19 results on '"Bianco CM"'
Search Results
2. Unveiling the silent information of wastewater-based epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 at community and sanitary zone levels: experience in Córdoba City, Argentina.
- Author
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Masachessi G, Castro GM, Marinzalda MLA, Cachi AM, Sicilia P, Prez VE, Martínez LC, Giordano MO, Pisano MB, Ré VE, Del Bianco CM, Parisato S, Fernandez M, Ibarra G, Lopez L, Barbás G, and Nates SV
- Subjects
- Argentina epidemiology, Humans, RNA, Viral analysis, Cities, COVID-19 epidemiology, SARS-CoV-2, Wastewater virology, Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring
- Abstract
The emergence of COVID-19 in 2020 significantly enhanced the application of wastewater monitoring for detecting SARS-CoV-2 circulation within communities. From October 2021 to October 2022, we collected 406 wastewater samples weekly from the Córdoba Central Pipeline Network (BG-WWTP) and six specific sewer manholes from sanitary zones (SZs). Following WHO guidelines, we processed samples and detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and variants using real-time PCR. Monitoring at the SZ level allowed for the development of a viral activity flow map, pinpointing key areas of SARS-CoV-2 circulation and tracking its temporal spread and variant evolution. Our findings demonstrate that wastewater-based surveillance acts as a sensitive indicator of viral activity, detecting imminent increases in COVID-19 cases before they become evident in clinical data. This study highlights the effectiveness of targeted wastewater monitoring at both municipal and SZ levels in identifying viral hotspots and assessing community-wide circulation. Importantly, the data shows that environmental wastewater studies provide valuable insights into virus presence, independent of clinical COVID-19 case records, and offer a robust tool for adapting to future public health challenges., Competing Interests: The authors declare there is no conflict., (© 2024 The Authors This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence (CC BY 4.0), which permits copying, adaptation and redistribution, provided the original work is properly cited (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).)
- Published
- 2024
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3. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms modulate cyclopropane fatty acid synthase through small RNAs in Escherichia coli .
- Author
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Bianco CM, Caballero-Rothar NN, Ma X, Farley KR, and Vanderpool CK
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- Cyclopropanes, Fatty Acid Synthases metabolism, Fatty Acid Synthases genetics, Fatty Acids, Methyltransferases, RNA, Small Untranslated genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated metabolism, Transcription Factors metabolism, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription, Genetic, Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Escherichia coli Proteins metabolism, Escherichia coli Proteins genetics, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, RNA, Bacterial metabolism, RNA, Bacterial genetics
- Abstract
The small RNA (sRNA) RydC strongly activates cfa , which encodes the cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. Previous work demonstrated that RydC activation of cfa increases the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids to cyclopropanated fatty acids in membrane lipids and changes the biophysical properties of membranes, making cells more resistant to acid stress. The regulators that control RydC synthesis had not previously been identified. In this study, we identify a GntR-family transcription factor, YieP, that represses rydC transcription. YieP positively autoregulates its own transcription and indirectly regulates cfa through RydC. We further identify additional sRNA regulatory inputs that contribute to the control of RydC and cfa . The translation of yieP is repressed by the Fnr-dependent sRNA, FnrS, making FnrS an indirect activator of rydC and cfa . Conversely, RydC activity on cfa is antagonized by the OmpR-dependent sRNA OmrB. Altogether, this work illuminates a complex regulatory network involving transcriptional and post-transcriptional inputs that link the control of membrane biophysical properties to multiple environmental signals., Importance: Bacteria experience many environmental stresses that challenge their membrane integrity. To withstand these challenges, bacteria sense what stress is occurring and mount a response that protects membranes. Previous work documented the important roles of small RNA (sRNA) regulators in membrane stress responses. One sRNA, RydC, helps cells cope with membrane-disrupting stresses by promoting changes in the types of lipids incorporated into membranes. In this study, we identified a regulator, YieP, that controls when RydC is produced and additional sRNA regulators that modulate YieP levels and RydC activity. These findings illuminate a complex regulatory network that helps bacteria sense and respond to membrane stress., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2024
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4. Sex-based outcomes of surgical myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: An analysis from the National Readmission Database.
- Author
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Osman M, Syed M, Osman K, Patel B, Kawsara A, Kheiri B, Balla S, Masri A, Wei L, and Bianco CM
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Patient Readmission, Treatment Outcome, Hospitalization, Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic surgery, Acute Kidney Injury
- Abstract
Background: There is a paucity of data on sex differences in outcomes after surgical myectomy (SM) for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)., Methods: Patients who received SM for HCM during October 1, 2015, through December 31, 2018, were identified from the US National Readmission Database. The primary end point of this study was in-hospital mortality. The secondary end points were major bleeding, acute kidney injury, new pacemaker implantation, severe disability surrogates (non-home discharge and need for mechanical ventilation), resources utilization surrogates (length of stay and cost of hospitalization), and 30-day outcomes (readmission rate, mortality, and new pacemaker insertion)., Results: A total of 3031 patients were included in the current analysis. Using propensity score matching, 2 well matched cohorts were compared (women = 1170 and men = 1127). Women had a higher requirement for new pacemaker insertion compared with men (10.9% vs 6.8%; P = .029), higher number of non-home discharges (13.8% vs 7.9%; P < .01), and longer length of hospital stay (median = 7 [interquartile range, 5-9] days) versus (median = 6 [interquartile range, 5-8] days). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, blood transfusion, acute kidney injury, or hospitalization costs for women versus men. At 30 days, women continued to show a higher need for pacemaker insertion (11.3% vs 7.1%; P = .03) and had a higher readmission rate than men (10.9% vs 7.1%; P = .02). There was no difference in 30-day mortality between women and men (3% vs 2.4%; P = .54)., Conclusions: Among the HCM cohort who received SM, significant sex-based differences in the outcomes were observed. Women had higher new pacemaker insertion rate, higher non-home discharge rate, and higher rate of 30-day readmission compared with men., (Copyright © 2021 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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5. Pre-epidemic evolution of the MRSA USA300 clade and a molecular key for classification.
- Author
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Bianco CM, Moustafa AM, O'Brien K, Martin MA, Read TD, Kreiswirth BN, and Planet PJ
- Subjects
- United States, Humans, Phylogeny, Genome, Bacterial, Evolution, Molecular, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Epidemics
- Abstract
Introduction: USA300 has remained the dominant community and healthcare associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone in the United States and in northern South America for at least the past 20 years. In this time, it has experienced epidemic spread in both of these locations. However, its pre-epidemic evolutionary history and origins are incompletely understood. Large sequencing databases, such as NCBI, PATRIC, and Staphopia, contain clues to the early evolution of USA300 in the form of sequenced genomes of USA300 isolates that are representative of lineages that diverged prior to the establishment of the South American epidemic (SAE) clade and North American epidemic (NAE) clade. In addition, historical isolates collected prior to the emergence of epidemics can help reconstruct early events in the history of this lineage., Methods: Here, we take advantage of the accrued, publicly available data, as well as two newly sequenced pre-epidemic historical isolates from 1996, and a very early diverging ACME-negative NAE genome, to understand the pre-epidemic evolution of USA300. We use database mining techniques to emphasize genomes similar to pre-epidemic isolates, with the goal of reconstructing the early molecular evolution of the USA300 lineage., Results: Phylogenetic analysis with these genomes confirms that the NAE and SAE USA300 lineages diverged from a most recent common ancestor around 1970 with high confidence, and it also pinpoints the independent acquisition events of the of the ACME and COMER loci with greater precision than in previous studies. We provide evidence for a North American origin of the USA300 lineage and identify multiple introductions of USA300 into South and North America. Notably, we describe a third major USA300 clade (the pre-epidemic branching clade; PEB1) consisting of both MSSA and MRSA isolates circulating around the world that diverged from the USA300 lineage prior to the establishment of the South and North American epidemics. We present a detailed analysis of specific sequence characteristics of each of the major clades, and present diagnostic positions that can be used to classify new genomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Bianco, Moustafa, O’Brien, Martin, Read, Kreiswirth and Planet.)
- Published
- 2023
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6. Cardiovascular outcomes and trends of Transcatheter vs. Surgical aortic valve replacement among octogenarians with heart failure: A Propensity Matched national cohort analysis.
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Sattar Y, Song D, Almas T, Zghouzi M, Talib U, Suleiman AM, Ahmad B, Arshad J, Ullah W, Zia Khan M, Bianco CM, Bagur R, Rashid M, Mamas MA, and Alraies MC
- Abstract
Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome with symptoms and signs that result from any structural or functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection of blood. Limited data is available regarding the in-hospital outcomes of TAVR compared to SAVR in the octogenarian population with HF., Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was used to compare TAVR versus SAVR among octogenarians with HF. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. The secondary outcome included acute kidney injury (AKI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), post-procedural stroke, major bleeding, blood transfusions, sudden cardiac arrest (SCA), cardiogenic shock (CS), and mechanical circulatory support (MCS)., Results: A total of 74,995 octogenarian patients with HF (TAVR-HF n = 64,890 (86.5%); SAVR n = 10,105 (13.5%)) were included. The median age of patients in TAVR-HF and SAVR-HF was 86 (83-89) and 82 (81-84) respectively. TAVR-HF had lower percentage in-hospital mortality (1.8% vs. 6.9%;p < 0.001), CVA (2.5% vs. 3.6%; p = 0.009), SCA (9.9% vs. 20.2%; p < 0.001), AKI (17.4% vs. 40.8%); p < 0.001), major transfusion (26.4% vs 67.3%; p < 0.001), CS (1.8% vs 9.8%; p < 0.001), and MCS (0.8% vs 7.3%; p < 0.001) when compared to SAVR-HF. Additionally, post-procedural stroke and major bleeding showed no significant difference. The median unmatched total charges for TAVR-HF and SAVR-HF were 194,561$ and 246,100$ respectively., Conclusion: In this nationwide observational analysis, TAVR is associated with an improved safety profile for octogenarians with heart failure (both preserved and reduced ejection fraction) compared to SAVR., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
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7. Apixaban and rivaroxaban use for atrial fibrillation in patients with obesity and BMI ≥50 kg/m 2 .
- Author
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O'Kane CP, Avalon JCO, Lacoste JL, Fang W, Bianco CM, Davisson L, and Piechowski KL
- Subjects
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Anticoagulants adverse effects, Body Mass Index, Dabigatran, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Hemorrhage epidemiology, Humans, Obesity complications, Obesity drug therapy, Pyrazoles, Pyridones adverse effects, Retrospective Studies, Rivaroxaban adverse effects, Atrial Fibrillation complications, Atrial Fibrillation drug therapy, Atrial Fibrillation epidemiology, Ischemic Stroke, Stroke epidemiology, Stroke etiology, Stroke prevention & control
- Abstract
Background: Apixaban and rivaroxaban are increasingly used for thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and commonly in patients with obesity and body mass index (BMI) ≥50 kg/m
2 despite the limited data., Objectives: This study aimed to establish the effectiveness and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients with NVAF and BMI ≥50 kg/m2 ., Methods: A single health-system, retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of apixaban and rivaroxaban initiated in adult patients (≥18 years of age) with BMI ≥50 kg/m2 and NVAF. Outcomes of ischemic stroke, systemic embolic events, and bleeding were compared to a cohort of patients with BMI 18 to 30 kg/m2 ., Results: After 1619 patient-years worth of follow-up in 595 patients, the primary endpoint of incidence of ischemic stroke was numerically similar in both groups, 1.3 per 100 patient-years in the BMI ≥50 kg/m2 group, compared to 2.0 per 100 patient-years in the BMI <30 kg/m2 group (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.38-1.82, p = 0.544). Incidence of major bleeding and clinically relevant non-major bleeding was also numerically similar between the two groups., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that apixaban and rivaroxaban in patients with a BMI ≥50 kg/m2 for treatment of NVAF may be safe and effective at preventing thromboembolic events and had no increased risk of bleeding. Although, findings should be interpreted with caution and confirmed with additional studies. This study contributes to the growing body of evidence that direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be effective and safe to use for the treatment of NVAF in patients with BMI ≥50 kg/m2 ., (© 2021 Pharmacotherapy Publications, Inc.)- Published
- 2022
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8. Invasive Hemodynamic Monitoring in Cardiogenic Shock Is Associated With Lower In-Hospital Mortality.
- Author
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Osman M, Syed M, Patel B, Munir MB, Kheiri B, Caccamo M, Sokos G, Balla S, Basir MB, Kapur NK, Mamas MA, and Bianco CM
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- Humans, Hemodynamic Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Hospital Mortality trends, Shock, Cardiogenic mortality, Shock, Cardiogenic therapy
- Abstract
Background There is increasing utilization of cardiogenic shock treatment algorithms. The cornerstone of these algorithms is the use of invasive hemodynamic monitoring (IHM). We sought to compare the in-hospital outcomes in patients who received IHM versus no IHM in a real-world contemporary database. Methods and Results Patients with cardiogenic shock admitted during October 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018, were identified from the National Inpatient Sample. Among this group, we compared the outcomes among patients who received IHM versus no IHM. The primary end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points included vascular complications, major bleeding, need for renal replacement therapy, length of stay, cost of hospitalization, and rate of utilization of left ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation. Propensity score matching was used for covariate adjustment. A total of 394 635 (IHM=62 565; no IHM=332 070) patients were included. After propensity score matching, 2 well-matched groups were compared (IHM=62 220; no IHM=62 220). The IHM group had lower in-hospital mortality (24.1% versus 30.6%, P <0.01), higher percentages of left ventricular assist devices (4.4% versus 1.3%, P <0.01) and heart transplantation (1.3% versus 0.7%, P <0.01) utilization, longer length of hospitalization and higher costs. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of vascular complications, major bleeding, and the need for renal replacement therapy. Conclusions Among patients with cardiogenic shock, the use of IHM is associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality and increased utilization of advanced heart failure therapies. Due to the observational nature of the current study, the results should be considered hypothesis-generating, and future prospective studies confirming these findings are needed.
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- 2021
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9. Hereditary Apolipoprotein A-I-Associated Cardiac Amyloidosis: Importance of Endomyocardial Biopsy When Suspicion Remains High.
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Saleem M, Balla S, Amin MS, Farid S, Caccamo M, Sokos G, and Bianco CM
- Abstract
Cardiac amyloidosis has recently garnered substantial attention. Although the advent of noninvasive diagnostic algorithms revolutionized diagnosis, endomyocardial biopsy may still be considered in select cases to determine the amyloidosis subtype definitively. We report a case of a patients with a known mutation causing hereditary apolipoprotein A-I-associated cardiac amyloidosis. ( Level of Difficulty: Advanced. )., Competing Interests: The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (© 2021 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2021
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10. Induced Hypothermia in Patients with Cardiac Arrest and a Non-shockable Rhythm: Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.
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Osman M, Munir MB, Regner S, Osman K, Benjamin MM, Kheiri B, Agrawal P, McCarthy P, Balla S, and Bianco CM
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- Coma, Humans, Patient Discharge, Survivors, Treatment Outcome, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Heart Arrest therapy, Hypothermia, Induced, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest therapy
- Abstract
Background: Controversy surrounds utilization of induced hypothermia (IHT) in comatose cardiac arrest (CA) survivors with a non-shockable rhythm., Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) comparing IHT with no IHT approaches in patients with CA and a non-shockable rhythm. The primary outcome of interest was favorable neurological outcomes (FNO) defined using the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score of 1 or 2. Secondary endpoints were survival at discharge and survival beyond 90 days., Results: A total of 9 studies with 10,386 patients were included. There was no difference between both groups in terms of FNO (13% vs. 13%, RR 1.34, 95% CI 0.96-1.89, p = 0.09, I
2 = 88%), survival at discharge (20% vs. 22%, RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.88-1.36, p = 0.42, I2 = 76%), or survival beyond 90 days (16% vs. 15%, RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.61-1.40, p = 0.69, I2 = 83%). The TSA showed firm evidence supporting the lack of benefit of IHT in terms of survival at discharge. However, the Z-curves failed to cross the conventional and TSA (futility) boundaries for FNO and survival beyond 90 days, indicating lack of sufficient evidence to draw firm conclusions regarding these outcomes., Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of 9 studies, the utilization of IHT was not associated with a survival benefit at discharge. Although the meta-analysis showed lack of benefit of IHT in terms of FNO and survivals beyond 90 days, the corresponding TSA showed high probability of type-II statistical error, and therefore more randomized controlled trials powered for these outcomes are needed.- Published
- 2021
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11. Cardiac mechanics in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
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Seetharam K, Sengupta PP, and Bianco CM
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- Humans, Stroke Volume, Cardiomyopathies, Diabetes Mellitus, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Hypertension
- Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical entity associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Common comorbidities including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and increasing age predispose to preclinical diastolic dysfunction that often progresses to frank HFpEF. Clinical HFpEF is typically associated with some degree of diastolic dysfunction, but can occur in the absence of many conventional diastolic dysfunction indices. The exact biologic links between risk factors, structural changes, and clinical manifestations are not clearly apparent. Innovative approaches including deformation imaging have enabled deeper understanding of HFpEF cardiac mechanics beyond conventional metrics. Furthermore, predictive analytics through data-driven platforms have allowed for a deeper understanding of HFpEF phenotypes. This review focuses on the changes in cardiac mechanics that occur through preclinical myocardial dysfunction to clinically apparent HFpEF., (© 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2020
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12. Inadvertent Disabling of Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator Antitachycardia Therapies Following Breast Reconstructive Surgery.
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Skaff PR, Phillips BS, Lobban JH, and Bianco CM
- Abstract
A 47-year-old woman with an implantable cardiac defibrillator and breast cancer underwent left breast mastectomy with simultaneous reconstruction using a breast tissue expander. She was found to have intermittent disabling of tachyarrhythmia detection and therapy functions of her implantable cardiac defibrillator that were triggered by the breast tissue expander magnetic port.
- Published
- 2020
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13. Use of the Burden of Diabetes Mellitus Score for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment.
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Farjo PD, Barghouthi N, Chima N, Desai A, Fang W, Giordano J, and Bianco CM
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- Age Factors, Aged, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 complications, Glycated Hemoglobin analysis, Myocardial Infarction epidemiology, Risk Assessment methods
- Abstract
Uncontrolled type II diabetes mellitus (DM) using single point hemoglobin A1c levels has been associated with poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, methods to quantify the effect of uncontrolled DM over time have been inconsistent. To quantify hyperglycemia over time and assess its cardiovascular effects we developed and tested a DM burden score which accounts for time in years prior to DM diagnosis, diagnostic HbA1c, and aggregate HbA1c levels thereafter. A retrospective cohort study was performed with patients (n = 188) from a single academic center with type II DM and no prior cardiac disease history. Patient scores were calculated from diagnosis until the year 2015 and were grouped into low (<5.3%; n = 55), moderate (5.3% to 5.5%; n = 80), and high (>5.5%; n = 53) DM burden score cohorts. At 48 months, the cohort with high DM burden scores correlated with significantly worse major adverse cardiovascular events (hazard ratio [HR] 3.07, p = 0.012), myocardial infarction (HR 12.78, p = 0.015), coronary revascularization (HR 4.53, p = 0.019), cardiovascular hospitalizations (HR 4.20, p = 0.005), and all-cause hospitalizations (HR 2.57, p = 0.01). Cardiovascular and all-cause mortality showed significant difference between groups in log-rank testing. Also, a multivariate regression model showed DM burden score (p = 0.045) to be an independent predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 9.38, p = 0.045). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that DM control over time impacts cardiovascular outcomes., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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14. Myocardial Mechanics in Patients With Normal LVEF and Diastolic Dysfunction.
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Bianco CM, Farjo PD, Ghaffar YA, and Sengupta PP
- Subjects
- Diastole, Heart Failure epidemiology, Heart Failure physiopathology, Heart Failure therapy, Humans, Phenotype, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Risk Factors, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left epidemiology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left physiopathology, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left therapy, Echocardiography, Heart Failure diagnostic imaging, Stroke Volume, Ventricular Dysfunction, Left diagnostic imaging, Ventricular Function, Left
- Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical entity that is poorly understood yet present in up to 5.5% of the general population. Proven therapies for this disorder are lacking, even though it has a similar prognosis to that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Innovative imaging techniques have provided in-depth understanding of the unique pattern of left ventricular mechanics in patients with HFpEF who progress through preclinical (Stages A to B) and clinical (Stages C to D) American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association heart failure stages. This review highlights the mechanical basis of this disorder from the cellular and myofiber level to chamber dysfunction. As each chamber of the heart is examined, specific biomarkers and echocardiographic parameters with diagnostic and prognostic values are discussed. Finally, novel phenotyping methods including machine learning are reviewed that integrate these mechanics into clinical groups to advise and treat patients., (Copyright © 2020 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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15. Bacterial Cyclopropane Fatty Acid Synthase mRNA Is Targeted by Activating and Repressing Small RNAs.
- Author
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Bianco CM, Fröhlich KS, and Vanderpool CK
- Subjects
- 5' Untranslated Regions, Bacteria enzymology, Cyclopropanes metabolism, Fatty Acids metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional, RNA, Bacterial genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, Bacteria genetics, Methyltransferases genetics, RNA, Small Untranslated genetics
- Abstract
Altering membrane protein and lipid composition is an important strategy for maintaining membrane integrity during environmental stress. Many bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) control membrane protein production, but sRNA-mediated regulation of membrane fatty acid composition is less well understood. The sRNA RydC was previously shown to stabilize cfa (cyclopropane fatty acid synthase) mRNA, resulting in higher levels of cyclopropane fatty acids in the cell membrane. Here, we report that additional sRNAs, ArrS and CpxQ, also directly regulate cfa posttranscriptionally. RydC and ArrS act through masking an RNase E cleavage site in the cfa mRNA 5' untranslated region (UTR), and both sRNAs posttranscriptionally activate cfa In contrast, CpxQ binds to a different site in the cfa mRNA 5' UTR and represses cfa expression. Alteration of membrane lipid composition is a key mechanism for bacteria to survive low-pH environments, and we show that cfa translation increases in an sRNA-dependent manner when cells are subjected to mild acid stress. This work suggests an important role for sRNAs in the acid stress response through regulation of cfa mRNA. IMPORTANCE Small RNAs (sRNAs) in bacteria are abundant and play important roles in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, particularly under stress conditions. Some mRNAs are targets for regulation by multiple sRNAs, each responding to different environmental signals. Uncovering the regulatory mechanisms governing sRNA-mRNA interactions and the relevant conditions for these interactions is an ongoing challenge. In this study, we discovered that multiple sRNAs control membrane lipid composition by regulating stability of a single mRNA target. The sRNA-dependent regulation occurred in response to changing pH and was important for cell viability under acid stress conditions. This work reveals yet another aspect of bacterial physiology controlled at the posttranscriptional level by sRNA regulators., (Copyright © 2019 Bianco et al.)
- Published
- 2019
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16. Heart Transplantation in Giant Cell Myocarditis: Analysis of the United Network for Organ Sharing Registry.
- Author
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Elamm CA, Al-Kindi SG, Bianco CM, Dhakal BP, and Oliveira GH
- Subjects
- Adult, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated epidemiology, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated physiopathology, Female, Heart Transplantation standards, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Myocarditis epidemiology, Myocarditis physiopathology, Retrospective Studies, Tissue and Organ Procurement standards, Cardiomyopathy, Dilated surgery, Heart Transplantation methods, Myocarditis surgery, Registries standards, Tissue Donors, Tissue and Organ Procurement methods
- Abstract
Background: Giant cell myocarditis (GCM) is a lethal, rapidly progressive disease, for which heart transplantation is the treatment of choice. We sought to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with GCM who undergo heart transplantation., Methods and Results: We used the United Network for Organ Sharing thoracic organ transplantation registry to identify adults with GCM as the primary diagnosis and compared their characteristics and outcomes with patients who underwent transplantation for other types of myocarditis and for idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCMP). A total of 32 patients with GCM were compared with 219 patients with myocarditis and 14,221 patients with IDCMP. Median age at listing for GCM was 52 years (interquartile range 40-55 y), and the majority were white (94%), male (63%), and listed as 1A (44%). Biventricular assist devices were used more frequently in GCM compared with IDCMP (31% vs 2%; P < .001). After transplantation, there were no statistically significant differences among GCM, myocarditis, and IDCMP patients regarding pacemaker implantation, dialysis initiation, or stroke rate. GCM patients had increased risk of acute rejection compared with IDCMP patients (16% vs 5.0%; P = .021) but no difference in rehospitalization for rejection among the 3 etiologies (P = .88). The cumulative survivals for GCM patients at 1, 5, and 10 years were 94%, 82%, and 68%, respectively, which was similar to the other etiologies (P = .11)., Conclusions: Compared with patients with IDCMP, those with GCM present more acutely and have significantly higher utilization of biventricular mechanical circulatory support. Despite higher rates of early rejection, post-transplantation survival of patients with GCM was similar to that of other myocarditides and IDCMP., (Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
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17. Advanced Heart Failure Therapies for Cancer Therapeutics-Related Cardiac Dysfunction.
- Author
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Bianco CM, Al-Kindi SG, and Oliveira GH
- Subjects
- Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Female, Heart Failure etiology, Heart Transplantation, Heart-Assist Devices, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms complications, Patient Selection, Registries, Ventricular Function, Left drug effects, Ventricular Function, Left radiation effects, Ventricular Function, Right drug effects, Ventricular Function, Right radiation effects, Heart Failure therapy, Heart Ventricles physiopathology, Neoplasms therapy
- Abstract
End-stage heart failure in cancer survivors may result from cardiotoxic chemotherapy and/or chest radiation and require advanced therapies, including left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and transplantation. Traditionally, such therapies have been underutilized in cancer survivors owing to lack of experience and perceived risk of cancer recurrence. Recent data from large registries, however, have shown excellent outcomes of LVADs and transplantation in cancer survivors, albeit subject to careful selection and special considerations. This article summarizes all aspects of advanced heart failure therapies in patients with cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and underscores the need for careful selection of these candidates., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
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18. Light intensity impacts the production of biofuel intermediates in Heterosigma akashiwo growing on simulated flue gas containing carbon dioxide and nitric oxide.
- Author
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Bianco CM, Stewart JJ, Miller KR, Fitzgerald C, and Coyne KJ
- Subjects
- Biomass, Carbon Dioxide chemistry, Industrial Waste, Light, Lipids biosynthesis, Microalgae metabolism, Nitric Oxide chemistry, Biofuels, Microalgae growth & development, Photobioreactors microbiology, Waste Management methods
- Abstract
As a potential biofuel feedstock, the marine microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo, accumulates significant lipids, is capable of long-term growth in outdoor photobioreactors, and is an excellent candidate for the bioremediation of industrial emissions. Here, we evaluated resource partitioning in H. akashiwo growing on a CO2 and NO gas mixture under three light intensities: 160, 560, or 1200μmolquantam(-2)s(-1). Light levels had no effect on growth; however, cultures in high light accumulated 2.3-fold more carbohydrates and 17% fewer lipids. Light levels did not affect the percentage of saturated fatty acids, but mono-unsaturates increased by 6% and poly-unsaturates decreased by 12% in high light. The fatty acid profiles reported here suggest that H. akashiwo is a good candidate for the production of neutral lipids for biodiesel and also omega-3 fatty acids, and that the quality of biodiesel acquired from feedstocks grown under fluctuating light conditions would be relatively stable., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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19. Diabetes insipidus.
- Author
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Bianco CM
- Subjects
- Diabetes Insipidus diagnosis, Humans, Nursing Assessment, Patient Care Planning, Patient Education as Topic, Diabetes Insipidus nursing
- Published
- 1996
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