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Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Verde River, 23°26.35′S, 047°35.28′W; 560 m alt.; 12.VI. 2013; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 110611-4 (8 spec., 21.0−230.0 mm SL). Identification. Body high and laterally compressed; premaxilla with two rows of teeth; outer row with three to six teeth; cycloid scales regularly imbricated; lateral line slightly curved; greatest body depth anterior to dorsal fin origin (Tatsumi 2006)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 831, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Tatsumi, F. L. (2006). Revisao taxonomica de Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger, 1887) (Characiformes, Characidae). Master's the- sis, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Bra- zil, 110 pp."]}

Poecilia reticulata Peters, 1859 Figure 2W Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°25.38′S, 047°28.36′W; 560 m; 08.II. 2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 130929 (22 spec., 10.0−28.0 mm). Identification. Body elongated; mouth superior, dentary prognathous; premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth. Longitudinal series with 22–24 scales and transverse series with 8 or 9 scale rows; dorsal fin with 8 or 9 rays, pectoral fin with 13, pelvic with 6 and anal fin with 8 rays. Ground color pale yellow; scales with dark-brown border, conferring reticulate pattern to body; males with several black or colored spots and irregular stripes (Graça and Pavanelli 2007; Ota et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Graca WJ, Pavanelli CS (2007) Peixes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes. Eduem, Maringa, Brazil, 241 pp.","Ota RR, Depra GDC, Graca WJD, Pavanelli CS (2018) Peixes da pla- nicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2): 10 - 15."]}

Parodon nasus Kner, 1859 Figure 2N Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°25.38′S, 047°28.36′W; 560 m alt; 12.II.2012; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; trawl nets; LEEF 115130 (11 spec., 65.0−100.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; teeth on the sides of the jaws; jaw with 2 or 3 posterior teeth; mouth subterminal; premaxilla with 4, dentary with 2–4 and maxilla with 2 teeth; from opercle to median caudal-fin rays, black longitudinal band with projections conferring “zigzag” (Graça and Pavanelli 2007)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 836, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Graca WJ, Pavanelli CS (2007) Peixes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes. Eduem, Maringa, Brazil, 241 pp."]}

Cyphocharax modestus (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Verde River; 23°26.35′S, 047°35.28′W; 570 m alt., 13.VI. 2017; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; cast nets; MZUSP 115235 (7 spec., 155.0−180.0 mm SL). Identification. Body deep; mouth terminal; premaxilla, dentary and maxilla without teeth. Lateral line with 35–37 pored scales; transversal series above lateral line with 6–6½ scale rows and below with 5–6½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 10 rays, pectoral fin with 10–12, pelvic fin with 10, anal fin with 8–11 and caudal fin with 21 rays. Ground color silvery; dark brown inconspicuous longitudinal band along lateral line to distal margin of median caudal-fin rays, larger on caudal peduncle; hyaline fins (Batista-Silva et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 836, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827

Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann, 1908) Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt.; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 115129, LEEF 115155, LEEF 115157 (5 spec., 25.0−37.0 mm SL). Identification. Body deep; mouth terminal; premaxillary teeth in two rows; lateral line complete with 39–41 scales; dark stripe in caudal-fin; dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, anal, and caudal fins hyaline; adipose fin and margins of caudal-fin lobes yellowish. (Reia et al., 2020)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 833, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Reia L, Costa e Silva GS, Ayala JG, Vicensotto AMPF, Benine RC (2020) Ichthyofauna of the ribeirao Sucuri, a tributary of the rio Tiete, upper rio Parana basin, southeastern Brazil. Check List 16 (3): 711 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 16.3.711"]}

Piabina argentea Reinhardt, 1867 Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt.; 15. VI.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 140122 (12 spec., 23.0−55.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; mouth subterminal; outer row of premaxilla with 2 or 3 teeth, median row with 2 and inner row with 4, dentary with 6 or 7 and maxilla with 2 or 3 teeth. Lateral line complete, with 37– 40 pored scales; transversal series above lateral line with 5 or 5½ scales above and below with 3 or 3½ scale rows. Dorsal fin with 10 rays, pectoral fin with 15–17, pelvic fin with 8, anal with 17–21, and caudal fin with 19 rays. Ground color silvery to pale yellow; black humeral spot (Graça and Pavanelli 2007; Ota et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 833, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Graca WJ, Pavanelli CS (2007) Peixes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes. Eduem, Maringa, Brazil, 241 pp.","Ota RR, Depra GDC, Graca WJD, Pavanelli CS (2018) Peixes da pla- nicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2): 10 - 15."]}

Steindachnerina insculpta (Fernández-Yépez, 1948) Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt.; 12.I.2012; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; MZUSP 115238 (6 spec., 80.0−90.0 mm SL). Identification. Body deep; mouth terminal; premaxilla, dentary, and maxilla without teeth; lateral line with 33– 35 pored scales; transversal series above lateral line with 5–5½ scale rows and below with 4½–5½. Dorsal fin with 10 rays, pectoral fin with 12–14, pelvic fin with 13 rays, anal fin with 12–14, and caudal fin with 21 rays. Ground color silvery; black conspicuous longitudinal stripe along lateral line to distal margin of median caudal-fin rays, larger on caudal peduncle; yellowish fins; dorsal-fin black blotch on the base of median rays, sometimes little conspicuous (Batista-Silva et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 836, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827

Hoplias malabaricus (Block, 1794) Figure 2M Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Administração Lagoon; 23°25.46′S, 047°36.02′W; 560 m alt.; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; cast nets; LEEF 115143, LEEF 115168 (12 spec., 190.0−230.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; mouth terminal; premaxillary with a row of teeth conical or tricuspid teeth in the maxilla; absence of frontal fontanelle and adipose fin; maxillary bone with conical and canine teeth; upper portion of the operculum without conspicuous black spot (Castro et al. 2004)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 836, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Castro R, Casatti L, Santos HF, Melo AL, Martins LS, Ferreira K M, Langeani F (2004). Estrutura e composicao da ictiofauna de ria- chos da bacia do rio Grande no estado de Sao Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 4 (1): 1 - 39."]}

Phalloceros harpagos Lucinda, 2008 Figure 2X Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°25.38′S, 047°28.36′W; 560 m alt; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 120804-1 (18 spec., 10.0−25.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; mouth superior, dentary prognathous; premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth. Longitudinal series with 28–32 scales and transverse series with 7–9 scale rows; dorsal fin with 7 rays, pectoral fin with 11–13 rays, pelvic with 5 and anal fin with 10–12 rays (female) or 8–10 rays (male). Ground color yellowish brown; dark-brown lateral spot, vertically elongated; scales with dark-brown border, conferring reticulate pattern to body (Ota et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Ota RR, Depra GDC, Graca WJD, Pavanelli CS (2018) Peixes da pla- nicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2): 10 - 15."]}

Rineloricaria latirostris (Boulenger, 1900) Figure 2T Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Verde River; 23°26.35′S, 047°35.28′W; 570 m alt; 10.II.2012; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; trawl nets; LEEF 115127 (4 spec., 60.0−750.0 mm SL). Identification. Body depressed; mouth inferior; premaxilla and dentary with 5 teeth. Dorsal fin with I7 rays, pectoral fin with I6–8, pelvic fin with i6 and anal with 4–6 rays. Depressed caudal peduncle, forming one keel on each side (Castro et al. 2004)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 838, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Castro R, Casatti L, Santos HF, Melo AL, Martins LS, Ferreira K M, Langeani F (2004). Estrutura e composicao da ictiofauna de ria- chos da bacia do rio Grande no estado de Sao Paulo, sudeste do Brasil. Biota Neotropica 4 (1): 1 - 39."]}

Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis, 1911 Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt.; 12.II.2012; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 115133, LEEF 115138, LEEF 115162 (12 spec., 22.0−33.0 mm SL). Identification. Bare caudal fin with scales presents only at the base; Body with two humeral macules and small black spots lying at the height of the lateral line (Yoshida et al. 2016)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 833, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827

Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837) Figure 2O Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt; 15.VI.2015; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; trawl nets; MZUSP 115270 (14 spec., 180.0−350.0 mm SL). Identification. Body deep; thick and mobile lips, with several series of denticles; lateral line complete, with 44– 50 pored scales; Dorsal fin pale grey; pelvic fin reddishyellow (Graça and Pavanelli 2007)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 836, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Graca WJ, Pavanelli CS (2007) Peixes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes. Eduem, Maringa, Brazil, 241 pp."]}

Paravandellia oxyptera Miranda Ribeiro, 1912 Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt; 12.I.2012; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; spec., LEEF 115174 (3 spec., 9.0−10.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; mouth inferior; premaxilla and dentary with several small teeth, sometimes covered by skin. Dorsal fin with 9 rays, pectoral fin with 7 rays, pelvic fin with 5–7 and anal fin with 9–10 rays. Ground color whitish to pale yellow; dark-brown longitudinal band, from operculum to vertical through pelvicfin origin. Hyaline fin. Presence of interopercular and opercular odontodes. (Graça and Pavanelli 2007; Ota et al. 2018)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 837, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Graca WJ, Pavanelli CS (2007) Peixes da planicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes. Eduem, Maringa, Brazil, 241 pp.","Ota RR, Depra GDC, Graca WJD, Pavanelli CS (2018) Peixes da pla- nicie de inundacao do alto rio Parana e areas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated. Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2): 10 - 15."]}

Hypostomus regani (Ihering, 1905) Material examined. BRAZIL – São Paulo • Iperó, Ipanema River; 23°22.40′S, 049°38.51′W; 560 m alt; 08.II.2016; W.S. Smith and L. Halcsik leg.; hand nets; LEEF 140732 (6 spec., 120.0−140.0 mm SL). Identification. Body elongated; mouth ventral; body covered with odontodes and bone plates; abdomen partially covered by plates; small yellow spots on the head; fins dark with large light round spots (Reia et al. 2020)., Published as part of Smith, Welber Senteio, Halcsik, Leticia, Biagioni, Renata Cassemiro, Pinheiro, Lúcio Antônio Stefani & Severino Stefani, Marta, 2021, An updated list of the ichthyofauna of Ipanema National Forest, São Paulo, Brazil, pp. 827-840 in Check List 17 (3) on page 837, DOI: 10.15560/17.3.827, {"references":["Reia L, Costa e Silva GS, Ayala JG, Vicensotto AMPF, Benine RC (2020) Ichthyofauna of the ribeirao Sucuri, a tributary of the rio Tiete, upper rio Parana basin, southeastern Brazil. Check List 16 (3): 711 - 728. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 16.3.711"]}

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The continuous growth of the world population and the consequent increase in the demand for food and water imply the need for greater production of food and requires investment in research as more productive and environmentally responsible farming systems. The integrated system of fish and vegetable production, called aquaponia, allows the reuse of nutrients present in the residual water of fish farming and which would be discarded from the system, in the growth of vegetables, providing the reuse of water in the cultivation of fish. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate an aquaponics system, by determining the ideal stocking density of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and the quality of the water and removing nutrients from the fish effluent by the vegetable Lactuca sativa L. e by the aquatic macrophyte Landoltia punctata, aiming at its best technical and productive performance. The productive performance of fish and vegetables was evaluated, as well as their nutritional quality and the quality of water and removal of nutrients through the use of macrophytes in the tertiary treatment system. The study was conducted in experimental modules installed at the Symbiotec Aquaponics Laboratory - Aquicultura e Sistemas Integrados de Produção Ltda. in Piracicaba - SP. The results showed that different densities of cultivation of Oreochromis niloticus, as well as the introduction of the macrophyte Landoltia punctata in the treatment system, did not interfere in the productive performance of the fish, evidencing the viability of raising tilapia in high density integrated (32 kg/m³) with the hydroponic lettuce system, with water recirculation. The association between the nitrifying bacteria in the biofilter, the hydroponic cultivation of lettuce and the introduction of the macrophytes Landoltia punctata proved to be efficient in treating the effluent of the intensive fish farming system and maintaining the quality of the water necessary for the cultivation of tilapia, mainly reducing ammonia levels, toxic to fish. As for the lettuce productivity, it was found that the residual water from the tilapia farming system proved able to provide sufficient quantities of almost all the nutrients necessary for the good development of lettuce in hydroponic cultivation, thus dispensing the need for supplementation with chemical fertilizers, but only the T4 treatment (114 g of feed/m2 of vegetable cultivation) showed results compatible with that expected in commercial production. O contínuo crescimento da população mundial e consequente aumento na demanda por alimento e água implicam na necessidade de maior produção de alimentos e exige investimento em pesquisas como sistemas de cultivos mais produtivos e ambientalmente responsáveis. O sistema integrado de produção de peixes e hortaliças, denominado aquaponia, permite o reaproveitamento dos nutrientes presentes na água residual da piscicultura e que seriam descartados do sistema, no crescimento de hortaliças, proporcionando a reutilização da água no cultivo dos peixes. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar um sistema de aquaponia, por meio da determinação da densidade ideal de estocagem de tilápias-do-Nilo Oreochromis niloticus e da qualidade da água e remoção de nutrientes do efluente piscícola pela hortaliça Lactuca sativa L. e pela macrófita aquática Landoltia punctata, visando seu melhor desempenho técnico e produtivo. Foi avaliado o desempenho produtivo dos peixes e das hortaliças, bem como sua qualidade nutricional e a qualidade da água e remoção de nutrientes pela utilização das macrófitas no sistema de tratamento terciário. O estudo foi conduzido em módulos experimentais instalados no Laboratório de Aquaponia da Symbiotec – Aquicultura e Sistemas Integrados de Produção Ltda. em Piracicaba – SP. Os resultados mostraram que diferentes densidades de cultivo de Oreochromis niloticus bem como a introdução da macrófita Landoltia punctata no sistema de tratamento, não interferiram no desempenho produtivo dos peixes, evidenciando a viabilidade da criação de tilápias em alta densidade (32 kg/m³) integrada ao sistema hidropônico de alface, com recirculação de água. A associação entre as bactérias nitrificantes do biofiltro, o cultivo hidropônico de alface e a introdução das macrófitas Landoltia punctata se mostraram eficientes para tratar o efluente do sistema de piscicultura intensiva e manter a qualidade da água necessária ao cultivo das tilápias, ao reduzir principalmente, os níveis de amônia, tóxica aos peixes. Quanto à produtividade das alfaces, verificou-se que a água residual do sistema de criação de tilápias se mostrou capaz de fornecer quantidades suficientes de quase todos os nutrientes necessários ao bom desenvolvimento da alface em cultivo hidropônico, dispensando assim a necessidade de suplementação com fertilizantes químicos, porém apenas o tratamento T4 (114 g de ração / m2 de cultivo vegetal) apresentou resultados compatíveis com o esperado numa produção comercial. Código de Financiamento 001

The river siltingis usually solved by dredging the sediment deposited in its bed, employing many techniques. In dealing with a concrete case, the objective is to expose the technical criteria lack for the execution of such intervention, the impacts to the river, aquatic biota and its real need. Here aspects of the dissociation between consecrated understandings in the engineering and their mismatch with the ecological theories are presented. This work aimed to study urban floods, elucidating their causes, to propose measures and new technologies to deal with them, through programs and urban policies. The intention is to detail the causes of urban floods, understanding the factors involved and with that, discuss how the public power should proceed in what refers to the dredging. The main objective of this work is to stimulate the incorporation of urban rivers into ecological studies and to draw public attention to this issue. Resumen El desasociamiento de ríos, generalmente, se resuelve a través del dragado de los sedimentos depositados en su lecho, utilizando diversas técnicas. Tratando de un caso concreto, se pretende exponer la falta de criterios técnicos para la ejecución de tal intervención, los impactos para el río, biota acuática y su real necesidad. Se presentan aspectos de la disociación entre entendimientos consagrados en la ingeniería y su descompresión con las teorías ecológicas. Este trabajo buscó estudiar las inundaciones urbanas, dilucidando sus causas, para proponer medidas y nuevas tecnologías para combatirlas a través de programas y políticas urbanas. La intención es detallar las causas de las inundaciones urbanas, entendiendo los factores involucrados y, con ello, discutir cómo el poder público debe proceder. El principal objetivo de este trabajo es estimular la incorporación de los ríos urbanos en estudios ecológicos y llamar la atención del poder público para esa cuestión. Resumo O desassoreamento de rios, geralmente, é resolvido através da dragagem dos sedimentos depositados em seu leito, utilizando diversas técnicas. Tratando de um caso concreto, objetiva-se expor a falta de critérios técnicos para a execução de tal intervenção, os impactos para o rio, biota aquática e a sua real necessidade. São apresentados aspectos da dissociação entre entendimentos consagrados na engenharia e seu descompasso com as teorias ecológicas. Este trabalho buscou estudar as enchentes urbanas, elucidando suas causas, para propor medidas e novas tecnologias para combatê-las, através de programas e políticas urbanas. A intenção é detalhar as causas das inundações urbanas, entendendo os fatores envolvidos e, com isso, discutir como o poder público deve proceder no que se refere ao desassoreamento. O principal objetivo desse trabalho é estimular a incorporação dos rios urbanos em estudos ecológicos e chamar a atenção do poder público para essa questão.

The Ituparanga and Ipaneminha rivers supply 85% of the population from the region of Sorocaba municipality (São Paulo state). These rivers were monitored from November 2007 to January 2009 in five sampling points, by analyzing cyanobacterial diversity therein as well as physical and chemical variables, following the procedures and quality criteria determined by CONAMA Resolution no. 357 and by Ordinance no. 2914 of the Brazilian Health Ministry. Our results revealed the occurrence of cyanobacteria in most points, with seasonal variation. Cyanobacterial richness was associated with increased nitrogen concentration resulting from point (sewage) and diffuse (agriculture) pollution sources. Cell density was not correlated to the increase in phosphorus content. The high occurrence of Dolichospermum solitarium, Aphanizomenon gracile, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Microcystis aeruginosa, all of which are species that commonly occur in eutrophic environments, represents an issue for water resource managers, as it reveals a water quality impairment that reflects the occurrence of an environmental imbalance in the studied ecosystem mostly caused by the aforementioned human activities., Os mananciais de Itupararanga e Ipaneminha, que abastecem 85% da população de Sorocaba (SP) e região, foram monitorados de novembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2009, em cinco pontos de amostragem, com base em análises de cianobactérias e variáveis físicas e químicas, conforme a Resolução 357 do CONAMA e portaria 2914 do Ministério da Saúde. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de cianobactérias na maioria dos pontos, com variações sazonais. A riqueza de cianobactéria esteve relacionada ao aumento do nitrogênio proveniente de fontes pontuais (esgoto) e difusas (agricultura) e a densidade celular não esteve correlacionada ao aumento do teor de fósforo. As elevadas ocorrências de Anabaena solitaria, Aphanizomenon gracile, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii e Microcystis aeruginosa representa uma preocupação para os gestores dos mananciais e que demonstra um decréscimo na qualidade da água refletindo o desequilíbrio ambiental desse ecossistema, decorrente, em maior grau, das atividades antrópicas mencionadas.

Não recebi financiamento In Brazil, species introduction in freshwater ecosystems has become an important topic in conservation ecology, as it is one of the main causes of biodiversity loss. Invasive species benefiting from the lack of natural enemies outside their original geographic distribution might represent a highly competitive pressure to the native species sharing the same resources of the invaded areas and may lead to changes in the abundance and richness of natural communities. In this sense, for a better understanding of these relationships, it is possible to study experimentally the interactions between invasive and native species evaluating competition effects. So, the objective of this study was to assess, through an experimental approach, if there is intraspecific and interspecific competition between two cichlid fish: a native species, the cará Geophagus brasiliensis and the exotic Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The objective was to examine if there is differential growth and feeding under different fish densities in consortium or separated. The experiment was conducted in Setor de Aquicultura do Polo Regional Vale do Paraíba - APTA Regional in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, from March to June 2014. In order to assess the intraspecific competition of each species due to increased density and, comparing them with interspecific competition when the two species coexist in the same tank, five treatments with four replicas were considered. Fish diet studies suggest that there was no intraspecific and interspecific competition for food in this experiment. Despite the morphological similarities between the two fish species, the weight gain is evident and it can be assigned to the treatment itself. Intraspecific competition was not detected, as there was no significant decrease in the average weight gain for both species with increasing density of individuals of the same species. As for the interspecific competition, the results suggest that space availability may have been the main factor of dispute between species, since there was no significant change in diet and the consortium of these species benefited O. niloticus in much higher proportion than G. brasiliensis. No Brasil, a introdução de espécies em ecossistemas aquáticos continentais se tornou um tema de grande relevância na área de ecologia da conservação, pois está dentre as principais causas da perda direta da biodiversidade. As espécies invasoras, beneficiadas pela falta de inimigos naturais fora da sua distribuição original, representam uma elevada pressão competitiva para as espécies nativas das áreas invadidas que partilhem os mesmos recursos, podendo levar a alterações na abundância e riqueza nas comunidades envolvidas. Neste sentido, para melhor entendimento dessas relações, é relevante estudar as interações entre espécies invasoras e nativas bem como avaliar os efeitos da competição. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, através da abordagem experimental, se há competição intraespecíficas ou interespecífica entre duas espécies de ciclídeos: a espécie nativa de cará Geophagus brasiliensis e a exótica tilápia do Nilo Oreochromis niloticus. O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Aquicultura do Polo Regional Vale do Paraíba - APTA Regional, município de Pindamonhangaba, no período de março a junho de 2014. Para avaliar as competições intraespecíficas das espécies, em virtude do aumento da densidade, comparando-as com a competição interespecífica quando as duas espécies coexistem no mesmo tanque, foram considerados cinco tratamentos, com diferentes combinações e densidades, com quatro réplicas. Os resultados obtidos com o estudo da dieta dos peixes sugerem que não houve competição intraespecífica ou interespecífica por alimento nas condições deste experimento. Quanto ao ganho em peso, verificou-se que a diferença entre G. brasiliensis e O. niloticus, apesar das semelhanças morfológicas entre si, é notória e pode ser atribuída ao tratamento em si. Não foi possível constatar a existência de competição intraespecífica, pois não houve diminuição significativa do ganho médio em peso, tanto para o cará quanto para a tilápia, quando aumentada a densidade de indivíduos da mesma espécie. Já quanto à competição interespecífica, os resultados obtidos sugerem que o espaço pode ter sido o principal fator de disputa entre as espécies, uma vez que não houve alteração significativa na alimentação e o consorciamento dessas espécies beneficiou O. niloticus em proporção muito maior que G. brasiliensis.