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INTRODUCTION: The aim of our retrospective study was to investigate the role of the medial side involvement in the treatment choice of radial head fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the databases of our institutions for the surgical procedures diagnosed as "fracture of the radial head" and for the procedures related to "prosthesis of the radial head" and "osteosynthesis of the radial head" in the period from May 2014 to October 2017. The fractures were first classified according to the Mason classification . We then allocated the patients into three study groups according to the site of the fracture, either the medial or lateral side of the radial head : Group A, with an isolated lateral fracture of the radius head; Group B1, with a medial fracture of the radius head with two medial fragments; and Group B2, with a medial fracture of the radius head with multiple medial fragments. We performed a multivariate analysis to identify statistically significant correlation between the pre-operative classifications of Mason and our study, the type of surgical procedure, and the clinical outcome. RESULTS: Mayo Elbow Performance (MEP) scores determined at the final follow-up of the study (mean 16.6 months, range 12-26 months) was excellent in 17 patients (4 in Group A, 6 in Group B1 and 7 in Group B2), and good in 12 patients (3 in Group A, 7 in Group B1, and 2 in Group B2). One patient showed a poor result in MEP score probably because of an infection and implant removal. CONCLUSION: Regarding medial fractures of the radial head, our study showed satisfactory results with a radial head prosthesis for comminuted or multifragmentary radial head fractures. For surgeons with advanced elbow fracture expertise, osteosynthesis could be attempted in a fracture pattern that involved only two medial fragments.

Between 580 and 700 accessions of related cultivated and wild species of the genusBetawere assessed for resistance to four soil-borne diseases of sugar beet: two seedling damping-off diseases caused by the fungiAphanomyces cochlioidesandPythium ultimumand two diseases of more mature plants, Rhizoctonia root and crown rot, caused by the fungusR. solani, and Rhizomania, caused byBeet necrotic yellow vein virus(BNYVV), a furovirus transmitted by the plasmodiophoridPolymyxa betae. Analysis of resistance data (assessed on an international standardised 1-9 scale of Resistance Scores) indicated that the highest levels of resistance ({RS}= 2) toA. cochlioidesandP. ultimumwere to be found amongst accessions of the more distantly related sectionsCorollinae(93% of accessions tested) andProcumbentes(10%), respectively; although useful levels could also be found in the more closely related, and sexually compatible, sectionBeta(1-6%). Resistance to Rhizoctonia was also found in sectionBeta(5-7%), depending on whether field or glasshouse tests were used, but there was little evidence of generally high levels of resistance to Rhizomania among accessions of this section. None of the accessions of sectionsCorollinaeandProcumbentesexhibited any notable resistance to Rhizoctonia. However, all sectionsProcumbentesand some sectionsCorollinae(4%) accessions were highly resistant to Rhizomania. Individuals with high levels of resistance to Rhizomania were identified from within some sectionBetaandCorollinaeaccessions, in which there was evidence of segregation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resistance to four foliar diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgarisssp.vulgaris), virus yellows caused by Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV), powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), was assessed in up to 600 accessions of closely related wild and cultivatedBetaspecies. Most accessions were from the SectionBeta, a taxon containing types most closely related to, and sexually compatible with, sugar beet and therefore most valuable for use in crop improvement. Between 1-12% of accessions were highly resistant (resistance scores of =2 on an international standardised resistance scale of 1-9) to these diseases. These levels, however, underestimate the potential number of resistant sources available from this section as some accessions with intermediate mean resistance scores contained a significant proportion of highly resistant plants within segregating populations. Variation in resistance to all diseases except BYV was observed within the SectionBeta. Much higher levels of resistance were observed, and more frequently, in more distantly related sections of the genusBeta. Accessions of the SectionCorollinaewere highly resistant to both viruses (>62% of accessions tested), but less so to Cercospora (15%) and they were very susceptible to powdery mildew. SectionProcumbentesaccessions were highly resistant to BMYV and Cercospora (100%) but less so to powdery mildew (50%) and BYV (20%). However, sexual incompatibility between these sections and sugar beet make utilisation of these sources impractical using conventional breeding methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study in which two sugarbeet cultivars of different growth habit were fertilized with nitrogen at different times during their growth cycle, in either the presence or absence of Sinapis arvensis L. or Chenopodium album L. Effects of timing of nitrogen fertilization on sugarbeet yield response; Competitive ability of sugarbeet relative to these weeds; Response of the two weeds in terms of biomass, seed production, and germination.