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This paper explores the common nature of bibliographic information and metadata based on their comparative analysis and the narrative reconstruction of their genesis. An ontological definition of metadata is proposed.

To link and harmonize different knowledge repositories with respect to isotopic data, we propose an ISO-FOOD ontology as a domain ontology for describing isotopic data within Food Science. The ISO-FOOD ontology consists of metadata and provenance data that needs to be stored together with data elements in order to describe isotopic measurements with all necessary information required for future analysis. The new domain has been linked with existing ontologies, such as Units of Measurements Ontology, Food, Nutrient and the Bibliographic Ontology. To show how such an ontology can be used in practise, it was populated with 20 isotopic measurements of Slovenian food samples. Describing data in this way offers a powerful technique for organizing and sharing stable isotope data across Food Science.

Ontology is the philosophical study of the nature of being, becoming, existence, and relation. This paper presents an ontology of the Sq’éwlets Virtual Museum of Canada Website Project, a project that has focused on creating a digital community biography of the Sq’éwlets First Nation ( www.digitalsqewlets.ca ). Based on several decades of community archaeology and the recent production of short video documentaries, the website presents a long-term perspective of what it means to be a Sq’éwlets person and community member today. We explore how this project came to focus on the nature of being Sq’éwlets; how community members conceived the nature, structure, and nomenclature of the website; and how this Sq’éwlets being-ness is translated for outside audiences. We suggest what lessons this approach has for anthropological conventions of naming and knowing as they relate to Indigenous histories, and consider how archaeological knowledge can be transformed into a digital platform within a community-based process.

This paper defends the notions of an interactive kind and a looping effect as features of social and human scientific classifications and aims to give a realist interpretation of them. I argue that interactive kinds can best be modeled as a special case of changing causal property cluster kinds. In order to do so, I develop a typology of looping effects according to the sort of entities that are affected, the main types of which are individual-looping, category-looping, and kind-looping. Based on this distinction, I identify interactive kinds as those causal property cluster kinds that are subjected to kind-looping.

The study presents the state of the problem in theory and practice of ontology of conceptual apparatus for processing bibliographic information. It specifies the essence of the ontology of fundamental concepts of bibliographic apparatus. The structure of the “bibliography” concept is shown. The substantial characteristics of the bibliography are determined. Meanings of the bibliography, bibliographic information, bibliographic list, bibliographic record, bibliographic description, and bibliographical reference are explained. The important features of GOST 7.1 – 2003 and GOST R7.0.5 – 2008, which show the differences in the elements of bibliographic description, and bibliographical references, are highlighted. Classification of the bibliography concepts is demonstrated. On the basis of the bibliography conceptual apparatus and its common scheme, the mental map of bibliographic information is developed. This makes possible to form the structure of the bibliographic information in the XML-document for further automation of bibliographic information processing and formation the informational structure in the software module of synthesis and analysis of bibliographic references.

We propose a film retrieval method based on ontology. This method can realize automatically recommendation when users query film resources, even though not giving search keywords explicitly. In this paper, we represent the film retrieval method and film ontology model. And then we define several inference rules and give an example to illustrate the reasoning process. Furthermore, it is discussed how to recommend related films. The film retrieval method based on ontology can do benefit to search film resources intelligently and easily.

Access to AnnoSys from your portal makes it possible to (1) annotate and to (2) show existing annotations for specimen data records. To this end, weblinks from the page displaying the individual specimen record to AnnoSys are incorporated into your website. In the current (XML-based) system, the portal should provide a link called "annotate" or similar which redirects users to AnnoSys in order to create annotations based on the record data actually shown in your portal. Of course, to enable annotation, an access point for the record to be annotated has to be transmitted with the request. AnnoSys can then download the referred specimen data record. After successfully transferring the data, the user will be redirected to the AnnoSys Annotation Editor first and if they start editing an annotation to the AnnoSys user login/registration dialog subsequently to. At present, AnnoSys supports ABCD 2.06, ABCD 2.1 or SimpleDarwinCore in XML formats. If you already use a BioCASe provider to deliver ABCD data from your collection database, then this is sufficient, but you can also provide any other URL that provides the record in one of the supported formats, and AnnoSys will download the data from that URL. In order to show existing annotations, you request AnnoSys to show them by querying the AnnoSys repository for the ID of the specimen. Currently, the triple ID in use in the GBIF and BioCASE networks is used to identify a specimen. An information request directed to AnnoSys for a certain triple ID will return a JSON response with: hasAnnotation: true/false indicating if there are any annotations available size: number of currently available annotations annotations: a list of relevant annotation metadata you may want to show in your portal, such asannotator (name of the annotator)time (creation time in ms since 01.01.1970)motivation (type) of the annotationrepositoryURI: link to the RDF-Data of the annotationrecordURIs: list of URIs to the original record data (XML) the annotation is based on You can either directly link to the AnnoSys interface to display the existing annotation, using the repositoryURI and recordURIs element values from the JSON response, or you can display selected metadata about already available annotations directly in your portal. For full documentation including examples see the AnnoSys wiki.

The Linked Open Data (LOD) movement is constantly gaining worldwide acceptance. In this paper we describe how LOD is generated in the case of digital repositories that contain bibliographic information, adopting international standards. The available options and respective choices are presented and justified while we also provide a technical description, the methodology we followed, the possibilities and difficulties in the way, and the respective benefits and drawbacks. Detailed examples are provided regarding the implementation and query capabilities, and the paper concludes after a discussion over the results and the challenges associated with our approach, and our most important observations and future plans.

Most literature searching in biomedicine is now conducted via PubMed, Google Scholar or other web-based biblio-graphic search mechanisms. Yet until now a public, open, interoperable and complete web-adapted information schema forbibliographic citations, bibliographic references and scientific discourse has not been available. Such a schema, expressed inthe form of a description logic compatible with current web semantics approaches, would provide the ability to treat biblio-graphic references and citations, and rhetorical discourse in scientific publications, as semantic metadata on the web, with allthe benefits that implies for organization, search and mash-up of web-based scientific information.In this paper we present CiTO + SWAN, a set of fully harmonized ontology modules resulting from the harmonization ofCiTO (the Citation Typing Ontology) with SWAN (Semantic Web Applications in Neuromedicine), which we have developedby jointly adapting and evolving version 1.6 of CiTO, the Citation Typing Ontology, and version 1.2 of the SWAN ScientificDiscourse Ontology (v1.2). The CiTO + SWAN model is specified in OWL 2 DL, is fully modular, and inherently supportsagent-based searching and mash-ups.Through the harmonization activity presented here, and previous work that harmonized SWAN with the SIOC (Semantical-ly-Interlinked Online Communities) Ontology for describing blogs, wikis and discussion groups, we have construct the basis ofa powerful new web framework for scientific communications.

Information sharing among distributed obsolescence management systems is a challenge because of the heterogeneity of data (data with different forms and representations). Indeed, this is the main hurdle that exists for current tools managing product obsolescence. This paper presents a hybrid ontology approach for the integration of obsolescence information that combines a global ontology that provides a shared vocabulary for the specification of the semantics of obsolescence domain knowledge, along with local ontologies that describe structures of multiple data sources distributed in various obsolescence management tools. A procedure is provided for mapping local ontologies to the global ontology by quantifying relationships between classes and identifying groups of classes with a clustering method. Ontologies and rules of identifying relationships are realized with OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language). With the application of the hybrid ontology approach, a unified view of data is provided to support decision making for efficient obsolescence management and a structure where new sources of information can be easily added with little modification in the future.

This paper proposes a feasible approach named “Smart Spatial Ontology” for converting ontological declarations into topological relations and geometric features, which would then assist users to retrieve relevant cases from the case library. The purpose of this project is to extend the knowledge representing abilities of our design case library, which develops smart retrieval of spatial topology within plan drawings for assisting architectural design.

Objectives: To establish a system which provides the NTIS (National Science and Technology Information Service)-owned information in a LOD (Linked Open Data) format for the purpose of opening national R&D information to realize ‘Government 3.0’. Methods/Statistical Analysis: The NTIS ontology has been designed using the CERIF (Common European Research Information Format) ontology which efficiently manages research information and BIBO (Bibliographic Ontology) targeted to describe literature data in a library with the RDF (Resource Description Framework). To decide a scope to provide the NTIS information in LOD format and convert it into triple data, R2RML is used. In addition, Pubby is adopted for an interface between the server and application while a triple store uses OntoBase2.0. Findings: Among a total of 389 national R&D information items provided by the NTIS, those except for personal information, secret and national defense and management items were set to be provided in LOD format. After analyzing 30 tables, the matters to be referred to during modeling were derived. In addition, ontology was designed by deriving item-concept or inter-concept relationships. To convert NTIS information into RDF, R2RML was used and the extracted triple data are stored in a triplestore. Users are able to get access to LOD data, using a SPARQL endpoint. Improvements/Applications: It is able to provide a lot of related information through connection with diverse LODs after opening national R&D information in LOD format. Then, this information would be available as base data in science and technology.

This article discusses an approach to classification of text documents using ontological approach. The method of text documents categorization based on metrics, which uses the rubric ontology specificity, is built.

Opening up data has become a global trend, especially when democratic governments want to show openness and transparency. In this paper, we describe how we implement a 4-star election open data in RDF in Taiwan. For the past fifty years, most of the data was recorded on paper and was stored in the Central Election Commission of Taiwan. First, we convert paper documents to PDF to digitize the data from the handwritten paper. We convert PDF files into CSV files by doing OCR and manual inputting. In addition, we classified and integrated all columns by their property and revised the column name in English. Since we were going to establish ontology to describe resources, properties, statements, and the relationship between entities, we structured E-R (entity-relationship) diagrams and transformed the E-R diagrams to ontology by using the Protege OWL tool afterwards. Finally, we opened up Taiwan election data in RDF with ontology and CSV files using Python automation.

In this study, Linked Data was used for extending bibliographic data, because Linked Data provides shareable identifiers, data structures, and link information. Linked Data is especially efficient in expanding bibliographic data integrated with bibliographic ontology. Therefore, Linked Data and bibliographic ontologies were analyzed and available Linked Data was suggested. By linking between meta-data schemes, bibliographic data, and authority data, issues for the effective Linked Data sharing were suggested: 1) selecting proper Linked Data for each bibliographic organization, 2) linking between different Linked Data, and 3) developing their own Linked Data for each bibliographic organization.

Document clustering is considered as an important tool in the fast developing information explosion era. It is the process of grouping text documents into category groups and has found applications in various domains like information retrieval, web or corporate information systems. Ontology-based computing is emerging as a natural evolution of existing technologies to cope with the information onslaught. This paper discusses the concepts behind ontology-based document clustering and compares the performance with existing traditional system. The results prove that introducing ontology concepts with document clustering is promising and improves clustering process.

A disease-treatment ontology is being developed to model and represent treatment information found in medical abstracts. Treatment information extracted from medical abstracts and medical articles can then be encoded in this ontology and used for information retrieval, question-answering, summarisation and knowledge discovery. This paper explains the initial version of the ontology developed based on an analysis of 50 medical abstracts on colon cancer therapy retrieved from the Medline database. The ontology divides disease-treatment information into five classes—disease, treatment, condition, effect, and evidence. The sub-classes, properties and instances of these main classes are discussed with examples. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.31.2.862

This special issue of the Applied Artificial Intelligence Journal addresses research issues on ontologies, an area that is receiving increased attention from researchers in diverse fields. Ontologi...

이 연구의 목적은 문학 분야의 서지적 온톨로지인 OCLC의 FictionFinder(http://fictionfinder.oclc.org)를 질적으로 평가하려는 것이다. FictionFinder는 FRBR모델을 기반으로 기존 목록의 질을 향상시켜 더 많은 가치를 부가하기 위해서 만든 모델인데, 이에 이것이 실제로 전반적인 검색 시스템 성능에 어떻게 영향을 끼치는 가를 평가한 것이다. 이를 위하여 40명의 대학교 4학년 학생이 ‘생각을 종이에 적기 방법’을 이용하여 다음과 같은 세가지 면을 평가하였다. 어떻게 이 온톨로지가 도움이 되었는가? 처음에 도움이 되리라고 생각되었던 것들이 실제로 도움이 되던가? 어떤 한 군데를 보던 이용자들이 실제로 관련이 되는 다른 곳으로 이동해서 보던가? 그 결과 온톨로지 기반의 정보검색은 Cutter의 두 번째 원칙대로 의미 있게 묶어서 보여주니 이용자에게 부가가치를 주었으며 인터페이스의 유용성과 사용성을 높여주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 질적인 방법에 의한 시스템 평가는 시스템 개발 시 전체적인 그림 구축과 이용자의 요구 파악하는데 유용함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 질적 평가도 정보검색시스템의 평가지표로서 활용될 수도 있을 것으로 본다.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an investigation of bibliographic families in COBIB especially relationships among their members.Design/methodology/approach – The entity‐relationship model is a convenient tool for analysing bibliographic records in library catalogues regarding a distinction between data on intellectual and/or artistic content and on the physical carrier.Findings – Bibliographic relationships are an important part of the catalogue although they are not always identified and expressed explicitly. So, users have troubles in searching as they have to figure out if and how similar records are connected.Originality/value – Incorporation of information on bibliographic relationships into the catalogue would make retrieval improved, more precise and easier implying also efficient exploitation of recorded knowledge.