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This study was designed to analyze the sustainability trend of the apicultural industry. The present investigation was conducted with a focus on quantitative aspects and employed the methodology of quantitative-qualitative trend analysis. The statistical population consisted of all beekeepers in Iran. Using multi-stage random sampling method, 453 beekeepers were selected and studied as a sample. The primary instrument employed to gather data is a questionnaire developed by the researcher. The sustainability of Iran's apiculture industry was evaluated based on four environmental, economic, social, and institutional dimensions. The evaluation of the beekeeping industry's sustainability in terms of the environmental aspect involved the assessment of eleven criteria across two categories, both of which exhibited a declining trend. Sustainability was evaluated in the form of 24 criteria and 5 categories in the economic aspect, of which two categories had a negative trend and three categories had a positive trend. The assessment of the social aspect's sustainability was conducted through examination of 19 criteria organized into three distinct categories. These categories represented different trends: one with a negative trend category, another with a stable trend category, and the third with a positive trend category. Finally, sustainability of the institutional dimension was evaluated by 16 criteria in the form of 3 categories, and all three categories had a negative trend. Therefore, reforming the process of environmental and institutional criteria shall be of priority for the planners and policy makers of Iran's apiculture industry. The results of this study can be used as basic information in the foresight of the beekeeping industry, the preparation of the vision document, as well as the strategic planning of the development of this industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present qualitative research study was designed to identify barriers to entrepreneurship development in Iran's higher education system. The present study is applied and developmental in terms of its objective and it is descriptive case study in terms of its nature and data collection. The study population includes 45 elites, scholars, policy-makers, planners, managers, specialists, and experts endowed with expertise and experience in the subject matter of this study in Yazd province, Iran, who are selected through purposive sampling method. To collect the required data, in-depth and semi-structured interviews are performed that are continued until the achievement of theoretical saturation. Following the implementation of open and refined coding processes, findings are illustrated in a four-dimensional model. The research model is represents the upcoming context of entrepreneurship development in Iran's higher education system. Finally, causal conditions leading to such impacts, consequences, and action strategies are proposed to reduce and alleviate the given impacts.

Due to changes that have occurred in ecological conditions, the requirement to use wastewater has been considered more seriously in the agricultural sector, because agriculture is the source of human nutrition, health and security. Based on this, the purpose of this research was to systematically analysis the components affecting sustainable management of wastewater use (SMWWU) in the viewpoint of critical theory paradigm. Inductive qualitative content analysis (IQCA) was used for systematic analysis. In this regard, the software used was MAXQDA. The statistical population included valid scientific articles and knowledgeable experts in wastewater management in the agricultural sector in Tehran province, Iran. The sampling method for articles was by searching based on keywords and for experts by purposeful method until theoretical saturation was reached. The results of IQCA in the form of a model showed that the six main components "economic," "environmental," "contextual," "individual," "management and planning" and "education and extension" affect SMWWU. Each of these components also includes several factors and variables that can strengthen SMWWU and reduce the water crisis by paying attention to them. The obtained model can be used by policy makers and interested parties in making decisions and planning water protection measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the basic strategies to strengthen the sustainable livelihood of local communities against environmental crises, including climate change, is to increase the resilience of these communities against disruption and chaos created in ecological systems. therefore The present research was conducted with the goal of gardeners' sustainable livelihood resilience model to climate change in Hamadan province. The research method was descriptive-correlational and causal-relational. The statistical population included the gardeners of Hamedan province (N=53785). The sample size was 380 people using the Krejcie and Morgan table, and the stage sampling method was used. In this research, the situation of sustainable livelihood resilience model of gardeners in Hamedan province in the face of climate change was analyzed by using questionnaire tool and using statistical software SPSS22 and SMART PLS3 and the reliability and validity of the model were confirmed according to the calculated indicators. In total, based on the average of 3.22 out of 5 (sd=1.01), it can be concluded that the livelihood resilience of gardeners in the face of climate change in Hamedan province is evaluated at an average level. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) indicate that environmental norms (β=0.691) and adaptation capacity with climate fluctuations (β=0.606) have a positive and significant effect on the resilience of sustainable livelihoods, the environmental attitude variable It has a positive and significant effect on environmental beliefs (β=0.617), place attachment has a positive and significant effect on adaptation capacity (β=0.610) and the environmental attitude of gardeners in the face of climate change (β=0.567). Also, based on the results, the variable of environmental awareness has a positive and significant effect on adaptation capacity with climate fluctuations (β=0.536) and the variable of environmental beliefs also has a positive and significant effect on environmental norms in the face of climate change (β=0.667). In total, based on the findings, 0.72 of the changes in the dependent variable of sustainable livelihood resilience are directly or indirectly explained by the independent variables of environmental attitude, environmental awareness, environmental beliefs, environmental norms, place attachment and adaptation capacity. The results of this research can be useful and practical for decision-makers in the field of agriculture, especially horticulture, from the point of view of environmental psychology. The findings of this research can be used for policy making and planning and decision-making in order to develop resilience and stabilize the livelihood of gardeners in Hamedan province in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]