onset of carcinogenesis. However, out of focus fluorescence often interferes with this lifetime measurement. Structured illumination fluorescence lifetime imaging (SI-FLIM) addresses this by providing depth-resolved lifetime measurements, and applied to oral mucosa, can localize the collected signal to the epithelium. In this study, the hamster model of oral carcinogenesis was used to evaluate SI-FLIM in premalignant and malignant oral mucosa. Cheek pouches were imaged in vivo and correlated to histopathological diagnoses. The potential of NADH fluorescence signal and lifetime, as measured by widefield FLIM and SI-FLIM, to differentiate dysplasia (pre-malignancy) from normal tissue was evaluated. ROC analysis was carried out with the task of discriminating between normal tissue and mild dysplasia, when changes in fluorescence characteristics are localized to the epithelium only. The results demonstrate that SI-FLIM (AUC = 0.83) is a significantly better (p-value = 0.031) marker for mild dysplasia when compared to widefield FLIM (AUC = 0.63).

Published
2021
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38. Cardiac surgery outcome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective review of the early experience in nine UK centres

Author

Julie Sanders, Enoch Akowuah, Jackie Cooper, Bilal H. Kirmani, Mazyar Kanani, Metesh Acharya, Reuben Jeganathan, George Krasopoulos, Dumbor Ngaage, Indu Deglurkar, Patrick Yiu, Simon Kendall, and Aung Ye Oo

Subjects
Covid-19, Cardiac surgery, Mortality, Outcomes, Surgery, RD1-811, Anesthesiology, RD78.3-87.3
Abstract

Abstract Background Early studies conclude patients with Covid-19 have a high risk of death, but no studies specifically explore cardiac surgery outcome. We investigate UK cardiac surgery outcomes during the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods This retrospective observational study included all adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between 1st March and 30th April 2020 in nine UK centres. Data was obtained and linked locally from the National Institute for Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Adult Cardiac Surgery database, the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre database and local electronic systems. The anonymised datasets were analysed by the lead centre. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, propensity score matching (PSM), conditional logistic regression and hierarchical quantile regression. Results Of 755 included individuals, 53 (7.0%) had Covid-19. Comparing those with and without Covid-19, those with Covid-19 had increased mortality (24.5% v 3.5%, p

Published
2021
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40. Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Author

Nepogodiev, Dmitri, Bhangu, Aneel, Glasbey, James C, Li, Elizabeth, Omar, Omar M, Simoes, Joana FF, Abbott, Tom EF, Alser, Osaid, Arnaud, Alexis P, Bankhead-Kendall, Brittany K, Breen, Kerry A, Cunha, Miguel F, Davidson, Giana H, Di Saverio, Salomone, Gallo, Gaetano, Griffiths, Ewen A, Gujjuri, Rohan R, Hutchinson, Peter J, Kaafarani, Haytham MA, Lederhuber, Hans, Löffler, Markus W, Mashbari, Hassan N, Minaya-Bravo, Ana, Morton, Dion G, Moszkowicz, David, Pata, Francesco, Tsoulfas, George, Venn, Mary L, Cox, Daniel, Roslani, April C, Alakaloko, Felix, de Vries, Jean-Paul PM, Aaraj, Mahmoud A, Abbott, Sarah J, Abdalla, Mutwakil OM, Abdelaal, Ahmed S, Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O, Aherne, Thomas M, Ali, Osman M, Alkadeeki, Ghadah Z, Almeida, Ana C, Alrahawy, Mahmoud M, Ambler, Graeme K, Alameer, Ehab, Andreani, Stefano M, De Andrés-Asenjo, Beatriz, Antonanzas, Leyre Lopez, Aoun, Salah G, Ashoush, Fouad M, Augestad, Knut Magne, Avellana, Rocio B, Ayeni, Funbi A, Ayorinde, John OO, Babu, Bheemanakone H, Baig, Mirza MAS, Bajomo, Oreoluwa M, Baker, Olivia J, Baker, Markus P, Baldwin, Alexander J, Ban, Vin Shen, Baron, Ryan D, Barranquero, Alberto G, Barry, Conor P, DI Bartolomeo, Alessandro, Bass, Gary A, Bath, Michael F, Batjer, H Hunt, Beamish, Andrew J, Belgaumkar, Ajay P, Bence, Matthew N, Benson, Ruth A, Bernal-Sprekelsen, Juan Carlos, Bhama, Anuradha R, Bhavaraju, Avi V, Biffl, Walter L, Blundell, Chris M, Boddy, Alexander P, Borgstein, Alexander BJ, Bosanquet, David C, Bosch, Karen D, Bouhuwaish, Ahmad EM, Bozkurt, Mehmet A, Brathwaite, Collin EM, Brown, Benjamin C, Brown, Oliver D, Brown, Allison K, Buarque, Igor Lima, Bueno-Cañones, Alejandro D, Bulugma, Mustafa R, Burke, Joshua R, Byrne, Matthew HV, Cagigal-Ortega, Elima P, Callcut, Rachael A, DI Candido, Francesca, Canova, Michaela E, Carlos, William J, Caruana, Edward J, Cato, Liam D, Catton, Andrew B, Ceretti, Andrea Pisani, Chase, Thomas JG, Chiara, Francesco Di, Chowdhury, Abeed H, Chung, Eric A, Cicerchia, Pierfranco M, Clough, Ethan CS, Coleman, Natasha L, Collins, Chris G, Collins, Michelle L, Colonna, Emily T, Comini, Lara V, Coughlin, Patrick A, Cruzado, Laura Fernández-Gomez, Davidson, Brian R, Davies, Richard J, Davies, Emma J, Davis, Niall F, Dawson, Brett E, Dean, Benjamin JF, Delgado, Maria Garcia-Conde, Diaz, Jose J, Dickson, Kathryn E, Diez-Alonso, Manuel M, Dixon, Jan R, Doe, Matthew J, Drake, Thomas D, Drake, Frederick T, Duffy, John P, Dunne, Declan FJ, Dunne, Naomi JM, Durán-Muñoz-Cruzado, Virginia M, Durst, Alexander ZE, Eardley, Nicola J, Edwards, John G, Elfallal, Ahmed H, Elfiky, Mahmoud MA, Elliott, Jessie A, Emile, Sameh H, Emslie, Katy M, Endorf, Frederick W, Engel, Jamie L, Enjuto, Diego T, Etchill, Eric W, Evans, Jonathan P, Fahey, Brian A, Faria, Carlos S, Feo, Carlo V, Ferguson, Henry JM, Fernandez, Beatriz Dieguez, Fernandez, Andres Garcia, Fernández, Antonio J, Fernández-Pacheco, Borja Camacho, Fitzgerald, J Edward, Fonsi, Giovanni B, Font, Roser Farré, Fowler, Amy L, Fretwell, Kenneth R, Fructuoso, Lorena Sanchon, Fusai, Giuseppe K, Garcia, Miguel Hernandez, Garcia-Ureña, Miguel Angel, Gill, Charn K, Gisbertz, Suzanne S, Del Giudice, Roberto, Giuffrida, Maria Carmela, Di Giuseppe, Matteo, Gómez, María Fanjul, Guariglia, Claudio A, Hainsworth, Alison J, Hall, Bria J, Hall, James RW, Hammond, John S, Haqqani, Maha H, Harrison, Ewen M, Hazelton, Joshua P, van Heinsbergen, Maarten, Hill, Arnold DK, Hing, Caroline B, Hirji, Sameer A, Ho, Michael WS, Holbrook, Charlotte M, Holme, Thomas J, Hopkins, James C, Hopkinson, David N, Hossain, Fahad S, Hudson, Victoria E, Hughes, Jane L, Hwang, E. Shelley, Ibrahim, Mohamed AH, Isolani, Simone M, Jenkinson, Michael D, Jenny, Hillary E, Jeyaretna, Deva S, Jones, Robert P, Jones, Andrew P, Jonker, Pascal KC, Jönsson, Maria L, Joyce, Doireann P, Kalkwarf, Kyle J, Kamarajah, Sivesh K, El Kassas, Mohamed, Kavanagh, Dara O, Keatley, James M, Khalefa, Mohamed A, Khan, Jim S, Kirmani, Bilal H, Kisiel, Aaron P, Kouris, Spyros Marinos, Kowal, Mikolaj R, Labib, Peter L, Larkin, John O, Lauscher, Johannes C, Leclercq, Wouter KG, Ledesma, Frances SJ, Leite-Moreira, André M, Leung, Elaine YL, Lewis, Sophia E, Lima, Maria João, Lin, Daniel J, Liu, Helen H, Lowery, Aoife J, Lozano, Saida Martel, Luney, Catriona R, Maia, Mariana Magalhães, Mariani, Nicolò M, Marino, Marco V, Marra, Angelo A, Marsh, Christopher L, Martin, Robert CG, McCluney, Simon J, McIntyre, Robert C, Mckay, Siobhan C, McKevitt, Kevin L, Meagher, Ashley D, Mehdi, Mohammad Q, Mehigan, Brian J, Gonzalez-De Miguel, Melania, De Miguel-Ardevines, Maria-Carmen, Mills, Sarah J, Mohan, Helen M, Moir, John AG, Monson, John RT, Monteiro, Joana M, Montella, Maria T, Montesinos, Cristina Soto, Morgom, Marwa M, Moura, Francisco S, Muguerza, Jose M, Murphy, Suzanne H, De Nardi, Paola, Naumann, David N, Neary, Paul C, Neely, David TA, Ng-Kamstra, Joshua S, Ngu, Albert WT, Nguyen, Truong A, Nita, George E, Nunes, Quentin M, Nygaard, Rachel M, O'Meara, Lindsay B, O'Neill, John R, Okafor, Barbara U, Olson, Steven A, Oo, Aung Y, Ormazabal, Pablo Collera, Osorio, Alexander L, Pachl, Max J, Parry, James T, Patel, Panna K, Pérez-Sánchez, Luis E, Pevidal, Ana Nogues, Pezzuto, Anna P, Philp, Matthew M, Pinkney, Thomas D, Pollok, Joerg M, Povey, Meical G, Poza, Alfredo Alonso, Rajgor, Amarkumar D, Rao, Jagan N, Raptis, Dimitri A, Rice, Henry E, Ridgway, Paul F, Rivas, Ana Munoz, Rodriguez-Sanjuan, Juan C, Rogers, Luke J, Da Roit, Anna, Rollett, Rebecca A, Romera, Jose L, Rooney, Siobhan M, Roxo, Vanessa I, Le Roy, Bertrand, Rubio, Eduardo E, Ruiz, Carolina Castro, Ruiz, Manuel Losada, Ryan, Éanna J, Saad, Abdel Rahman, Saeed, Samerah A, Salama, Hiba A, Salamah, Abdulrauf A, Sampietro, Gianluca M, Sarma, Diwakar R, Schaffer, Kathryn B, Schnitzbauer, Andreas A, Scurrah, Rachel J, Serevina, Olivia L, Serralheiro, Pedro A, Sewards, Joseph M, Shackcloth, Michael J, Shaw, Abigail V, Sheel, Andrea RG, Sica, Giuseppe S, De Simone, Veronica, Singh, Aminder A, Singh, Rabindra P, Skelly, Brendan L, Smith, Henry G, Sohail, Amir H, Spalding, Duncan R, Springford, Laurie R, Ssentongo, Anna E, Steinkamp, Pieter J, Stevens, Kent A, Stewart, Grant D, Stylianides, Nicholas A, Sullivan, Tom BB, Taher, Ahmed SA, Tamimy, Muhammad S, Tang, Alethea M, Tebala, Giovanni D, Tejero-Pintor, Francisco J, Thaha, Mohamed A, Thomas, Amy J, De Toma, Giorgio, La Torre, Filippo, Torres, Antonio J, Townshend, David N, Trout, Isobel M, Tucker, Sarah C, Ubhi, Harmony K, Vega, Viviana A, Velmahos, George C, Velopulos, Catherine G, Viswanath, Yirupaiahgari KS, Vivas, Alfredo A, Wade, Ryckie G, Wadley, Martin S, Wall, Joshua JS, Walters, Andrew M, Warren, Oliver J, Weerasinghe, Chamindri K, Wilkin, Richard JW, Williams, Katherine J, Winter, Stuart C, Wormald, Justin CR, Wright, Franklin L, Xyda, Souzana E, Young, Alastair L, Youssef, Mina MG, Yousuf, Farhat B, El Youzouri, Hanan, Zappa, Marco A, Abate, Emmanuele, Abdalaziz, Hossam, Abdelkarim, Mostafa, Abdou, Hossam, Aboelkassem-Ibrahim, Ahmad, Abuown, Ala, Acebes-Garcia, Fernando, Acharya, Metesh, Adamina, Michel, Addae-Boateng, Emmanuel, Aftab, Raiyyan, Agarwal, Arnav, Aguilar, José, Ahmed, Yousra, Aitken, Emma, Al-Azzawi, Marwa, Al-Embideen, Somya, Al-Masri, Mahmoud, Al-Najjar, Hani, Al-Sukaini, Ahmad, Alam, Ruhina, Alderson, Derek, Aliyeva, Zumrud, Aljanadi, Firas, Almasri, Murad, Alonso-Ortuño, Paula, Altintoprak, Fatih, Amira, Gamal, Amjad, Rabbia, Anania, Gabriele, Andabaka, Tatjana, Angelou, Dimitrios, Annamalai, Seethalakshmi, Annessi, Valerio, Anthoney, James, Anwar, Sibtain, Anwer, Mariyah, Aragon-Chamizo, Juan, Ardito, Antonella, Arigoni, Michele, Armao, Teodora, Arminio, Armando, Armstrong, Lara, Arnaud, Alexis, Asaad, Peter, Ashcroft, James, Ashmore, Christopher, Asqalan, Ahmad, Asti, Emanuele, Aubry, Emmanuelle, Aytac, Erman, Ayuso-Herrera, Esther, Baeza, Melody, Bailon-Cuadrado, Martin, Bakmaz, Bernarda, Baldi, Caterina, Baldini, Edoardo, Baldo, Stefano, Ballabio, Michele, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Baltazar, Gerard, Bàmbina, Fabrizio, Bandiera, Alessandro, Barlow, Emma, Barmasse, Roberto, Barmpagianni, Christina, Baronio, Gianluca, Barra, Fabio, Bartsch, Anne-Marie, Basgaran, Amedra, Basha, Amr, Bashkirova, Varvara, Bastazza, Marco, Baumber, Rachel, Belcher, Elizabeth, Belvedere, Angela, Benítez-Linero, Inmaculada, Bergeat, Damien, Bernasconi, Matteo, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhutiani, Neal, Bianco, Federica, Bisagni, Pietro, Blake, Iain, Blanco-Colino, Ruth, Blazquez-Martin, Alma, Boal, Matthew, Bonavina, Luigi, Bonavina, Giulia, Bond-Smith, Giles, Booth, Karen, Borges, Filipe, Borghi, Felice, Bouchagier, Konstantinos, Bourke, Grainne, Boyle, Emily, Brachini, Gioia, Brain, Jessie, Brar, Amanpreet, Breckles, Lisa, Bretagnol, Frédéric, Brixton, Genevieve, Bruzzaniti, Placido, Bueser, Teofila, Burnside, Nathan, Caballero, Albert, Calcerrada-Alises, Enrique, Callahan, Miriam, Camarero, Enrique, Campagnaro, Tommaso, Campanelli, Michela, Candiani, Massimo, Cantalejo-Diaz, Miguel, Cao, Han, Capelli, Patrizio, Capizzi, Vita, Carcano, Giulio, Carissimi, Francesca, Carlini, Massimo, Carlucci, Michele, Carmichael, Heather, Carrasco, Milagros, Carrillo, Mariana, Carvello, Michele, Casati, Massimiliano, Castoro, Carlo, Catalan, Vanesa, Cavaleiro, Salomé, Cellerino, Paola, Centinaio, Giovanna, Cernei, Cristina, Cerro, Cristina, Cervellera, Maurizio, Chakrabortee, Sohini, Chamberlain, Stephanie, Chan, Jeffrey, Chang, Grace, Chaudhry, Dauod, Chebaro, Alexandre, Chen, David, Chetty, Govind, Chia, Zoe, Chiappini, Ambra, Chiarugi, Massimo, Chidambaram, Swathikan, Chiozza, Matteo, Cholewa, Hanna, Chong, Clara, Choolani-Bhojwani, Ekta, Christoforidis, Dimitri, Chui, Karen, Chung, Choyin, Cirillo, Bruno, Citterio, Davide, Clermidi, Pauline, Coccolini, Federico, Colletti, Gaia, Compagnoni, Bruno, Concepción-Martín, Vanesa, Confalonieri, Marco, Connolly, Hannah, Conso, Christel, Conti, Luigi, Cooper, Zara, Cordera, Fernando, Corral, Javier, Costa, Marta, Costanzi, Andrea, Cotsoglou, Christian, Cozza, Valerio, Cuming, Tamzin, Curtis, Miles, Cuschieri, Joseph, D'Agruma, Michele, D'Andrea, Giancarlo, Daliya, Prita, Dare, Oliver, Darko, Ebenezer, Day, Andrew, Dehal, Ahmed, Dehart, Dustin, Delgado-Oliver, Eduardo, Denning, Max, Desai, Anant, Desender, Liesbeth, Dester, Sara, Díaz-García, Alberto, Diaz-Peña, Patricia, Dousset, Bertrand, Doussot, Alexandre, Duchateau, Nicolas, Duff, Sarah, Dunning, Joel, Duque-Mallen, Victoria, Dziakova, Jana, Egan, Bridget, Egan, Richard, El-Ali, Abess, Elfeki, Hossam, Elhadi, Muhammed, Eljareh, Mohammed, Elkady, Ramy, Elkhafeefi, Fatimah, Elmore, Ugo, Elmoslemany, Tarek, Emmerson, Oliver, Enemosah, Ibrahim, English, Camilla, English, William, Escartin, Jorge, Estaire-Gomez, Mercedes, Evans, Luke, Evans, Jessica, Exley, Rebecca, Fabbri, Nicoló, Falco, Giuseppe, Familiari, Pietro, Fancellu, Alessandro, Farik, Shebani, Farrell, Tony, Fehervari, Matyas, Fell, Adam, Fernandez-Camuñas, Angel, Fernández-Marín, Reyes, Fernández-Martínez, María, Ferrara, Francesco, Ferrari, Guglielmo, Ferrero, Simone, Findlay, Laura, Fiore, Marco, Fiori, Enrico, Flatman, Michael, Flindall, Ian, Flor, Blas, Fontana, Tommaso, Ford, Samuel, Ford, David, Forlani, Stefano, Francone, Elisa, Frattaruolo, Colomba, Frio, Federico, Gagliano, Annalisa, Gagliardi, Filippo, Gahunia, Sukhpreet, Gaino, Francesca, Gala, Tanzeela, Galfrascoli, Elisa, Galimberti, Luca, Gallagher, Phoebe, Galleano, Raffaele, Galván-Pérez, Armando, Gammeri, Emanuele, Ganau, Mario, Garcés-García, Raúl, Garulli, Gianluca, Gascon-Ferrer, Isabel, Gattolin, Andrea, Gaujoux, Sebastien, Gentilli, Sergio, Georgiades, Fanourios, Ghanbari, Amir, Ghosh, Dhruv, Giacometti, Marco, Giblin, Anna-Victoria, Gilbert, Catherine, Giménez, Clara, Giorgakis, Emmanouil, Gipponi, Manuel, Glen, Paul, Goatly, Giles, Gobatti, Davide, Godbole, Chintamani, Gohil, Kajal, Gómez, Marcos, Gomez-Rosado, Juan-Carlos, Gonullu, Emre, Gonzalez-Gonzalez, Enrique, Gordini, Luca, Gracia, Isabel, Gracia-Roche, Carlos, Granieri, Stefano, Green, Susanna, Grivon, Manuela, Grove, Thomas, Guaglio, Marcello, Guaitoli, Eleonora, Guglielmi, Alfredo, Guha, Soumya, Gustavino, Claudio, Habeeb, Amir, Hagger, Robert, Hakmi, Hazim, Halkias, Constantine, Hall, Claire, Hampton, Matthew, Handa, Siddhartha, Hansen, Laura, Haq, Iram, Harky, Amer, Harries, Rhiannon, Harrison, Joseph, Hasan, Raashad, Hawari, Mohammad, Hawkin, Paul, Hebblethwaite, Bethany, Henriques, Susana, Heritage, Emily, Hernandez-Juara, Pilar, Herrero-Lopez, Maria, Hervieux, Erik, Heyd, Bruno, Higgs, Simon, Hitchman, Louise, Ho, Beatrice, Hogan, Aisling, Hölzle, Frank, Hossain, Tanvir, Hurt, Libor, Hutchinson, Peter, Iacob, Giulio, Iannone, Immacolata, Ibrahim, Sherif, Iovino, Domenico, Isik, Arda, Jafarova, Sevda, Jamil, Tahir, Jayaraju, Ullas, Jenner, Edward, Jimenez-Higuera, Elisa, Jimeno, Jaime, Jones, Mark, Judkins, Nicholas, Kalavrezos, Nicholas, Kalidindi, Venugopala, Kalkat, Maninder, Kamal, Mona, Kamphues, Carsten, Kang, Chong, Kara, Yasin, Karam, Edward, Karim, Ahmed, Kashora, Florence, Kearney, David, Khajuria, Apoorva, Khan, Umul, Khan, Azam, Khatri, Chetan, Kinnaman, Gabriel, Kinross, James, Kler, Aaron, Klimopoulos, Serafeim, Kocataş, Ali, Kolias, Angelos, Königsrainer, Alfred, Konsten, Joop, Kontovounisios, Christos, Kourdouli, Amar, Krishnan, Emily, Kristinsson, Sverrir, Kruijff, Schelto, Kudsk-Iversen, Søren, Kufeji, Dorothy, Kugler, Nadav, Kulkarni, Rugved, Kurihara, Hayato, Laface, Letizia, Lakkis, Zaher, Lami, Mariam, Landaluce-Olavarria, Aitor, Lapolla, Pierfrancesco, Lawani, Ismail, Lawday, Samuel, Lázaro, André, Lecolle, Katia, Leventoglu, Sezai, Li, Zoe, Liew, Ignatius, Lisi, Giorgio, Lizzi, Vincenzo, Lo, Terence, Lomiento, Daniele, Longhi, Marco, Lostis, Emilie, Lostoridis, Eftychios, Loubani, Mahmoud, Lowy-Benoliel, Alejandro, Lucianetti, Alessandro, Luke, Louis, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Luraghi, Marco, Lye, George, Mabrouk, Islam, Macchi, Alberto, MacDonald, Luisa, Machairas, Nikolaos, Madonini, Marco, Magowan, Drew, Maisonneuve, Emeline, Majkowska, Agata, Majkowski, Lawrence, Mak, Jason, Malabarba, Stefano, Malerba, Michele, Mannan, Syed, Manson, Joanna, Mansuri, Ahmer, Mantoglu, Baris, Manu, Nichola, Maqsood, Afnan, Marano, Alessandra, Marchbank, Adrian, Marcos-Santos, Pablo, Marrano, Enrico, Martin, Janet, Martin, Emmeline, Martin, Guy, Martin-Albo, Lorena, Martín-Román, Lorena, Martinelli, Fabio, Martínez-dePaz, Fernando, Martinez-German, Antonio, Martinez-Pinedo, Carlos, Martins, Ricardo, Marwan, Hisham, Marzi, Federica, Mathieu, Pierre, Matute-Najarro, Maria-Soledad, Maw, Andrew, Mazingi, Dennis, Mazzaferro, Vincenzo, McCanny, Andrew, McKenzie, Katherine, McLarty, Nicola, McPherson, Iain, Medina, Esther, Mediratta, Saniya, Medone, Marzia, Mehra, Gautam, Mele, Simone, Melero-Cortés, Lidia, Mendoza-Moreno, Fernando, Meneghini, Simona, Mercante, Giuseppe, Merdrignac, Aude, Merola, Stephen, Metallidis, Symeon, Michel, Martin, Migliore, Marco, Mihanovic, Jakov, Miller, Douglas, Mingoli, Andrea, Minto, Gary, Mirabella, Antonello, Misra, Nikhil, Mitrasinovic, Stefan, Miu, Victor, Moawad, Nader, Mochet, Sylvie, Modabber, Ali, Mohammad, Adam, Mohan, Midhun, Moliner-Sánchez, Carmen, Mongelli, Francesco, Monteleone, Michela, Montuori, Mauro, Moore, Rachel, Mora-Guzmán, Ismael, Morales, Xavier, Morales, Dieter, Morelli, Luca, Morelli, Lucia, Morgan, Richard, Morris, Chris, Mortini, Pietro, Mosca, Angelo, Motter, Dema, Moug, Susan, Mukherjee, Samrat, Najdy, Manhal, Nakas, Apostolos, Namazov, Ilgar, Naredla, Pradyumna, Nasef, Emmhamed, Nassa, Heeam, Nath, Rahul, Navarro-Sánchez, Antonio, Nazarian, Scarlet, Negri, Giampiero, Nehra, Deepika, Neil-Dwyer, Jason, Neri, Jacopo, Newton, Katy, Nikaj, Herald, Niquen, Milagros, Nobile, Sara, Nogueiro, Jorge, Ntirenganya, Faustin, Nugent, Michael, Núñez, Jordi, Ocaña, Juan, Okechukwu, Valentine, Oliva-Mompean, Fernando, Oliveira, Ana, Ollat, Didier, Onos, Lavinia, Osagie-Clouard, Liza, Osman, Khabab, Ottolina, Jessica, Ourieff, Jared, Outani, Oumaima, Oyewole, Bankole, Ozben, Volkan, Pacheco-Sanchez, David, Padilla-Valverde, David, Pai, Madhava, Paiella, Salvatore, Paisley, Samuel, Palini, Gianmarco, Palmeri, Matteo, Panahi, Pedram, Parente, Alessandro, Parlanti, Daniele, Parmar, Chetan, Pascual, Angela, Patel, Mahul, Pathak, Abhijit, Patil, Sangram, Pattyn, Piet, Peckham-Cooper, Adam, Pedrazzani, Corrado, Pellino, Gianluca, Peluso, Chiara, Pereira, André, Pereira-Neves, António, Perez-Diaz, MD, Pérez-González, Marta, Pérez-Saborido, Baltasar, Perivoliotis, Konstantinos, Perkins, Clare, Peros, Georgios, Perotto, Ornella, Perra, Teresa, Petrone, Patrizio, Phenix, George, Picazo, Sara, Picon-Rodriguez, Rafael, Piloni, Martina, Pingarrón-Martín, Lorena, Pinotti, Enrico, Pisanu, Adolfo, Pizzini, Paolo, Pockney, Peter, Podda, Mauro, Podolsky, Dina, Poggioli, Gilberto, Pompili, Cecilia, Pontari, Michael, Porcu, Alberto, Potter, Ryan, Price, Claire, Pruvot, François-René, Pujol-Muncunill, Roger, Puppo, Andrea, Quante, Markus, Quintana-Villamandos, Begoña, Qureshi, Ali, Radenkovic, Dejan, Rakvin, Ivan, Ramallo-Solís, Irene, Ramcharan, Sean, Ramos, Diego, Ramos-Bonilla, Antonio, Ramzi, Joussi, Rathinam, Sridhar, Rausa, Emanuele, Ravaioli, Matteo, Ravindran, Sharanya, Raymond, Thomas, Razik, Aisha, Redfern, Jennifer, Reguera-Rosal, Julio, Rela, Mariam, Rey-Biel, Juan, Rey-Valcarcel, Cristina, Ribolla, Marta, Richards, Tomos, Richmond, Michael, Righini, Erminio, Rio-Gomez, Javier, Riyat, Harjoat, Rizvi, Sana, Roberts, Keith, Roberts, Matthew, Robertson, Stuart, Robertson, Ronald, Robin-Valle, Alvaro, Rochon, Melissa, Rojo, Mikel, Rolli, Luigi, Romano, Silvio, Ross, Elizabeth, Ross, Howard, Rossborough, Catherine, Rottoli, Matteo, Ruiz-Grande, Fernando, Ruiz-Martin, Irene, Ruiz-Soriano, María, Ruzzenente, Andrea, Ryska, Ondrej, Saez, Carlos, Sagnotta, Andrea, Sahnan, Kapil, Sahni, Arun, Salim, Ali, Sallam, Ibrahim, Salvia, Roberto, Samadov, Elgun, Sammarco, Giuseppe, Sampaio-Alves, Mafalda, Sánchez-Arteaga, Alejandro, Sanchez-Fuentes, Maria-Nieves, Sanchez-Pelaez, Daniel, Sanchez-Perez, Coral, Sanchez-Rubio, Maria, Sancho-Muriel, Jorge, Sanders, Julie, Santero-Ramirez, Maria-Pilar, Santora, Thomas, Santoro, Antonio, Santos, Irene, Santos-Sousa, Hugo, Sapienza, Paolo, Sartarelli, Lodovico, Sarveswaran, Janahan, Sasia, Diego, Saudemont, Alain, Saudi-Moro, Sef, Saxena, Shobhit, Saxena, Dolly, Sayasneh, Ahmad, Scalabre, Aurelien, Schache, Andrew, Schiavina, Riccardo, Schineis, Christian, Schreckenbach, Teresa, Scorza, Antonella, Scott, Lucy, Seegert, Sara, Seguin-Givelet, Agathe, Senent-Boza, Ana, Seymour, Keith, Shabana, Amanda, Shah, Karishma, Shah, Jigar, Shah, Preena, Shah, Sujay, Shakir, Taner, Shalaby, Mostafa, Shankar, Sushma, Shaw, Richard, Shehata, Sameh, Shenfine, Amy, Sheridan, Kelda, Sherief, Ahmed, Sherief, Mohamed, Sherif, Mohamed, Shinkwin, Michael, Shu, Sebastian, Siaw-Acheampong, Kwabena, Sileri, Pierpaolo, Singh, Abhinav, Singh, Shailendra, Sinha, Sanjay, Sinha, Deepti, Siragusa, Leandro, Sivaprakasam, Rajesh, Sivayoganathan, Sriharan, Smillie, Robert, Smith, Claire, Smith, Andrew, Smith, Christopher, Sochorova, Dana, Soggiu, Fiammetta, Sohrabi, Catrin, Solari, Francesca, Solli, Piergiorgio, Soreide, Kjetil, Spinelli, Antonino, Spoletini, Domenico, Spriano, Giuseppe, Sravanam, Sanskrithi, Ssentongo, Paddy, Stanger, Sophie, Stavroulias, Dionisios, Steel, Ben, Stella, Marco, Stewart, Robbie, Stringer, Sally, Sulen, Nina, Sundar, Sudha, Sundhu, Matthew, Suri, Avni, Syed, Arooj, Szatmary, Peter, Tabiri, Stephen, Tadross, Daniel, Taglietti, Lucio, Tansey, Rosamond, Tartaglia, Dario, Tawheed, Ahmed, Tayeh, Salim, Teles, Tobias, Testa, Valentina, Tewari, Nilanjana, Thoenissen, Philipp, Thomas, Kane, Thomin, Anne, Thrush, Jessica, Tierney, Sean, Tiwari, Abhinav, Toh, Simon, Toledo, Enrique, Tonini, Valeria, Torkington, Jared, Torquati, Alfonso, Torzilli, Guido, Totty, Joshua, Tourountzi, Paraskevi, Tousidonis, Manuel, Townend, Philip, Townsend, Catherine, Trompeter, Alex, Trotta, Francesco, Truant, Stéphanie, Trujillo-Díaz, Jeancarlos, Tsoulfas, Georgios, Turco, Celia, Turrado-Rodriguez, Victor, Turri, Giulia, Tustin, Harry, Tyler, Jayne, Tzedakis, Stylianos, Tzovaras, George, Uittenbogaart, Martine, Ullah, Ramzan, Urban, Shane, Urbani, Alessia, Usai, Antonella, Vaccarella, Gianpaolo, Valdes-Hernandez, Javier, Valsecchi, Luca, Vashisht, Rajiv, Vázquez-Fernández, Andrea, Venn, Mary, Vera-Mansilla, Cristina, Vergari, Roberto, Vescio, Giuseppina, Vidya, Raghavan, Vieira, Paula, Vijay, Vardhini, Vimalachandran, Dale, Violante, Tommaso, Volpe, Anita, Vovola, Fernanda, Vulliamy, Paul, Wall, Rosemary, Wallwork, Kate, Ward, Alex, Warwick, David, Waseem, Saima, Weaver, Helen, Wells, Fiona, Wen, Jiaxin, West, Raha, Whitehall, Emma, Wild, Laura, Wilkins, Alex, Williams, Gethin, Williams, Matthew, Winnand, Philipp, Wong, Ken, Worku, Dawit, Wright, Naomi, Yalamanchili, Seema, Yershov, Danylo, Yildiz, Alp, Young, Richard, Yurttas, Can, Zadegan, Frederic, Zafar, Noman, Zakaria, Rasheed, Zambon, Martina, Zanini, Nicola, Zarate, Alba, Zerbib, Philippe, Zizzo, Maurizio, Zmora, Oded, Zonta, Sandro, van Berge Henegouwen, Mark I, van der Plas, Willemijn Y, Ali, Inthekab Ali Mohamed, Bakri, Nur Amalina Che, Bauset, Juan Carlos Catalá, Abou Chaar, Mohamad K, Marino Cosentino, Luigi MP, Gómez Díaz, Carlos J, Garcia Galocha, Jose L, de Gheldere, Charles A, Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Mendonça, Beltrán de Heredia, Juan, Blazer III, Dan G, Nugent III, William C, Ali karar, Ali A, Borja De Lacy, F, Blas Laina, Juan luis, Shane Lester, Madan Jha, Liyanage, Aloka S D, Al Maadany, Faraj S, De Marchi, Joshua A, Ramos-De la Medina, Antonio, Mithany, Reda H M, Sanchez del Pueblo, Cristina, van Ramshorst, Gabrielle H, De Salas, Maria Marqueta, De Souza, Anthony C, Dolores Del Toro, M, Archer, James E, Odeh, Abdulrahman, Erridge, Simon, Salem, Hosni Khairy, Jones, Gareth P, Gardner, Anne, Tripathi, Shiva S, Gregg, Anne, Jeganathan, Reuben, Siddique, Muhammad Harris, Lombardi, Celestino P, Martin, Benjamin, Leo, Cosimo Alex, Dass, Debashis, Di Franco, Gregorio, Jiao, Long R, Mari, Giulio Maria, Capitan-Morales, Luis-Cristobal, Connelly, Tara M, Alanbuki, Ammar, De Virgilio, Armando, Schilling, Clare, San Miguel Mendez, Carlos, Kulkarni, Gauri, Nizami, Kulsoom, Walsh, Stewart, Dean, Harry, Ruiz-Marin, Miguel, Houston, Rory, Trompetto, Mario, Chrastek, David, Kouritas, Vasileios, Cannoletta, Maria, Rosato, Francesco, Kaushal, Manish V, Costa, Paulo Matos, Elkadi, Hannah H, Johnstone, Jack R, Irvine, Esmee, Alvarez, Maria R, Corbellini, Carlo, Venkatesan, Gowtham S, Mateo-Sierra, Olga, Martínez-Pérez, Carolina, Serrano González, Javier, Hernández Bartolomé, Miguel Ángel, Díaz Pérez, David, Gutiérrez Samaniego, María, Galindo Jara, Pablo, Sharma, Neil, Smart, Neil J, and Keller, Deborah S

Published
2020
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41. A comprehensive qualitative investigation of the factors that affect surgical site infection prevention in cardiac surgery in England using observations and interviews

Author

Tanner, Judith, primary, Jones, Lyn Brierley, additional, Westwood, Nigel, additional, Rochon, Melissa, additional, Wloch, Catherine, additional, Vaja, Ricky, additional, Rogers, Luke J., additional, Dearling, Jeremy, additional, Wilson, Keith, additional, Kirmani, Bilal H., additional, Bhudia, Sunil K., additional, Rajakaruna, Cha, additional, Petrou, Mario, additional, Bailes, Louise, additional, Jawarchan, Angila, additional, Baker, Maureen, additional, and Murphy, Gavin J., additional

Published
2024
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46. Enhanced Fuzzy Resolution Appliance for Identification of Heart Disease in Teenagers

Author

Hassan, Arfa, Bilal, H. M., Khan, M. Adnan, Khan, M. Farhan, Hassan, Rubina, Farooq, M. Sajid, Barbosa, Simone Diniz Junqueira, Editorial Board Member, Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Kotenko, Igor, Editorial Board Member, Washio, Takashi, Editorial Board Member, Yuan, Junsong, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Bajwa, Imran Sarwar, editor, Kamareddine, Fairouz, editor, and Costa, Anna, editor

Published
2019
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