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Background: The clinical importance of the supratrochlear foramen (STF) of the humerus, an anatomical variation, has been recognised because of its association with low-impact fractures of the distal end and narrow medullary canal of the humerus. According to the literature, STF prevalence varies between ethnic groups and even between individuals of the same ethnic group. Many studies in India also reflect variations in the prevalence of STF in different regions. However, the study of STF is still a rarity in northeast India, where different indigenous peoples are living. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of dry humerus bones was conducted a medical institute in Manipur. The presence of STF, its shape, maximum dimensions (transverse and vertical), and distances from the medial and lateral epicondyles were observed. Results: STF was present in 28.57% of bones, of which 53.85% were observed in the left humerus and 46.15% in the right humerus. STF was found in different shapes, including oval (46.15%), round (19.23%), irregular (19.23%), and triangular (15.38%). The 66.67% of the STF were situated more medially in the right humerus, while 78.57% of the STF were also located more medially in the left humerus. Conclusions: The study of STF showed a prevalence of 28.57%. The oval-shaped foramen was the most common. The majority of the STF was placed more medially in both the right and left humeri.

The importance of DSP systems with low power, low area and high performance appear to be increasing with no visible sign of saturation. Digital filters play a vital role in digital systems where Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are one of the most widely used fundamental devices. This review paper deal with the design and implementation of parallel FIR filter structure on FPGA using 4 different parallel processing methodologies with minimal cost of hardware. Since adders have no effect to the filter length and occupy less area than the multipliers, here multipliers are exchanged with adders. The paper hence describes the comparative performance analysis of traditional parallel FIR filter with respect to the FFA, transposition and symmetric convolution based parallel FIR filter with featuring the advantage of reduced hardware complexity to accurate processing with conservation of filter dynamic.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and complex autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against a spectrum of nuclear antigens. RANTES and its receptor CCR5 have been associated with the pathogenesis of SLE. The objective of this study is to analyze autoantibodies (DNA/RNA), allelic distribution of RANTES and the association of levels of RANTES and its receptor CCR5 in SLE patients in North Indian region. The RANTES-403 and RANTES-28 polymorphism in the promoter region of RANTES gene was studied in 80 patients and 80 healthy controls. The levels of chemokine RANTES, its receptor CCR5, anti-dsDNA, and anti-SSA antibodies levels were determined. Disease activity was assessed with the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score. All the parameters were studied for statistical analysis by using t test (graph pad prism) and correlation by SPSS data. PCR–RFLP performed showed 28C/C and the 403G/G genotypes in both patients and controls, but no other genotypes such as 28C/G, 28G/G and 403A/G, 403A/A were found. Patients had higher levels of RANTES (1840.48 ± 739.42 vs. 835.44 ± 70.48 pg/ml; P < 0.0001) and its receptor CCR5 expression (26.49 ± 0.16 vs. 24.72 ± 3.02 %; P < 0.05) compared to controls. The levels of autoantibodies anti-dsDNA and anti-SSA were also higher in patients than controls. The patients showing elevated anti-dsDNA had negative correlation with SLEDAI score (P < 0.05) while borderline patients were not found to be correlated. In case of anti-Ro/anti-SSA antibody levels, the borderline patients showed a moderately significant negative correlation as compared to controls than patients with elevated autoantibody (P < 0.01). The levels of RANTES and CCR5 were also higher in case of patients than controls. But there was no significant correlation of RANTES and CCR5 with disease activity. We were unable to find an association of RANTES polymorphism with SLE in North Indian population in our sample. No significant difference in allele distribution of RANTES-28 and RANTES-403 in the sample of 160 individuals was detected. Of the two autoantibodies studied, anti-Ro/anti-SSA levels in borderline lupus patients appeared as an important parameter for monitoring/diagnosis of lupus patients.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif, 2017 at the Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University. Eighteen genotypes of brinjal were evaluated inthree replications using Randomized Block Design (RBD). Study on the genetic divergence was carried out to assess the variability, association, direct and indirect effects on yield in eighteen genotypes of eggplant (Solanummelongena L.). High PCV and GCV were recorded by the number of fruit per plant (79.71 and 77.47) followed by fruit yield per plant (67.23 and 65.49). High heritability per cent of mean was registered for yield per plant (94.88) followed by number of fruit per plant (94.47), fruit length (90.25) and number of branches per plant (90.20) with high genetic advance number of fruit per plant (155.12) followed by yield per plant (131.41), fruit weight(65.18) and fruit diameters (52.63). High heritability with high genetic advance indicated the presence of additive gene effect. The correlation studies revealed strong positive association of fruit yield with number of fruits per plant (0.885), fruit length (0.684), percent infestation of shoot and fruit borer (0.625), number of branches (0.559) at genotypic level and number of fruits per plant (0.877), fruit length (0.668), number of branches per plant (0.523), percent infestation of shoot and fruit borer (0.399) and number of leaves per plant (0.363) at phenotypic level. The result of path analysis indicated that maximum positive direct effect on yield per plant was exhibited by fresh weight (1.362) followed by number of branches per plant (0.728), LAI (0.625) and percent incidence of bacterial wilt (0.295).

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017 at the Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development, Medziphema Campus, Nagaland University to evaluate the performance of different genotypes of brinjal under foothill condition of Nagaland. Eighteen genotypes of brinjal were evaluated with three replications in randomized block design. The experimental material comprised eighteen genotypes i e, BRRVAR-1, BRRVAR-2, BRRVAR-3, BRRVAR-4, BRRVAR-5, BRRVAR-6, BRRVAR-7, BRRVAR-8, BRLVAR-9, BRLVAR- 10, BRLVAR-11, BRLVAR-12, BRLVAR-13, BRLVAR-14, BRLVAR-15, BRLVAR-16, Manipur Local and Azad Brinjal. Results revealed that BRLVAR-12 exhibited maximum number of leaves plant−1 (85.37), number of branches plant1(24.77), number of fruits plant−1 (52.20) and fruit yield (416.35 q ha−1) but BRLVAR-15 gave maximum plant height (101.63 cm). BRLVAR-13 recorded maximum leaf area index (3.34), fruit diameter (7.89 cm), fresh weight of fruit (299.51 g) and vitamin C content (8.57 mg 100 g−1). BRRVAR-6 exhibited the least number of seeds fruit−1 while highest TSS was found in Azad Brinjal (5.19oB). However, none of the genotypes were found resistant to major pest and disease. Thus, from these results it can be conclude that genotypes BRLVAR-12 were found to be potential yielder under foothill condition of Nagaland.

A systematic study of distribution pattern and diversity of algae of vegetable crop fields has been carried out from December 2012 to May 2013 at Irongmara and Barjalenga in Cachar district, Assam. A total of 51 species representing 26 genera were recorded under Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Cyanophyceae from the different sampling sites. of these, 22 species belonged to Cyanophyceae, 24 species belonged to Bacillariophyceae and 5 species belonged to Chlorophyceae. The soil pH was found to be mildly acidic in all the plots. It has been observed that Bacillariophyceae contributed major share to soil algal population. Among the species detected, the most dominant are A nabaena, Nostoc, Chroococcus, Oscillatoria, Scenedesmus, Haematococcus, Chlorella, Navicula, Cymbella, and Nitzschia.

There is an increased oxidative burden in the lungs and the peripheral blood of patients with pulmonary infections. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the injurious and inflammatory responses in lung diseases. The normal system is provided with a defensive control in the form of protective antioxidant machinery. This comprises of enzymatic and non-enzymatic molecules that control the level of oxidative stress generated by reactive species that are actually meant to contain the pathogens. As constitutive antioxidants fall short of their task in case of injury, infection, or inflammation, antioxidants need to be supplied so as to fulfill the requirement. The search is on for effective antioxidant-based therapeutics with appreciable bioavailability and potency. Not only synthetic preparations but natural products are also being tested as valuable antioxidants.