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Although Num 25 is clearly a composite text, the manner of its compilation is still debated. This article presents a new analysis of the chapter as a test case for a fundamental issue in contemporary pentateuchal studies: whether the Pentateuch represents mainly a compilation of independent sources or a series of redactional strata. The analysis is focused on internal considerations of Num 25, suspending any theory of the formation of the Pentateuch, the nature of the Priestly writings, or the status of the book of Numbers. I conclude that Num 25 is more likely to consist of three independent narratives than several layers placed one on top of the other, and suggest several methodological considerations that can be helpful in analyzing other texts in the Pentateuch., Numbers 25 describes the Israelites engaging in idolatry through sexual transgression, YHWH's harsh response, and the acts that were prescribed and implemented to appease his wrath. As scholars have long [...]

INTRODUCTION In Numbers 12 we read about Miriam and Aaron's slander of Moses and the consequent punishment meted out to Miriam. Our sages and medieval commentators dispute what exactly it [...]

It starts with the asafsuf, the 'riffraff,' but soon it spreads throughout the people of Israel: a 'gluttonous craving' for meat in the desert. Feeling overwhelmed by their demands, Moses [...]

Abstract According to Numbers 35:9-34, someone who had killed an innocent person intentionally was to be killed by an avenger of blood. However, someone who had killed an innocent person [...]