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The subspecies Roselin githagine Bucanetesgithagineus zedlitzi is found in arid and semi-arid environments of North Africa. In this study, we tracked this species in an urban landscape within a Saharan region to evaluate the impact of the urban gradient on its distribution, to characterize the reproductive parameters in an urban environment, and to report the first case of nesting of this species, in an urban setting. Over a seven-month study period, we regularly visited 90 listening points distributed in three habitats (urban, suburban, and rural). Statistical analysis of the data, using one- way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for recent counts in the three habitats, showed a significant result with a p-value of 0.04, indicating a significant difference between the different habitats. Furthermore, the study of the reproductive parameters of this species revealed that the population had a late laying date and relatively larger egg dimensions compared to other populations studied in Algeria.

This study is carried out on two winter period (2018-2019 and 2019-2020) in Lake El-Golea (Ghardaïa, northern Sahara of Algeria). Its objective is to determine the ornithological value of this lake and to in ferits importance in maintaining aquatic avifauna during the winter season. This inventory shows a diversity equivalent to forty-one species belonging to thirteen families and nine orders of which eighteen are protected by various Algerian and international laws. The most represented family is that of the Anatidae with twelve species while the family with the highest number is that of the Phenicopteridae represented only by one species, the Greater Flamingo (Phenicopterus roseus). These waterbirds occupy the lake in different ways: the insectivores are distributed on the banks and in the shallow areas of the lake while, the herbivores, polyphages and piscivores are concentrated in the deepest areas and in the centre of the lake. It is important to note, however, the presence of two vulnerable species, the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina) and the Marbled Duck (Marmaronetta angustirostris) and anear-threatened species, the Greater Ring- Ferruginous Duck (Aythya nyroca).

The article analyzes and evaluates the experience of Maghreb integration in terms of the interaction of endogenous and exogenous factors that influence it , the most important of which being relations with Europe. The authors’ suggest that Maghreb commitment to the goals and objectives of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership has perverse effects, most notably by becoming a substitute for real cooperation and regional integration as envisaged by the Marrakech Treaty establishing the UMA. The article notes first, the failure of cooperation among members of a «community of destiny» unable to define itself in either economic or political terms and confronted by various technical barriers which impede progress towards Maghreb integration. The article then proposes an analysis of the interaction between construction of a Maghreb identity and the attraction of Europe, raising the question of whether this attraction has not become a substitute for the former, with the unspoken hope of establishing a synergy between the two strategies. On this last point, the author suggests the European Union’s Euro-Mediterranean partnership should focus on southern integration, which, together with good governance would ensure stability in the region.

Since the adoption of the Statute of Rome in July 1998, the ICC hasbeen confronted by a number of problems. One such problem is the disagreement which persists among the members of the Assembly of Member States as to whether the crime of Aggression is one over which the Court has competence pursuant to Article 5 of the Statute. Another diffi culty is the opposition of the United States of America which, since the Bush Administration, has deployed a juridical arsenal with the aim of impeding any type of collaboration with theICC; the tools in the arsenal include the American Service Members’Protection Act and bilateral immunity agreements which prevent thetransfer of American citizens to the Court by State membersof the Rome Statute.

Optimum performance of station affects on the level of service to the consumer that is train service users. The consumers of station or train always want to have appropriate services, from purchasing ticket in ticket counter until waiting for the train to board or arrive. But, based on earlier research, there were still much candidate of passengers looking for information about transportation upon arrival on the station. The purpose of the writing is to evaluate performance and get hints to make some improvements. While, for intermodal analysis of whole railway stations serving KRD Jenggala has been integrated with nearby terminal through the service of feeder that is Lyn.

The author states that the conflicts in the Mediterranean are put down to interrelated factors –frontier disputes, ethnic-cultural rivalries, low-intensity violence– that make them appear to be “intractable conflicts”, specific to the area, and to which it cannot be automatically applied the model of conflict prevention and management that marked East-West relations during the Cold War. But the author’s analysis goes farther: Biad argues that the initiatives of conflict prevention and management have not done well because of the inadequate definition of objectives (Euro-Arab Dialogue, CSCM,Mediterranean Forum), as well as for the discrimination against some of the southern members and the lack of clearly identified principles and rules for a security dialogue (WEU, NATO, and the OSCE). The Barcelona Process appears to offer a much broader framework as it does underline the need for common action in the prevention of conflicts based on the principles of transparency and sufficiency. Nevertheless, after an analysis of both which focuses on the military dimension of security, the author reminds us that the Barcelona Declaration does not include institutional mechanisms for the application of these principles.

[1] The Aracena metamorphic belt is a high-temperature/low-pressure (HT/LP) band located at the southern end of the European Variscan chain. It marks a suture between Armorica and Avalonia. This belt is characterized by (1) the presence of mid-ocean ridge basalt-derived metabasites that were affected by an inverted HT/LP metamorphism related to SW verging thrusting, whose thermal peak diachronously migrated eastward; (2) the occurrence of a HT/LP metamorphism, related to an extensional event, affecting continental rocks belonging to the Ossa Morena zone with peak temperatures that are ~150[degrees]C higher than that recorded in the oceanic metabasites; and (3) the presence of near-trench magmatism with high-Mg andesite composition. These and other characteristics can be interpreted in terms of a ridge-trench-trench triple junction that migrated along the Armorican margin during Variscan oblique convergence. Citation: Diaz Azpiroz, M., C. Fernandez. A. Castro, and M. El-Biad (2006), Tectonometamorphic evolution of the Aracena metamorphic belt (SW Spain) resulting from ridge-trench interaction during Variscan plate convergence, Tectonics', 25, TC 1001, doi: 10.1029/2004TC001742.

Since the adoption of the Statute of Rome in July 1998, the ICC has been confronted by a number of problems. One such problem is the disagreement which persists among the members of the Assembly of Member States as to whether the crime of Aggression is one over which the Court has competence pursuant to Article 5 of the Statute. Another diffi culty is the opposition of the United States of America which, since the Bush Administration, has deployed a juridical arsenal with the aim of impeding any type of collaboration with the ICC; the tools in the arsenal include the American Service Members’ Protection Act and bilateral immunity agreements which prevent the transfer of American citizens to the Court by State members of the Rome Statute. The entry into force of the of the Statute on 1 July 2002 allowed the Court Prosecutor to initiate the fi rst investigations and processes for war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in the confl icts which have devastated certain African States (D.R.C., The Central African Republic and Uganda). The arrest warrant against the Sudanese President Omar Al Bashir for atrocities committed in Darfur demonstrates the limitations of action on the Court which cannot carry out its mandate without the cooperation of the States. Above all, the Court must confront the criticism of “double standards” and that it is an instrument of “justice for the poor”, while the “powerful” escape. The answers to these problems can be contributed to, in part, through the revision process foreseen by the Statute nine years after its entry into force.

We describe a new piston-cylinder method for determining the fluid-absent solidus curves of geological materials. Samples are heated incrementally at pressures from 3 to 20 kbar for periods less than one hour. The effects of melting on the measured oil pressure are small but detectable and yield an accurate solidus by interpretation of pressure-time data. The technique successfully reproduces the solidus curve for LiCl. Results for the Ollo de Sapo pelitic gneiss are superior to those obtained previously using a more conventional technique.