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The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal associations between preference for solitude (PFS) and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in mainland China, with a focus on separating between-person and within-person effects using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). Participants were N = 1039 Chinese early adolescents (M[subscript age]= 12.37, 46.1% girls, at Time 1), who completed annual self-reports of depressive symptoms and peer-nominations of PFS over a 3-years period. Results revealed that fluctuations in depressive symptoms consistently predicted fluctuations in PFS 1 year later, but not vice versa, supporting a "symptoms-driven model." Findings are discussed in terms of the role of depressive symptoms in promoting subsequent PFS among early adolescents.

Previous studies have suggested that heterogeneity existed on adolescent adjustment, yet few studies have examined the longitudinal stability and transition patterns for subgroups of adjustment. The current study conducted a 2-wave longitudinal study in a sample of adolescents (2422 students, 47.5% girls, M.sub.age of adolescents at baseline = 12.78 years, SD = 0.87) to determine whether heterogeneity existed on development of adjustment, particularly among early adolescence. By using Latent profile analysis, four meaningful adjustment subgroups: Good Adjustment, Moderate Adjustment, Emotional Behavior Maladjustment, Interpersonal Maladjustment were identified in two time points separately. Furthermore, latent transition anqalysis indicated that adolescents who matched the profiles of Good Adjustment, Moderate Adjustment, and Emotional Behavior Maladjustment were more likely to remain stable across time. However, those matching Interpersonal Maladjustment profiles were more likely to transit to Moderate Adjustment. Finally, distinct adjustment developmental pathways were found in boys and girls. To our knowledge, this study is the first differentiated and dynamic picture of adolescents' developing adjustment of early adolescents. The results also benefit from clarifing developmental risk models for adolescent adjustment from a longitudinal personal-oriented perspective., Author(s): Huihui Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yan He [sup.3] [sup.4] , Yufang Bian [sup.4] [sup.5] , Yang Wang [sup.6] , Zhonglin Wen [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.419897.a, 0000 0004 [...]

Background: The importance of parent‐teacher relationships has been well‐discussed in Western contexts. It's still unclear whether and how parent‐teacher relationships affect students' academic development, especially in the context of China's uneven development between urban and suburban areas. Aims: This study examined the urban–suburban differences in the influence of the parent–teacher relationships on students' learning engagement during the last 3 years of primary school to contribute to related policy and practice. Sample and Methods: Data were collected annually during the summer period in three waves from Grades 4 to 6. The sample included 1408 students (Mage = 10.35, SD =.48; 49.1% boys) paired with their mothers (Mage = 38.82, SD = 3.54), with 643 pairs from urban areas and 765 pairs from suburban areas in China. In each wave, the parents reported the frequency of contact with their child's teacher during the previous school year as well as the quality of their relationship, and the students reported their learning engagement. Latent growth models were used to examine the hypotheses. Results: A statistically significant decline in learning engagement was seen only in suburban students, while the parent–teacher relationships seemed to increase for both suburban and urban participants. Latent growth modelling showed that the increasing levels of relationship quality reduced the decline in the suburban students' learning engagement, although the contact between parents and teachers did not play such a positive role for both urban and suburban students. Conclusions: The findings reveal a compensatory effect of the quality of the parent–teacher relationship on suburban students' learning engagement. Considering the difference in students' learning engagement between urban and suburban students, increased effort on high‐quality parent–teacher relationships for suburban students is required to better support their academic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, with the rapid development of the inorganic synthesis and the increasing discharge of pollutants in the process of industrialization, hollow-structured metal oxides (HSMOs) have taken on a striking role in the field of environmental catalysis. This is all due to their unique structural characteristics compared to solid nanoparticles, such as high loading capacity, superior pore permeability, high specific surface area, abundant inner void space, and low density. Although the HSMOs with different morphologies have been reviewed and prospected in the aspect of synthesis strategies and potential applications, there has been no systematic review focusing on the structures and compositions design of HSMOs in the field of environmental catalysis so far. Therefore, this review will mainly focus on the component dependence and controllable structure of HSMOs in the catalytic elimination of different environmental pollutants, including the automobile and stationary source emissions, volatile organic compounds, greenhouse gases, ozone-depleting substances, and other potential pollutants. Moreover, we comprehensively reviewed the applications of the catalysts with hollow structure that are mainly composed of metal oxides such as CeO2, MnOx, CuOx, Co3O4, ZrO2, ZnO, Al3O4, In2O3, NiO, and Fe3O4 in automobile and stationary source emission control, volatile organic compounds emission control, and the conversion of greenhouse gases and ozone-depleting substances. The structure–activity relationship is also briefly discussed. Finally, further challenges and development trends of HSMO catalysts in environmental catalysis are also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental emotion‐related socialization behaviors (ERSBs) are developmental and multiply determined. However, longitudinal studies on the development patterns of ERSBs and their antecedents, especially for Chinese fathers, are scarce. This study examined the longitudinal trajectories of Chinese fathers' ERSBs during early adolescence and whether they are influenced by the father (depressive symptoms and emotion dysregulation) and adolescent factors (depressive symptoms and emotional intelligence). We used 4‐year, self‐reported, survey‐based data from Chinese early adolescents (46.70% girls, Mage at Wave 1 = 10.26 years, SD = 0.33) and their fathers (Mage at Wave 1 = 40.36 years, SD = 4.22), and data analyses were conducted using unconditional and conditional latent growth model (N = 1061 at Wave 1). The results revealed an increase in the father's supportive and non‐supportive ERSBs over 4 years. Furthermore, father's depression symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and adolescent's depression symptoms can predict paternal supportive ERSBs' trajectories, while only the father's depression symptoms and emotion dysregulation can predict the change in non‐supportive ERSBs. The findings give a holistic picture of the developmental trajectories of paternal ERSBs during early adolescence, and highlight the importance of accounting for differences in father and adolescent factors in understanding changes in parental ERSBs during this critical developmental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine and track the transformations in the mathematics intended curriculum during the latest reform in China from a neutral and objective perspective. Following the document analysis used in TIMSS (the Third International Mathematics and Science Study), the results indicated that a more modern system of mathematics knowledge had been constructed after the reform and the curriculum standard emphasized more on its facilitating role. Compared to TIMSS top-achieving countries and regions, it found that the pattern of topics in curriculum guide in China exhibited a similar coherent pattern to those high achieving countries but more concentrated. Moreover, the decentralization in the curriculum standard was unable to figure out the pattern of topics on the intended curriculum level. Lastly, the influence of decentralization in the curriculum standard was discussed. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the psychometric properties of the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS) in Chinese samples. Background: The coparenting relationship serves an important role in raising children. The CRS was originally developed to measure the multidimensionality of the coparenting relationship. However, its latent structure and psychometric properties have not been extensively addressed, particularly in non‐Western cultures. Method: Data were collected from a sample of 991 Chinese families (991 mothers, 967 fathers, 31–57 years of age). Confirmatory factor analyses were utilized to provide evidence of the theoretical factorial structure. Internal consistency was examined by Cronbach's α and omega coefficients. Correlations with the Dyadic Adjustment Scale were to verify criterion validity. Configural, metric, scalar, and residual variance invariance were examined across the gender of parents in dyadic perspective. Results: In contrast to a poor fit for the seven‐factor structure of the original 35‐item CRS, the Chinese version of the CRS (CRS‐C) showed a good fit in a six‐factor structure with 27 items. The CRS‐C showed strict measurement invariance across gender of the parent, satisfactory internal consistency, and criterion‐related validity as indicated by marital quality. Conclusions: These findings provided preliminary evidence that the CRS‐C is reliable and valid for measuring the coparenting relationship among Chinese parents. Implications: Coparenting relationship and its measurement will benefit from attention in non‐Western contexts and cross‐cultural studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to explore longitudinal associations between preference for solitude (PFS) and depressive symptoms among early adolescents in mainland China, with a focus on separating between-person and within-person effects using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM). Participants were N = 1039 Chinese early adolescents (M age= 12.37, 46.1% girls, at Time 1), who completed annual self-reports of depressive symptoms and peer-nominations of PFS over a 3-years period. Results revealed that fluctuations in depressive symptoms consistently predicted fluctuations in PFS 1 year later, but not vice versa, supporting a symptoms-driven model. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of depressive symptoms in promoting subsequent PFS among early adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]