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A series of cobalt ferrite/cadmium oxide (CFO/CO) hetero-junctions were synthesized via an ultra-sonication approach. The compositions were examined based on ferroelectric, optical and photo-catalytic properties. X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and photo-luminescence (PL) were employed for the characterization of the prepared materials. XRD analysis confirmed a distorted cubic phase with space group fm3m and grain size was in 17.6–19.2 nm range. The ferroelectric parameters were enhanced significantly by the addition of CO (CdO) into the CFO (CoFe 2 O 4) crystal lattice. The band-gap energy was decreased significantly of hetero-junctions from 3.29 to 2.54 eV. The enhanced ferroelectric polarization with low band-gap energy boosts their ferroelectric and optical responses. A reduction in PL intensity was observed in hetero-junctions. The photo-catalytic activity (PCA) of CFO and cobalt ferrite/cadmium oxide (1–4) hetero-junctions CFO/CO (1–4) was examined by photo-degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) dye under visible light exposure. The CFO/CO4 photo-catalyst exhibited superior PCA of 92% within 90 min irradiation. Additionally, photo-catalyst dose and pH effect on the kinetics of MB dye degradation was also examined. Superior PCA of CFO/CO4 in comparison to pure CFO makes this material a promising candidate for the removal of hazardous dyes in effluents under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pristine and Ni doped BaNi x Fe 12-x O 19 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) NPs have been fabricated via facile microemulsion approach and the impact of dopants was explored based dielectric, optical, structural and the photocatalytic properties of BaNi x Fe 12-x O 19 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and Raman study confirmed the formation of regular hexagonal geometry with space group P6 3 /mmc with crystallite size in 32–50 nm range. Functional groups were identified using FTIR analysis. The remanence (Pr), saturation polarization (Ps) and coercivity (Hc) was explored by P-E loop analysis and the value of Pr and Ps was enhanced with the concentration of dopant. According to PL spectra, highly doped materials had a higher charge separation (e−- h+) and low recombination rate, which resulted in higher photocatalytic degradation activity of fabricated nanomaterials. The optical band gap was found to be 1.78 eV versus undoped (2.60 eV for pristine BaFe 12 O 19). Due to polarizations, the dielectric loss, dielectric constant and tangent loss values were declined, while AC conductivity was enhanced. Photocatalytic performance of doped and undoped samples under visible right irradiation was studied for crystal violet dye. For 100 min exposure to visible light, the highly doped catalyst exhibits 97% degradation versus 60% in case of pristine this is attributed to efficient electron-hole pair separation. Furthermore, quenching effect of different scavengers indicated that hydroxyl radical had a main role, and e− or h+ played a minimal role in CV dye degradation. The enhanced properties due to doping make BaNi x Fe 12-x O 19 a potential candidate for photocatalytic applications under visible light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, pristine and a series of La and Co-doped dysprosium chromite (Dy 1-y La y Cr 1-x Co x O 3) nanoparticles have been fabricated via a facile microemulsion technique. The influence of doping was evaluated based on structural, ferroelectric, dielectric, and photocatalytic properties. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, Raman, and UV–Vis techniques. XRD patterns confirm the synthesis of a monophase orthorhombic structure with space group Pbnm with an average crystalline size in the 18–37 nm range. The saturation polarization (Ps), remanence (Pr), and coercivity (Hc) were determined using a hysteresis loop, and it was observed that by increasing the concentration of dopants, the value of Ps and Pr were improved. According to the PL spectra, highly substituted materials had a low recombination rate and higher charge separation (e− - h+), which was ultimately accountable for higher photocatalytic activity. The dielectric loss decreases with frequency and dopant concentration. The photocatalytic activity of Dy 1-y La y Cr 1-x Co x O 3 was investigated against Crystal Violet (CV) dye under sunlight irradiation. The Dy 1-y La y Cr 1-x Co x O 3 furnished a 70% dye degradation in 90 min, which is attributed to the tunned bandgap and efficient electron-hole pair separation and the photocatalytic activity under visible light making Dy 1-y La y Cr 1-x Co x O 3 a promising photocatalyst for dye removal from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al and Ag-doped Sr 1-x Ag x Fe 12-y Al y O 19 (x, y = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) nano-materials (NMs) were prepared via a facile microemulsion approach and the effect of doping was appraised based on structural, optical, electrical and catalytic properties. The NMs were characterized by XRD, FTIR and UV-Vis techniques along with ferroelectric and dielectric properties. The NMs structure was hexagonal symmetric with crystallite size in the 23.3–30.2 nm range. The ferroelectric and dielectric properties were affected significantly in response to dopant content. The band-gap (E g) values of NMs were in the 3.52–2.59 eV range. The photocatalytic efficiency (PCE) of bare strontium hexaferrite (SHF) and Sr 1-x Ag x Fe 12-y Al y O 19 was evaluated against Methyl Orange (MO) dye (an anionic dye) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dye (a cationic dye) under solar light irradiation. The PCE of SHAF4 was 89%, while it was 52% in the case of SHF whereas for RB, SHF shows 66% and SHAF-4 represents 92% degradation. Pure SHF and SHAF-4 points of zero charge (pH zpc) were found to be 7.09 and 6.9, respectively. The remarkable PCE of the highest doped Sr 1-x Ag x Fe 12-y Al y O 19 SHAF-4 makes this material a potential photo-catalyst for the removal of toxic dye from wastewater. • A series of Al and Ag-doped strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12 O 19) were prepared. • The Al and Ag-doping effect was evaluated based on dielectric, ferroelectric, optical and photocatalytic properties. • Photocatalytic efficiency was studied for the removal of textile dyes and a mechanism was proposed. • Sr 1-x Ag x Fe 12-y Al y O 19 has the potential for harvesting solar light for photocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • N-doped reduced graphene oxide/NiAl 2 O 4 hetero-junctions were fabricated. • Structural, magnetic, optical and photocatalytic properties were evaluated based on N-rGO contents. • NA@N-rGO-4 exhibited a remarkable 94.68% crystal violet dye degradation under solar light irradiation. • NA@N-rGO-4 has potential for harvesting solar light for photocatalytic applications. In this study, NiAl 2 O 4 (NA) was synthesized by the co-precipitation route and its hetero-junctions were fabricated with N-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) through the ultra-sonication method. The structural, morphological, magnetic, optical and photocatalytic properties of synthesized NA, N-rGO, and the NA@N-rGO 1–4 hetero-junctions characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, VSM, PL and UV–visible spectroscopy, respectively. XRD results showed that crystallite size decreases from 25.01 nm (NA) to 15.20 nm for NA@N-rGO-4 and porosity increases up to 77.7 % for NA@N-rGO-4 making it remarkable for photocatalytic applications and FTIR results confirmed the formation of N-rGO as well as its successful integration into NA matrix, resulting in the formation of hetero-junctions. Magnetic properties were investigated using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), revealing distinctive S-shaped hysteresis loops at 25 °C for both NA and N-rGO, as well as the NA@N-rGO 1–4 hetero-junctions and magnetic saturation decreases with an increase in N-rGO content as for NA@N-rGO-4 M s drops to 0.0038 emu/g. Notably, the bandgap of NA@N-rGO-4 hetero-junction was effectively reduced from 3.0 eV (in the case of NA) to 2.1 eV, resulting in a discernible decrease in photoluminescence (PL) intensity and increase in e--h+ pair separation. Under visible light, NA@N-rGO-4 exhibited a remarkable 94.68 % efficiency in crystal violet (CV) dye degradation within just 90 min, outperforming NA's 59.05 % degradation efficiency and OH. Radicals play a major contribution to the degradation of dye. The optimization of degradation capabilities was achieved through the manipulation of catalyst dosage, dye concentration and varying pH values for the degradation of CV dye. NA@N-rGO-4 hetero-junction demonstrates the considerable potential for efficient dye degradation in wastewater under visible light, owing to its exceptional catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Gd and Fe doped La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 was fabricated by facile micro-emulsion approach. • Ferroelectric, dielectric, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties were evaluated. • Ferroelectric, dielectric, electrochemical and photocatalytic found to be dopant ions dependent. • La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 have promising potential for harvesting solar light for catalytic applications. This work investigates the effects of double ion substitution on the ferroelectric, electrochemical, dielectric and photocatalytic properties of Gd and Fe doped La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 nanoparticles (NPs). La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 was fabricated by facile micro-emulsion path and its properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman scattering, Fourier Transform of Infrared (FTIR), energy dispersive x-rays (EDX) techniques. It has a distorted rhombohedral shape with crystallite size within the range of 17–23 nm. The doped material has a spherical heterogeneous morphology, and its surface area increased with increased doping. The electrochemical (CV, EIS, and I-V), conductivity and dielectric (dielectric constant and low dielectric & tangent loss) properties of La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 were dependent on the contents of the dopants (Gd and Fe). The doped material had improved specific capacitance compared to the undoped LaNiO 3 due to the synergistic effect of Gd and Fe on the doped materials. The conductivity of Gd and Fe doped LaNiO 3 5.16 × 104 Sm−1 was enhanced compared to the undoped LaNiO 3 3.52 × 10−2 Sm1. Furthermore, hysteresis loop was used to investigate the coercivity (Hc), saturation magnetization (Ms) and remanence (Mr) of the material. The Ms and Mr values were enhanced with the content of the dopants. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the material in degrading malachite green (MG) dye was studied. La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 NPs was able to degrade up to 96.4% of the dye under visible light irradiation in 50 min. La 1-y Gd y Ni 1-x Fe x O 3 has remarkable dielectric, electrochemical, ferroelectric and photo-catalytic properties and have potential applications in microwave, electrical, electronic, energy storage devices. It is also an active photo-catalyst material for the removal/oxidation of toxic pollutants from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium hexaferrite (CaDy x Fe 12-x O 19) was synthesized using the microemulsion method, incorporating Dy as a dopant at varying levels (x = 0.00, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, and 0.30). The effects of Dy-doping on the structural, magnetic, ferroelectric, dielectric and photocatalytic properties of CFO (CaDy x Fe 12-x O 19) was evaluated. X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV–vis spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of the prepared samples. A single-phase hexagonal structure with space group P63/mmc was verified by the XRD analysis and the crystallite size was in the 31.74 nm to 38.77 nm range. The ferroelectric properties were examined using a hysteresis loop (P-E), revealing that higher dopant concentrations led to decreased saturation polarization (Ps) and retentivity (Pr). Electrical studies, including I-V measurements, aligned with semiconductor behavior, as evidenced by Curie temperature and activation energy values. Magnetic assessments demonstrated increased saturation magnetization (0.028–0.049 emu/g) and remanence (0.0046–0.0144 emu/g) upon Dy-doping. Photocatalytic experiments exhibited promising crystal violet dye degradation under visible light irradiation, with highly doped catalyst showing 85 % degradation within 100 minutes, surpassing the 42 % degradation with pristine CaFe 12 O 19. The synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated promising stability and reusability in recycling experiments. Investigation of scavenger effects highlighted the crucial role of reactive •OH in dye degradation, surpassing the contributions of e- or h+ species. The CaDy x Fe 12-x O 19 holds significant potential for efficient photocatalytic application in the removal of dyes from effluents under visible light irradiation. • Dy-doped calcium hexaferrite (CaDy x Fe 12-x O 19) was synthesized using the microemulsion method. • Structural, ferroelectric, photocatalytic, and dielectric properties were investigated. • Photocatalytic experiments exhibited enhanced crystal violet dye degradation under visible light. • CaDy x Fe 12-x O 19 showed promising efficiency for carrying out the visible light-driven photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructures were prepared and photocatalytic potential was evaluated. • The materials were characterized by XRD, Raman, PL, SEM and UV–Visible techniques. • Photocatalytic efficiency was studied for the removal of MB dye. • NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO is a potential catalyst for harvesting solar light for photocatalytic applications. A series of NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructures were prepared and their photocatalytic potential was compared with bare NiFe 2 O 4 (NFO) and CuO (CO). The prepared materials were subjected to characterization using a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and UV–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic efficiency was studied for removing methylene blue (MB) dye under solar light irradiation. The NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructures demonstrated superior removal of MB dye versus other materials. The decline in PL intensity for heterostructure revealed a low recombination rate of charge carriers. Maximum dye removal over NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructure was achieved for 20 mg/L dye catalyst dose and 20 mg/L dye solution at pH 10. Scavenging studies showed that hydroxyl radicals and electrons played a major role in the degradation of dye. The removal efficiency was 80.01 %, which was reduced to 78.83 % for NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructures after four consecutive cycles, which indicates its high stability under solar light irradiation. The NiFe 2 O 4 /CuO heterostructures may find potential applications in water treatment for removing organic dyes under visible light owing to their robust catalytic performance under solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Co-doped and Cr-doped Ba 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the microemulsion route. The effects of Co and Cr substitution on the structural, dielectric, optical, and photocatalytic properties of the NPs were investigated. The Ba 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 NPs were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, Raman scattering, and dielectric measurements. The Ba 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 NPs were obtained in a single phase with an average crystallite size of 18 nm. The dielectric constant of the NPs decreased, while the dielectric loss and tangent loss increased with increasing dopant (Co and Cr) contents. The photocatalytic activities (PCAs) of the Ba 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 and BaFe 12 O 19 NPs were appraised by carrying out the degradation of CV (crystal violet) dye under solar light irradiation. The doping improved the PCA of BaFe 12 O 19, and up to 64.23% of the CV dye could be degraded within 60 min under visible light irradiation. The Ba 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 NPs showed great potential for application as an economic photocatalyst as they required solar light irradiation for the degradation of CV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Mg and Mn ions doping were performed in barium hexaferrite (Ba1−xMgxFe12−yMnyO19) (x = 0.0, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75, 0.90) and (y = 0.0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, 0.75) via facile micro‐emulsion route. XRD analysis revealed the formation of single‐phase hexagonal geometry of Ba1−xMgxFe12−yMnyO19 with the successful doping of the Mg and Mn ions. The average crystallite size was 19.5 nm, which was increased by increasing the dopant contents. The functional groups were identified by FTIR analysis. The dopant contents (Mg and Mn) affected the dielectric properties Ba1−xMgxFe12−yMnyO19 and AC conductivity was increased, while dielectric loss, tangent loss, and resistivity were decreased as the concentration of dopant ions was increased. The Tauc's plot was used for the band gap estimation of Ba1−xMgxFe12−yMnyO19, the band gap values were decreased from 2.94 to 1.90 (eV) due to generation Fermi energy and change in the Ba2+ ions at the tetra‐ and octahedral locations. Photocatalytic activity (PCA) was performed under visible light by degrading Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. The RhB dye was degraded up to 85% within 50 minutes following the first order reaction kinetics with 0.0224 min−1 rate constant. The results revealed that the BaFe12O19 NPs the band gap can be tuned by doping the Mg and Mn ions to enhance the visible light harvesting for economical photocatalytic applications in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Gadolinium‐ and Cobalt‐doped La1−yGdyNi1−xCoxO3 perovskite nanoparticles were synthesized using facile micro‐emulsion route to investigate the doping effect of Gadolinium and Cobalt on structural, morphological, dielectric, electrochemical, and photocatalytic activities of LaNiO3. The characterization of as‐synthesized material was performed using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX), UV‐visible, and Raman scattering techniques. Structural analysis of Gd‐ and Co‐doped LaNiO3 shows single‐phase distorted rhombohedral structure with successful doping of Gd and Co and particles size was estimated in the range of 25‐45 nm with heterogeneous morphology. The CV (cyclic voltammetry), EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), and current‐voltage (I‐V) analysis revealed that the Gd and Co doping enhanced the electrical properties of LaNiO3. CV and EIS of Gd‐ and Co‐doped composition (x, y = 0.50) electrode shows higher specific capacitance (148 Fg−1) vs undoped LaNiO3 (95 Fg−1). The (I‐V) results revealed that conductivity was improved by Gd and Co doping, the conductivity values for composition (x, y = 0.50) were 3.01 × 104 S/m vs 2.08 × 10−3 S/m for undoped LaNiO3. Frequency dependent dielectric properties of La1−yGdyNi1−xCoxO3 synthesized material show decreasing trend in dielectric constant, dielectric loss, tangent loss by increase in frequency and AC conductivity was increased by the doping of Gd and Co in LaNiO3. Resistivity measurements show a decrease in resistivity by Gd and Co doping. Ferroelectric loop of the Gd‐ and Co‐doped material shows an increased ferroelectric nature than LaNiO3. Photoluminescence spectra show an excitation peaks in visible region, which decreases as the dopant content (x, y) was increased. The band gap energy (Eg) was estimated using Tauc's plot and it was observed that by increasing the dopant (x,y) contents, the band gap was decreased (3.25‐2.53 eV). Photocatalytic activity of LaNiO3 and La1−yGdyNi1−xCoxO3 was tested for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under solar light irradiation. Result shows that the doped material was significantly more photocatalytically active than LaNiO3.The doped material degraded about 88.6% as compared with 35.3% of undoped LaNiO3. The LaNiO3 with Gd‐ and Co‐doped material shows an enhanced dielectric, electrochemical, ferroelectric, photocatalytic activities, and narrowing in energy band gap which might have promising application in electronic, energy storage devices and as active photocatalyst under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La 1-x Gd x Cr 1-y Ni y O 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by micro-emulsion approach. The fabricated NPs were characterized by EDX, SEM, XRD, VSM and UV–Vis techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the successful substitution of Gd3+ and Ni3+ ions into the LaCrO 3 structure with rhombohedral structure. The lattice parameters, i.e., bulk density, X-ray density, porosity and crystallite size were calculated for doped and undoped LaCrO 3. Morphology of the synthesized NPs shows the aggregation of particles. The average crystallite size determined through XRD and SEM was in the range 30–45 nm. The optical band gaps energy calculated using Tauc plots for undoped and doped material was found to be 2.17 eV–2.03 eV. The Hysteresis study revealed that the magnetization saturation of Gd3+ and Ni3+doped LaCrO 3 was greater than un-doped NPs showing the ferromagnetic properties of fabricated materials, which gradually increased by increasing the dopant Gd3+ and Ni3+ concentration. Investigation of dielectric properties for doped and undoped materials revealed that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss shows a decreasing trend at higher frequency due to the decrease in various types of polarization. Photocatalytic activities of as-synthesized La 1-x Gd x Cr 1-y Ni y O 3 NPs were evaluated by the degradation of crystal violet (CV) dye. It was observed that about 94.39% CV dye was degraded by as synthesized NPs in 45 min of UV light irradiation. The results revealed that doping of Gd3+ and Ni3+ in the crystal lattice of LaCrO 3 NPs reduces the band gap energy and significantly improves the dielectric and magnetic properties, which make them promising candidates to be used as photo-catalyst for the degradations of toxic textile dyes effluent, and for electronic and microwave devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a series of silver-doped strontium hexaferrite (Sr 1−x Ag x Fe 12 O 19) were fabricated by microemulsion route. The influence of dopant (Ag) on the structural, dielectric, optical and photocatalytic properties was analyzed, which were characterized by XRD, Raman, SEM, FTIR and UV–visible techniques along with photoluminescence and dielectric measurements. The XRD and Raman studies display the M-type hexagonal ferrite formation with a P6 3 /mmc space group with an average crystallite size of 25–32 nm. For Ag-doped SrFe 12 O 19, the UV–visible absorption coefficient showed a substantial red shift, leading to the reduction of the bandgap to 3.2–2.6 eV. The PL spectra reveal that highly doped materials displayed lower re-combination and enhanced charge-separation (e--h+). With dopant concentration, the dielectric loss decreased, while AC conductivity and dielectric constant increased. The photocatalytic activity was studied by degradation of the crystal violet (CV) dye under visible light irradiation and up to 86% dye degradation was achieved for Sr 1−x Ag x Fe 12 O 19 versus SrFe 12 O 19 (54%) in 120 min. Moreover, the stability was confirmed by consecutive cycles and doped material showed higher stability and reusability versus undoped. The effect of different scavengers was also studied to evaluate the dye degradation mechanism. In view of enhanced optical and catalytic properties, the Sr 1−x Ag x Fe 12 O 19 could be employed for the remediation of dyes in textile effluents under solar light irradiation, which will make the process economical versus UV light-based photocatalytic processes. • A series of Ag-doped Sr 1−x Ag x Fe 12 O 19 NPs were prepared by facile microemulsion route. • Dielectric, optical and photocatalytic properties were investigated based on dopant contents. • The doped material showed significantly higher PCA versus undoped martial. • Ag doped Sr 1−x Ag x Fe 12 O 19 have potential for effluent treatment under solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Cu and Fe doped NiCo 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites were prepared with varying dopant concentrations via a precipitation and ultrasonication route. The resulting Ni 1-x Cu x Co 2-y Fe y O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites were characterized by advanced techniques and effect of doping was investigated based on ferroelectric, dielectric, magnetic, electrical, optical and photocatalytic properties. The results confirmed the FCC spinel geometry of NiCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles with a spherical shape (ranging from 18 to 32 nm). The absorption range in the visible region and the suppression of electron-hole recombination were investigated through UV–Vis diffused reflectance spectra and PL analysis. The Cu and Fe doping significantly influenced the dielectric properties and the AC conductivity of Ni 1-x Cu x Co 2-y Fe y O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites was also increased with Cu and Fe substitution. The photocatalytic activity of doped Ni 0.75 Cu 0.25 Co 1.5 Fe 0.25 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 (NCCF3/g-CN) were evaluated for the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and Congo red dyes under visible light irradiation. The NCCF3/gCN nanocomposite exhibited the dye removal of 89 % versus undoped nanocomposite (50 %). The rate constants for CR dye degradation were found to be 0.04366 and 0.1009 (min−1) for the NCCF3/gCN nanocomposite and undoped nanocomposite NiCo 2 O 4 /gC 3 N 4 (NCO/gCN), respectively. The efficient separation of charge carriers was facilitated by the migration of photo-induced electrons from the g-C 3 N 4 surface to the NiCo 2 O 4. The influence of pH and catalyst dose on the kinetics of photocatalytic activity revealed a significant effect on the dye degradation rate. The results indicate that the NiCo 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 shows a promising potential for photocatalytic removal of dyes under visible light illumination, which could be employed for the removal of dyes from the effluents. [Display omitted] • Cu and Fe doped NiCo 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites were prepared by precipitation and ultrasonication route. • Optical, dielectric, ferroelectric, magnetic and photocatalytic properties were investigated based on Cu and Fe content. • The doped material showed significantly higher PCA versus undoped martial. • Cu and Fe doped NiCo 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 have potential for dyes effluent treatment under solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Mn-doped BaFe 12 O 19 nanoparticles synthesis via micro-emulsion route was prepared. • Dielectric, ferroelectric; optical and photocatalytic properties were investigated based on Mn content. • The doped material showed significantly higher PCA versus undoped martial. • Mn-doped BaFe 12 O 19 have potential for effluent treatment under solar light irradiation. A pristine and Mn-doped BaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 (x =0.0–0.3) NMs were synthesized via a facile micro-emulsion route. The impact of substitution was assessed across various properties including structure, ferroelectric behavior, dielectric characteristics, photocatalytic performance, and antibacterial activity. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of a single-phase hexagonal structure of barium hexaferrite (BHF). The P-E analysis revealed the high coercivity, Remnant polarization and maximum polarization of doped materials versus pure BaFe 12 O 19. Doping led to a reduction in the energy bandgap, consistent with the observed increase in polarization. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of pure BaFe 12 O 19 (BHF) was compared with highly substituted BaMn 0.3 Fe 12 O 19 (BMHF5) for the degradation of Crystal Violet, Malachite Green and Rhodamine B dyes under visible light irradiation. The doped BMHF5 exhibited superior PCA (94.6, 92.2 and 96.5 (%) for CV, MG and RhB dyes, respectively). The doped material also showed promising antibacterial activity. Owing to the promising enhanced optical properties, BMHF5 has the potential for the treatment of wastewater under solar light irradiation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed visible light-driven ABO 3 type (perovskite) lanthanum chromite (LaCrO 3) and Co–Ni co-doped (La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Ni y O 3 ; LCCNO) photocatalyst using a straightforward micro-emulsion process. Later, LCCNO nanoparticles were deposited on reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) utilizing an ultrasonication approach to form nanocomposite (LCCNO/r-GO). The investigation included structural, morphological, and elemental analyses, which were conducted using techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The present study investigated the impact of Co–Ni co-doping and rGO reinforcement on the bandgap and electrical conductivity in the context of optical analysis and current-voltage (I–V) experimentation. The nanomaterial's photocatalytic activity (PCA) was evaluated using crystal violet (CV), a well-recognized commercial dye. The composite as a photocatalyst exhibits superior CV dye photodegradation efficiency (99.02%; 100 min) compared to pure LCO (36.44%; 100 min) and co-doped LCCNO (73.74%; 100 min) counterparts due to its low band gap (2.14 eV), high conductivity (6.4 × 105 Sm−1), and large surface area (123.7 m2/g). Furthermore, a series of studies were conducted to examine the primary active free radicals generated by the composite material and to evaluate its long-term viability as a photocatalyst. The present research investigates the beneficial effects of co-doping and the incorporation of carbonaceous materials on the photocatalytic performance of ABO 3 -type perovskite. [Display omitted] • A nanostructured Co and Ni co-doped LaCrO 3 perovskite have been synthesized. • Binary metal doped perovskite anchored with graphene via ultrasonication method. • Structure, composition, morphology, and optical properties were exmianed. • The photocatalytic performance materials was assessed by studying the CV dye degradation. • Synthesize ternary nanocomposite removed the CV dye via an adsorption and degradation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, La1 − xCrxFeO3 (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0) was synthesized by micro-emulsion route and characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The dielectric, ferroelectric and photocatalytic properties were investigated and compared with un-doped material. The XRD analysis revealed orthorhombic geometry of La1 − xCrxFeO3 (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0), Cr was doped successfully into the lattice structure of LaFeO3 and particles were spherical and in agglomerated form. The grain sizes were recorded to be 15, 16.9, 17.1, 17.65 and 18.3 (nm) for La1 − xCrxFeO3 (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.0), respectively. EDX analysis confirmed the purity of LaCrFeO3 samples. The lattice parameters, bulk density, X-ray density, crystalline size and porosity were determined were also determined of all the La1 − xCrxFeO3 samples. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss values decreased at higher frequency and Cr concentration affected the dielectric properties. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) was evaluated by degrading Congo Red (CR) dye under solar light irradiation and up to 85.43% dye degradation was achieved within 45 min of irradiation. Phyto-toxicity analysis before and after dye degradation was performed, which revealed the toxicity reduction in response of dye degradation. Results revealed that lanthanum ferrite (perovskite) doping with Cr could possibly be employed to enhance the ferroelectric, dielectric and photocatalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Mn doping on CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 (x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) was prepared using a microemulsion route. The properties evaluated included ferroelectric, dielectric, electric, magnetic, and photocatalytic properties. The XRD, FTIR, SEM, Raman, and UV–Vis techniques were used to characterize the samples. The XRD patterns revealed that the samples exhibited a monophasic hexagonal structure with the space group P 6 3 / mmc. Average crystallite size was in 21.16 nm–33.79 nm range and particles were randomly dispersed platelet-shaped agglomerated grains. Furthermore, as dopant concentration and frequency were increased, the dielectric loss decreased. The CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 shows well saturated hysteresis loops (P -E) with an enhanced saturation polarization near 28.8 × 10−4 μC cm−2. The remnant polarization of CaFe 12 O 19 and CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 NPs are 1.27×10−4 μC cm−2 and 28.4×10−4 μC cm−2, respectively under a maximum electric field. The I–V properties of CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 were significantly influenced by the Mn concentration. The catalytic potential of the CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 samples was appraised against crystal violet (CV) dye degradation under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the Mn-doped samples exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity than pristine CaFe 12 O 19 , with a degradation rate of 90% compared to 61.53% within 100 min of irradiation. Different scavengers were employed and found that reactive •OH played a major role in dye degradation versus to e− or h+. These findings suggest that the Mn-doped material has great potential for application in photocatalytic processes to remove toxic dyes from wastewater under solar light irradiation. • Mn doped Ca-hexaferrite was prepared using a microemulsion route. • Ferroelectric, dielectric, magnetic and photocatalytic properties were studied. • Mn-doped samples exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity versus undoped. • CaMn x Fe 12-x O 19 has potential for visible light harvesting for photocatalytic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the potential photocatalytic activity of doped ferrites by examining the effects of zinc and nickel doping on barium hexaferrite (Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Ni y O 19) nanoparticles. To prepare the samples, we utilized a micro-emulsion approach and evaluated the influence of dopants on their structural, ferroelectric, and photocatalytic properties. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra indicated that the synthesized samples were hexagonal and belonged to the P63/mmc space group. The average crystallite size has been calculated in the range of 64–67 nm. By enhancing the dopant concentration, the optical bandgap decreased from 2.19 (eV) to 1.48 (eV). The material with a narrow bandgap is useful for catalytic application and PL signal was also revealed low-rate recombination of e−-h+ pair. Moreover, photo-degradation experiment was carried out by degrading the methyl violet dye under visible light irradiation. The highly substituted material furnished 87% of dye removal, which was 56% in case of undoped sample. The Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Ni y O 19 material demonstrates great potential as a photocatalyst for the degradation of dyes in effluents when exposed to visible light. This finding suggests that this material could be a valuable solution for addressing the challenges posed by dye contamination in wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single phase La 1-x Gd 1-x Ni 1-2y Fe 1-y Mn 1-y O 3 (x and y = 0.0–0.25) nanomaterials were prepared via microemulsion approach, where effect of dopants on various properties was studied. The slanted rhombohedral phase was formed having particle size in 60–90 nm range. Dielectric parameters value was decreased in lower frequency and constant at higher frequency. The AC conductivity was improved with doping and LNGFM5 (x and y = 0.0–0.25) revealed better current density versus pure LNO. PL analysis suggested that LNGFM5 have improved photocatalytic activity. Thus, higher dielectric constant, AC conductivity and electrochemical properties was enhanced significantly on doping. The optical bandgap was reduced from 2.5 eV (pristine LNO) to 2.0 eV for highly doped material. Doped LNGFM5 catalyst exhibited higher photocatalytic competence by furnishing 92.2% removal of methyl orange (MO) dye in comparison to pristine LaNiO 3 (49.5%) within 160 min of irradiation. The catalyst dosage and initial pH of solution significantly affected catalytic activity of LNGFM5. Based on the promising efficiency, the doped LNO materials has ability for the removal of dyes from the wastes under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Ga and Sr doped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO₃) was synthesized using a facile microemulsion technique and characterized using XRD, SEM, Raman, PL and UV–vis techniques. The XRD and Raman study revealed the rhombohedral phase of Bi 1-x Sr x Fe 1-x Ga y O 3 with R3‾c space group. The average crystalline size was in range of 28–42 nm. From P-E loop, the saturation polarization (P s), coercivity (H c) and remanence (P r) were determined and value of P r and P s increased with increasing dopant contents. Furthermore, there was a decline in dielectric loss with increased frequency and dopant content. The PL revealed that the highly substituted material had lower re-combination rate and higher charge (e−-h+) separation, which was finally responsible for its enhanced photo-catalytic activity. For Ga and Sr doped BiFeO₃, UV–Vis absorption edge exhibited substantial red shift thus reducing bandgap from 1.91 to 1.19 eV for highest doped composition. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of the material was investigated using methyl orange (MO) as model contaminant. Bi 1-x Sr x Fe 1-x Ga y O 3 exhibited much better photocatalytic efficiency and degraded 87% dye in comparison to pristine BiFeO 3 (66%) within 70 min under solar light. Also, stability of samples was demonstrated through re-cycling experiment. Bi 1-x Sr x Fe 1-x Ga y O 3 had higher stability and reusability compared to BiFeO₃. Based on these findings, B i 1 − x S r x F e 1 − y G a y O 3 material may find use in high frequency devices and photo-catalytic applications for treatment of industrial wastes due to its promising dielectric and photo-catalytic outcomes. • Ga and Sr doped BiFeO₃ synthesized via microemulsion approach. • Ferroelectric, optical, dielectric and photocatalytic properties were evaluated. • Physicochemical properties were enhanced significantly by doping. • Bi1-xSrxFe1-xGayO3 furnished promising efficiency for harvesting solar light for photocatalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of extended applications of nanoparticles, the nanoparticles synthesis is an extensive research field and green synthesis is one of the co-friendly methodologies. Plant extract mediated synthesis of nanoparticles has gained much attention in current decade. In current investigation, copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were prepared using P. granatum seeds extract (biological molecules) from copper(II) chloride salt. The synthesized CuNPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X- Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy techniques. The CuNPs formation occurred through reduction of metal ions followed by nucleation. The size of the CuNPs was in the range of 40–80 nm (average particle size was 43.9 nm) with semi spherical shape and uniformly distribution. Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methylene blue dye (150 mg/L) at various CuNPs doses (10 mg/L–100 mg/L). The synthesized CuNPs showed excellent PCA for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under solar light irradiation and up to 87.11% degradation was achieved. The oxidative degradation mechanism for MB was proposed. In view of efficient PCA, the use of biological molecules of P. granatum seeds extracts for the synthesis of CuNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticle attracted the attention of scientific community due to its simplicity, ease and eco-friendly nature. In the present study, Camellia Sinensis ( C. Sinensis ) leaves extract was employed for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs). The fabricated NiNPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) was evaluated by degrading crystal violet (CV) dye. The NiNPs size was in the range of 43.87–48.76 nm, spherical in shape and uniformly distributed with magnetization saturation of 0.073 emu/g. The NiNPs showed promising PCA under solar light irradiation. At optimized conditions, up to 99.5% CV dye degradation was achieved. Results revealed that biosynthesis can be adopted for the synthesis of NiNPs in nano-size range since it is simple, cost effective and eco-friendly in nature versus physico-chemical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated using Punica granatum peel extract from cobalt nitrate hexahydrate at low temperature. The synthesized cobalt-oxide NPs were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, atomic force microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-visible techniques. The cobalt-oxide NPs were in highly uniform shape and size was in the size of 40–80 nm. Photo-catalytic activity (PCA) of the synthesized NPs was evaluated by degrading Remazol Brilliant Orange 3R (RBO 3R) dye and a degradation of 78.45% was achieved (dye conc. 150 mg/L) using 0.5 g cobalt-oxide NPs for 50 min irradiation time. In view of eco-benign and cost-effective nature, the present investigation revealed that P. granatum could be used for the synthesis of cobalt-oxide NPs for photo-catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A series of Yttrium and Cobalt doped LaNiO 3 were prepared by micro-emulsion route. • Prepared samples were studied for structural, electrical, optical and catalytic properties. • The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading RhB dye. • Yttrium and Co doped LaNiO 3 have potential for dyes remediation under visible light irradiation. La 1-x Y x Ni 1−y Co y O 3 nanoparticles were fabricated via facile microemulsion route and impact of dopants was evaluated based on various structural, electrical and optical properties. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the distorted rhombohedral symmetry with space group R 3 c ¯ of La 1-x Y x Ni 1−y Co y O 3 with particle size in 76–92 nm range. Dielectric parameters showed high dispersion at low frequency, while remained constant at low values. The AC conductivity showed increasing trend with doping in association with enhanced polarization. Band gap was tuned from 2.75 eV for pure LaNiO 3 (LNO) to 2.60 eV for doped LNYC3 material in agreement with decline in PL intensity for improved catalytic response. The LNYC3 showed superior RhB degradation efficacy of 91% versus pure LNO (63%) in 210 min under visible illumination with rate constant of 0.0513 and 0.0029 min−1, respectively. In view of its promising catalytic activity, LNYC3 has potential application for the removal of dyes from effluents under solar light irradiation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of SrMn x Fe 12-x O 19 NPs have been synthesized via microemulsion method. The effect of substitution of Mn on the structural, optical, ferroelectric, dielectric, and photocatalytic properties was evaluated. XRD pattern confirmed the formation of hexagonal monophase magneto-plumbite crystalline structures and particle size was in 26–40 nm range. The UV–visible analysis revealed the decrease of bandgap energy from 2.59 to 1.44 eV. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and tangent loss were decreased, while AC conductivity values increased by increasing dopant content. The photocatalytic efficiency was examined against crystal violet dye and 96% dye degradation was achieved in 100 min (followed the first order kinetics) under visible light irradiation versus 60% for undoped material. The optical properties of SrMn x Fe 12-x O 19 are enhanced significantly by doping, which make the SrMn x Fe 12-x O 19 NPs a promising material to harvest wide range of solar light for photocatalytic applications including dyes remediation in effluents under solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study Manganese peroxidase, from novel fungus Agaricus bisporus A21 was purified, thermally characterized and its catalytic properties were investigated. The four step purification procedure i.e., ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography yielded 6.9 % activity with a purification factor of 8.48. The optimum temperature and pH of Manganese peroxidase for the oxidation of Manganese peroxidase were 40˚C and pH 6.0 respectively and remain active within the pH range of 3-10 after 24 h.The catalysis of MnSO4 by Manganese peroxidase was expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation, suggesting that the maximum velocity (Vmax) was 231 U/mL and the Michaelis constant was 3.33mM revealing a binding site with higher substrate affinity. Enthalpy of activation decreased where Free energy of activation for thermal denaturation increased at higher temperatures. The partially purified manganese peroxidase shows excellent decolorization potential for Orange G (from 19.32 to 96 %) by the addition of natural mediator of wheat bran. UV–Vis spectrum and HPLC chromatogram clearly revealed that orange G transformed into different products. Thermostability and efficient decolorization suggest that this enzyme could be receiving substantial attention for its potential application in the biotransformation of organo-pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Gd and Fe doped La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and their nanocomposites (NCs) with reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) were fabricated by ultra-sonication approach. The as-fabricated La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO was characterized by Raman scattering, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques along with electrical conductivity and photocatalytic studies. Analysis revealed that the NPs had distorted rhombohedral geometry and their crystallite size was in the range of 19–27 nm. The surface area of La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO NCs increased from 67 to 153 m2/g by doping and adding r-GO. Two probe current-voltage (I-V) analysis shows the electrical conductivity of the material improved from 5.2 × 10−2 S/m to 4.8 × 105 S/m by doping and adding r-GO. The photocatalytic performance of LaNiO 3 , La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 NPs and La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO NCs was evaluated by degrading methyl green (MG) dye under solar light irradiation. Results revealed that the LaNiO 3 and La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 NPs degraded up to 38.1% and 62.3% MG dye under solar irradiation for 70 min. It was observed that La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO NCs furnished 93.8% higher MG dye compared to LaNiO 3. La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO NCs had excellent degradation efficiency due to the combined effect of doping Gd and Fe and adding r-GO. This was due to the defect in the structure of La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO, which inhibited the recombination of charge carrier species. NCs with excellent electrical conductivity and photocatalytic activity could have potential applications as a photocatalyst under solar light irradiation. [Display omitted] • Gd and Co substituted LaNiO 3 were fabricated by facile micro-emulsion approach. • La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 nanocomposites with rGO was prepared. • The morphological, structural, optical and photocatalytic pproperties were studied. • Photocatalytic activity was improved significantly by doping and GO addition. • La 1-x Gd x Ni 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO showed promising potential for harvesting solar light for catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, the fabrication of chromium (Cr) and zinc (Zn) doped barium hexaferrite nanoparticles (Ba ₁˗ₓ ZnₓFe ₁₂‐y Cr ʏ O ₁₉ NPs) using facile microemulsion route was undertaken. The impact of Cr and Zn doping on photocatalytic, structural, ferroelectric and dielectric properties was investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the formation of hexagonal ferrite structure of Ba ₁˗ₓ ZnₓFe ₁₂‐y Cr ʏ O ₁₉ NPs. The size of the NPs was in the range of 17–26 nm with tendency to form aggregates. The band gap of barium hexaferrite was increased with doping contents due to difference in ionic radii of dopants. The polarization-electric (P-E) field loops confirmed the ferroelectric behavior of synthesized Ba ₁˗ₓ ZnₓFe ₁₂‐y Cr ʏ O ₁₉ NPs. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of Ba ₁˗ₓ ZnₓFe₁₂‐ y Cr ʏ O ₁₉ NPs was evaluated for Rhodamine B (RhB) dye removal under solar light irradiation and up to 81.8% dye degradation was observed within 90 min of irradiation. Results revealed that catalytic, ferroelectric and dielectric properties of barium hexaferrite can be enhanced with Cr and Zn doping for different applications. [Display omitted] • Cr and Zn doped barium hexaferrite was fabricated by micro-emulsion method. • The optical, dielectric, ferroelectric, and photocatalytic properties were affected significantly by doping. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated under solar light irradiation. • The Ba ₁˗ₓ Zn ₓ Fe ₁₂‐y Cr ʏ O ₁₉ has potential for catalytic application under sunlight irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zinc and manganese substituted barium hexaferrite (Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19) nanoparticles (0.00 < x < 0.90; 0.00 < y < 0.75) was fabricated by microemulsion approach and effect of substitution was evaluated on the basis of electrochemical, dielectric and photocatalytic properties. The Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19 NPs exhibited ferrite structure with hexagonal phase having P6 3 /mmc space group and the crystallite size was in 16–21 nm range. The microstructure of Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19 NPs showed the agglomerated spherical structure. The effect of doping on the electrochemical property of the fabricated material was investigated via cyclic voltammetry. The energy band gap was estimated from UV–visible absorbance spectra using Tauc plots, band gap values show a decreasing trend by increasing the dopant contents, i.e., 1.89 (eV) to 1.31 (eV) for doped samples. The low band gap value material has promising potential in optical and catalytic applications. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19 NPs were monitored in 20 Hz to 0.017 GHz range. By increasing the dopants content, tangent loss and dielectric loss were increased, while the AC conductivity was decreased. Moreover, photocatalytic efficiency was investigated by degrading methyl green (MG) dye under visible light irradiation and it was found that the substituted NPs exhibited maximum degradation of 85.1% of MG dye following the first order kinetic with rate constant of 0.0188 min−1. The results depict that the properties of BaFe 12 O 19 can be tuned by Zn and Mn doping for potential application in photocatalysis. [Display omitted] • Zn and Mn doped Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19 was fabricated by facile micro-emulsion approach. • Doping affected the dielectric, optical, electrochemical and photocatalytic properties significantly. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading methyl green dye. • Ba 1-x Zn x Fe 12-y Mn y O 19 have promising potential for harvesting solar light for catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gadolinium and iron doped LaNiO 3 perovskites were prepared via facile micro-emulsion approach and characterized using various techniques. A single-phase distorted rhombohedral geometry was obtained with effective doping of Gd and Fe ions in LaNiO 3. Photoluminescence spectra show the decrease in intensities on Gd and Fe doping. The energy band gap values decreased from 2.85 to 2.21 eV by doping. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of undoped and doped LaNiO 3 was evaluated by the degradation of RhB under sunlight irradiation. Gd and Fe doped NPs shows about 89.3% degradation of RhB with 90 min versus 33.5% for LaNiO 3. The antibacterial activity of the undoped LaNiO 3 and Gd and Fe doped NPs were examined against Bacillus cereus (B, cereus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) , which shows remarkable antibacterial activities. The antifungal activity was improved by doping against Green fumigates, penicillin and Black niger. Molecular docking studies were performed with ligand (La–Gd Ni–CeO) and GerK3, GerBC and FtsZ receptor protein of B. megaterium and B. subtilis exhibited a reliable binding affinity towards microbial proteins. Results reveals that the Gd and Fe doped material annealed at 950 °C have narrow band gap and revealed a probable catalytic application under visible light exposure. [Display omitted] • Gd and Fe substituted LaNiO 3 perovskite oxides were fabricated by facile micro-emulsion approach. • Doping of Gd and Fe affected the photocatalytic and the antimicrobial properties. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated using RhB dye and 89.3% degradation versus 33.5% for LaNiO 3. • The perovskite oxides showed promising potential for harvesting solar light for catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of Co2+ and Cr3+ doped strontium hexaferrite (Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19) nanoparticles were synthesized via micro-emulsion technique. Effect of Co and Cr ions doping was estimated using structural, dielectric, photocatalytic and optical properties of Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19. The Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 were characterized employing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), (Scanning electron microscopy) SEM and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The XRD analysis confirmed formation of hexagonal M-type ferrites with average crystallite size of 38 nm. Dielectric properties analysis revealed that the of Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 has high dielectric constant, low dielectric and tangent loss versus SrFe 12 O 19. The band gap energy decreased with the Co2+ and Cr3+ contents due to incorporation of sub band gaps and reduction of particle size. The photocatalytic activity (PCA) of Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 was evaluated by degrading the Rhodamine B (RhB) dye under solar light irradiation. The Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 degraded up to 87.6% of dye in 45 min of solar light irradiation with rate constant of 0.03834 min−1. Results revealed that Co2+ and Cr3+ doping tuned the optical properties and Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 has potential to harvest the solar light for photocatalytic applications. The high electrical conductivity and tuned band gap make such materials as feasible to utilize them efficiently in photovoltaic cells, SOFCs and as an encouraging photocatalyst for water remediation. [Display omitted] • SrFe 12 O 19 doping was done with Co and Cr ions by facile micro-emulsion approach. • Doping effect was evaluated on the basis of dielectric, optical and photocatalytic properties. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading RhB dye under solar light exposure. • The Sr 1-x Co x Fe 12-y Cr y O 19 revealed significantly higher PCA under solar light irradiation bersus SrFe 12 O 19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study involves the development of bioremediation process for simulated solutions of reactive dyes by Agaricus bisporus A21. Initially screening trial with four Reactive dyes, viz. NOVACRON Reactive black, NOVACRON Reactive blue, NOVACRON Reactive red and NOVACRON Reactive G. Yellow was carried out using Agaricus bisporus A21. Among four dyes tested the fungus showed better decoloration efficiency (67.7 %) with NOVACRON Reactive black as compared to other dyes during a 10th day period. The effect of various operational parameters like pH, incubation temperature, carbon & nitrogen additives, surfactant as well as dye concentration was optimized for enhanced decolorization of the dye under study. The effect of various redox mediators like ABTS, veratryl alcohol, MnSO4, guaiacol, glyoxlate on enzyme activity and removal of color was also investigated. After optimization of process conditions the rate of removal was enhanced up to 84 % just within 5 h .Enzymes involved in the degradation of the dye have been investigated and it was found that MnP (820 IU/mL) was the major enzyme responsible for the dye degradation. It was shown that there was a direct correlation between the observed enzyme activity and the investigated process effectiveness. The results indicated that Agaricus bisporus A21 could be used to treat dyes containing wastewater from various industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Gd, Co and Fe substituted LaNiO 3 perovskite oxides were fabricated by facile micro-emulsion approach. • Doping of Gd, Co and Fe affected the ferroelectric, dielectric and photocatalytic properties. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated by degrading RhB dye. • The perovskite oxides showed promising potential for harvesting solar light for catalytic applications. A series of Gd, Co and Fe substituted LaNiO 3 perovskite oxides were synthesized via microemulsion approach. The influence of dopants was investigated on the basis of ferroelectric, dielectric and photocatalytic properties. X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques were employed for the characterization of prepared samples. XRD analysis confirmed the distorted rhombohedral phase with space group R3¯c and the grain size was in 65–48 nm range. The ferroelectric and dielectric parameters including AC conductivity were increased except AC resistivity with dopant contents. The band gap energy was reduced significantly in doped samples from 3.01 to 2.43 eV. A decrease in PL (photoluminescence) intensity was also observed in doped samples. The PCA (photocatalytic activity) of pure and substituted LaNiO 3 was studied by photodegradation of RhB (rhodamine B) dye under visible light exposure. The LNGCF5 (x = y = 0.25) composition exhibited superior PCA of 97% within 120 min irradiation time in comparison to pure LaNiO 3. The rate constants for LaNiO 3 and LNGCF5 were 0.006 min−1 and 0.0096 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, effect of catalyst load and pH on kinetics of PCA was also studied, which affected the RhB dye degradation significantly. The enhanced dielectric constant and AC conductivity of LNGCF (1–5) introduce these materials as potential candidates for dielectric resonator and memories devices. The increased ferroelectric polarization along with low band gap energy improved their ferroelectric photovoltaic response, which makes their feasibility in photovoltaic devices. Superior PCA of LNGCF5 under visible illumination in comparison to pure LaNiO 3 introduces this material as promising photocatalyst for the removal of hazardous and toxic dyes in effluents under solar light irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extracellular pectinase from a mixed consortium of Bacillus sp. (BSP) was immobilized onto graphene oxide/chitosan composite (GO/CS) through covalent binding to enhance its recycling and operational stability features. Different parameters were optimized, including cross-linker concentration (%), time, pH, and GO/CS-pectinase ratios. GO/CS-pectinase was further characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The activity of GO/CS-pectinase was reached up to 804 μmolmin−1 with an immobilization efficiency of 80.64 ± 1.15 % under optimum conditions. GO/CS-pectinase exhibited a 3.0-folds higher half-life (t 1/2) than free pectinase at 50, 55, and 60 °C, respectively. The V max and K M values of GO/CS-pectinase were found to be nearly equal to the free pectinase indicating that conformational flexibility was retained. K d , t 1/2 , ∆ G *, ∆ H *, and ∆ S * of both free pectinase and GO/CS-pectinase was 0.0339 & 0.0721 min−1, 9.62 and 40.44 min, 81.35, 90.72 kJmol−1, 47.098 & 63.635 kJmol−1, −102.86 & −81.340 Jmole−1 K−1. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the successful binding of pectinase with GO/CS, which retained about 92 % of its original catalytic activity after ten consecutive reaction cycles. Finally, GO/CS-pectinase was employed for guava juice clarification which exhibited the turbidity reduction up to 81 % after 75 min of treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Laccase mediator systems are important bioremediation agents as the rate of reactions could be enhanced in the presence of the mediators. In the present study commercial laccase was used for the biotransformation of malachite green (MG), a cationic dye in the presence of phenolic compounds of groundnut shells and lignin-related synthetic redox mediators. The addition of ethanolic phenolic extract of groundnut shell enhanced the decolorization of MG from 38.73 to 87.32%. All the selected natural phenolic compounds enhanced the decolorization of MG like synthetic mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. Characterization of MG transformation products by UV–vis and HPLC analyses revealed that N-demethylation was the key mechanism of decolorization of MG by laccase alone as well as in the presence some of redox mediators. But in case of MG decolorization with laccase mediated system by groundnut shell extract and other natural compounds, leuco-malachite green was the major transformed product. Growth inhibition test based on mycelial growth inhibition of white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 1556) revealed that treatment with laccase plus natural and synthetic mediators effectively reduced the growth inhibitory levels of MG than that of control. Thus, the study revealed that the natural phenolic compounds could be used as potential redox mediators for enhanced laccase-mediated decolorization of malachite-green dye. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Pristine LaCrO 3 and Co, Fe co-doped La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Fe y O 3 (x, y = 0.24) perovskite nanoparticles was prepared via micro-emulsion method and the La 1-x Co x Cr 1 − yFeyO 3 composite was prepared with 5% reduced-graphene oxide (r-GO) by ultra-sonication process. The morphological, structural and thermal properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The effect of Co, Fe doping and r-GO on the conductivity of the synthesized samples was investigated by current-voltage (I- V) analysis. The perovskite structure was orthorhombic with particle size in 21.24 to 31.58 nm range. Crystal violet (CV) dye was selected for evaluation of photocatalytic activity (PCA) of the prepared materials under visible light irradiation. La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO showed remarkably higher PCA as compared to pristine LaCrO 3 and La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Fe y O 3. The r-GO composite furnished the CV dye degradation of 89.08% within 100 min irradiation under visible light at the light intensity in the range of 864.45–872.86 W/m2. This valuable enhancement in PCA was due to the structural features of La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Fe y O 3 /r-GO nanocomposite. In view of promising PCA, the composite has potential for the catalytic degradation of dyes in effluents using sunlight irradiation. • Co and Fe co-doped La 1-x Co x Cr 1-y Fe y O 3 was synthesized by the micro-emulsion route. • La 1-x Co x Cr 1 − yFeyO 3 /r-GO composite was prepared with reduced graphene oxide. • The morphological, structural and thermal properties were studied. • Photocatalytic activity was evaluated for crystal violet (CV) dye degradation under natural sunlight. • The composite showed enhanced electrical conductivity and photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the past few decades, rapid industrializations of the world communities have seriously influenced our natural ecosystem. The efforts to develop/invent a novel material as a photocatalyst for non-degradable organic contaminants are keen need for recent ages. We report Gd and Co-doped LaNiO 3 (La 1 − y Gd y Ni 1 − x Co x O 3) synthesized via co-precipitation method and nanocomposites was prepared with 10% reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) via ultra-sonication method. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy to investigate their structure and allowed Raman vibrations. The particle size, shape, and elemental compositions were examined by SEM and EDX analysis. The La 1 − y Gd y Ni 1 − x Co x O 3 /rGO nanocomposites possessed extensive BET surface area (134 m2/g) compared to pristine LaNiO 3 (77 m2/g) and La 1 − y Gd y Ni 1 − x Co x O 3 (89 m2/g). The photocatalytic properties of as-prepared materials were enhanced by extensive BET surface area. The effect of doping and the addition of r-GO on the electrical conductivity of the fabricated materials were investigated via two probe current-voltage (I-V) tests. Energy band gap (E g) were calculated from UV–visible absorbance spectra using Tauc plots., band gap values shows a decreasing trend by increasing dopant Gd and Co content i.e. 2.80 (eV) to 2.07 (eV) for doped samples, and subsequently decrease on composites formation 1.90 (eV). Narrowing in the band gap value is considered very important for many optical and catalytic applications. For application studies, the photocatalytic activities of the fabricated photocatalyst were tested under natural sunlight by using methylene blue (MB) as a typical contaminant. After 90 min of irradiation, the pristine LaNiO 3 photocatalyst degraded 26.3% of MB dye, while Gd and Co-doped LaNiO 3 degraded 47.1% of MB dye. Surprisingly, the La 1 − y Gd y Ni 1 − x Co x O 3 /r-GO nanocomposites photocatalyst degraded 81.4% of MB, which is faster than the pristine LaNiO 3 photocatalyst. The enhancement in the degradation efficiency and degradation rate of La 1 − y Gd y Ni 1 − x Co x O 3 /r-GO nanocomposites is accredited to its novel structures and r-GO supplement. The material with narrow band gap and high electrical conductivity are good choice as catalyst and other optical applications. Unlabelled Image • Gd and Co-doped LaNiO 3 nanocomposite with reduced graphene oxide was prepared via ultra-sonication route. • Nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, EDX, BET, SEM, UV–visible and Raman spectroscopy techniques. • Photocatalytic activity was tested under natural sunlight by degrading methylene blue dye. • Under optimum conditions, up to 81.4% of MB dye was degraded. • In view of promising PCA, nanocomposite is a potential material for dye remediation under natural sunlight irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the promising efficiency of composites, in the current study, a graphene oxide (GO)-magnetite-Prussian blue (PB) composite material was prepared. The composite exhibited electrical conductivity, magnetic permeability, and permittivity nature, and was evaluated using electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding studies. GO was developed by the Hummer's method, ferrite (Fe 3 O 4) was incorporated by the sol-gel method, and PB was introduced in the mixture by an in-situ process. The fabricated samples were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman Spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy along with EMI shielding efficiency (SE) evaluation. The SE of −71.66 dB of reflection losses was measured at a frequency of 1.5 MHz. The GO/Fe 3 O 4 /PB composite provided the best results for the detection in the 1–18 MHz frequency range because of its excellent electric and magnetic properties. The obtained results demonstrated that the GO/Fe 3 O 4 /PB composite has promising potential applications in EMI shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bifenthrin is an insecticide and anti-estrogenic compound primarily used to control residential pests by depolarizing sodium gated voltage channels in the nervous system. Eryptosis, the suicidal death of erythrocytes, featured by PS exposure, membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. Anemia is an outcome of uncontrolled eryptosis. Research Design: In this study, erythrocytes were treated with different concentrations (.5-1-1.5 μM) of bifenthrin over a period of 48 hours. In order to investigate the oxidative stress induced by bifenthrin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were investigated. Results: Obtained data indicated the decrease in the enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) activities in bifenthrin treated cells at 1 μM concentration. In addition, measurement of cell size and confirmation of the role of calcium in the stimulation of the eryptotic activity of bifenthrin were performed. A significant increase in mean cell volume was found in the presence of bifenthrin and a decrease in mean cell volume in the presence of calcium channel blocker was observed. Similarly, there was also a significant increase in the percentage of hemolysis indicating the necrotic activity of bifenthrin. Conclusions: It is concluded that the indicated doses of bifenthrin triggered oxidative stress which may lead to early cell death by eryptosis and hemolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteases with alkaline nature and requisite catalytic characteristics have been the supreme interest of numerous industrial sectors. The present study was focused on justifying the following aims, i.e., (1) protease producing strain improvement via physical and chemical mutagenesis, (2) protease optimization, purification, and immobilization on chitosan beads, and (3) de-staining and goat skin dehairing potentialities of chitosan beads immobilized protease (ChitB-protease). Briefly, a protease produced by a UV mutant Bacillus sp. MS1 was purified and characterized to present its scope for detergent and leather sectors. Two-step purification resulted up to 4.1-fold purification and 41% yield of Bacillus sp. MS1 protease. The purified fraction was identified as a monomeric with an apparent molecular weight of 28 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protease was entrapped in glutaraldehyde-activated chitosan beads to improve its stability and reusability. The ChitB-protease represented the highest activity and immobilization efficiency of 10.31 U/mL and 86.43 ± 1.15%, respectively. ChitB-protease exhibited better catalytic activity in a broader pH range and higher temperature than free enzyme. Moreover, a significant improvement in the thermal resistance was also recorded after immobilization. ChitB-protease retained 70.53% of its initial activity after seven washings. SEM morphological analysis further confirmed the recycling efficiency of ChitB-protease. Furthermore, a complete de-staining and dehairing were observed within the short incubation period. These results suggest that this protease is potentially useful in many industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Diagnosis of COD kidney stones was performed in the aqueous solution of B. pinnatum. • B. pinnatum powder was mixed in apple cider vinegar and lemon juice. • A considerable weight reduction of two surgically kidney stones was observed in the solution. • The COD was monitored by FTIR and Raman spectroscopic analysis. • Mixture of B. pinnatum powder and lemon juice is a best remedy to remove kidney stones. Urolithiasis is one of most common renal disorders, characterized by the formation of kidney stones (renal calculi) through the crystallization process within the urinary system. The frequently observed renal calculi are calcium oxalate renal calculi and treatment is done by shock wave method or lithotripsy which is harmful for other cells of the internal system. The objective of this work was to evaluate in vitro diagnosis of calcium oxalate kidney stones in the aqueous solution of Bryophyllum pinnatum. The B. pinnatum powder was mixed in apple cider vinegar and lemon juice separately to make solution 1 and 2 respectively. Apple cider vinegar and lemon juice were used as solvents due to their acidic and body compatible nature. Two surgically removed stones was dipped in solution 1 and 2. After two weeks, kidney stone of weight 2.7 g is completely dissolved in solution 2 while a considerable weight reduction of other kidney stone has been observed in solution 1. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results show the presence of two strong absorption peaks at 610 and 912 (cm−1) in both solutions after dissolution of urinary stones are related to calcium oxalate dehydrate (COD). Raman spectra further confirm the dissolution of COD in solution having Raman shifts at 504 and 910 (cm−1). Cluster formation and aggregation of particles has been observed in scanning electron microscopy images. This in vitro study proves that a mixture of Bryophyllum pinnatum powder and lemon juice is a best remedy to remove kidney stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Stable WPUDs with variation in size of soft segment were prepared. • Tear strength of cotton fabric was improved with application of WPUDs. • WPUDs showed antimicrobial activity. • Antimicrobial effect was diminishing with increase in size of soft segment. The waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs) have substituted solvent borne systems due to strong environmental concerns. In this study, a series of WPUDs synthesized to evaluate the impact of size of soft segment (Polyethylene glycol; PEG) on their properties. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering, rheometer and gravimetric determination of total solid content were used to assess the physicochemical properties of dispersions. The appearance of characteristic NH and C O urethane bands in FTIR spectra demonstrated the proposed synthesis of WPUDs. An increase in the molecular weight of hydrophilic soft segment ensued a decrease in average particle size of dispersions along with a parallel increase in viscosity and total solid content of dispersions. The textile testing and SEM analyses supported the finishing of cotton fabric with slight improvement in tear strength. However, no significant correlation was observed between tear strength and size of soft segment. Furthermore, the dispersions showed antimicrobial activity against gram −ve and +ve bacteria though the effect was diminishing with increase in the molecular weight of soft segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were synthesized using Leptadenia pyrotechnica leaf extract for the first time. Monometallic NPs were also obtained for comparison. The characterization of the prepared NPs was carried out using various techniques, including UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The latter confirmed the crystalline nature and diameter of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. The SEM images of the prepared NPs revealed their different shapes. The biological activities of the NPs were evaluated concerning their antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The antibacterial activities were measured using the time-killing method. The results demonstrated that both the monometallic and bimetallic NPs inhibited the growth of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The antioxidant activities of the NPs were evaluated using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay and their cytotoxicity was checked using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The results indicated that the controlled quantity of the monometallic and bimetallic NPs did not affect the viability of the cells. However, the decreased cell (L-929) viability suggested that the NPs could have anticancer properties. Furthermore, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl violet and 4-nitrophenol was investigated using the prepared Ag/ZnO NPs, examining the factors affecting the degradation process and conducting a kinetic and thermodynamic study. The prepared Ag/ZnO NPs demonstrated good photocatalytic degradation (88.9%) of the methyl violet (rate constant of 0.0183 min−1) in comparison to 4-nitrophenol (NPh), with a degradation rate of 81.37% and 0.0172 min−1, respectively. Overall, the bimetallic NPs showed superior antibacterial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, and photocatalytic properties compared to the monometallic NPs of Ag and ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degradation of dyes is a difficult task due to their persistent and stable nature; therefore, developing materials with desirable properties to degrade dyes is an important area of research. In the present study, we propose a simple, one-pot mechanochemical approach to synthesize CuO nanoparticles (NPs) using the leaf extract of Seriphidium oliverianum, as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The CuO NPs were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photocatalytic activity of CuO NPs was monitored using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The CuO NPs exhibited high potential for the degradation of water-soluble industrial dyes. The degradation rates for methyl green (MG) and methyl orange (MO) were 65.231% ± 0.242 and 65.078% ± 0.392, respectively. Bio-mechanochemically synthesized CuO NPs proved to be good candidates for efficiently removing dyes from water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dy 3+ metal ions doped nanocrystalline lead zirconate perovskite with nominal composition Pb 1−1.5x Dy x ZrO 3 (x=0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04 and 0.05) were fabricated by wet chemical micro-emulsion technique. The annealing of all the samples was done at 700 °C for 3 h. The prepared nanocrystalline powder was characterized by different techniques such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), dielectric response and dc-electrical resistivity. The powder XRD pattern confirmed the development of orthorhombic perovskite structure and the size of crystallite was calculated in the range of 45–135 nm. The lattice parameters and the crystallite size were demonstrated a nonlinear trend. The FTIR spectra were represented the intrinsic cation's vibration in the characteristic perovskite orthorhombic structure which observed in the range of 500−4000 cm −1 . The dielectric properties of all the prepared samples were measured in the range of 1×10 6 to 1×10 9 Hz at room temperature. The decreasing trend in dielectric characteristics was observed with the incorporation of Dy 3+ metal ions in PbZrO 3 and also in these dielectric parameters, the damping effect was observed due to the replacement of Pb 2+ ions with Dy 3+ ions in the region of higher frequency. The ac conductivity was measured in the range of 6.94×10 −5 –2.73×10 −5 (Ω cm) −1 by using dielectric results at 1.5 MHz frequency. Such results revealed that the ac conductivity have decreasing behavior with the doping of Dy 3+ ions in PbZrO 3 nanocrystals. The current voltage (I-V) measurements depicted the increase in DC-electrical resistivity with increase of Dy 3+ content in lead zirconate. The minimum and maximum resistivities were observed as 1.315×10 11 Ω cm for PbZrO 3 and 2.206×10 11 Ω cm for Pb 0.955 Dy 0.03 ZrO 3 nanocrystals, hence two fold increase in DC-electrical resistivity was found. The dominating influence of doping on dielectric and electric parameters is highly encouraging for the manufacturing of high frequency memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyes are emerging as harmful pollutants, which is one of major issues for the environmentalists and there is a urgent need for the removal of dyes from the effluents. In this context, the adsorption technology has been extensively used as an effective tool for the removal of dyes from the aqueous phase. This technique uses low-cost adsorbents and the cellulosic material is a biodegradable, cost-effective and renewable polymer, which is not soluble in the majority of solvents because of its crystalline nature and hydrogen bonding. Currently, the modified cellulosic materials for the removal of dyes from wastewater gained much attention. Moreover, the application of cellulose for water treatment can be utilized for controlling pollution and have high economic viability and availability. This review signifies the use of cellulose-based adsorbent for dyes adsorption from wastewater. The key advancement in the preparation and modification of cellulose-based adsorbents is discussed and their adsorption efficiencies are compared with other adsorbents for removal of dyes and adsorption conditions are also considered for the same. The studies reporting cellulose-based adsorption from 2003 to 2022 are included and their various properties are compared for the efficient removal of dyes. The modified cellulosic materials cellulose is a highly effective adsorbent for the remediation of effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a selective and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) for p-nitrophenol (p-NP) detection was developed. For this purpose, MIP was synthesized by precipitation polymerization using methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, ethylene glycol diacrylate as a crosslinking monomer. The morphology and thermal stability were studied using SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) along with FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) analysis. The electroreduction of p-NP was studied on modified electrode using cyclic voltammetry and diffusion amperometry with LOD (limit of detection) and LOQ (Limit of quantitation) were 0.2 µM and 0.7 µM, respectively, which showed a linear response in a 2 × 10−6 M to 4 × 10−4 M concentration range. The process parameters (coating volume, pH, exposure time) also affected the efficiency of p-NP detection. The fabricated sensor was employed to monitor and detect p-NP in real wastewater sample and up to 95–96% recovery was achieved. Hence, the developed MIP based sensor could be employed for the monitoring and p-NP detection in the effluents. • Simultaneous monitoring and electroreduction of 4-NP using molecular imprinted polymer was studied. • MIP was characterized by FTIR, TGA and SEM techniques. • Effect of electrode coating volume and incubation time on detection was investigated. • The LOD and LOQ limits were 0.2 µM and 0.7 and linearly was in 2×10-6 to 4×10-4 M range. • MIP based electrode was highly sensitive for detection and monitoring of 4-NP in water sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]