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为了合理保护和利用天敌及科学地选取抽样方法，2015年和2016年合肥地区乌牛早茶园茶蚜、假眼小绿叶蝉、卵形短须螨和双斑长跗萤叶甲与其天敌之间的空间关系，并比较两年间同一种天敌与该害虫空间跟随关系密切程度差异的原因。运用地学统计学方法求得天敌和害虫各自的变程，用灰色关联度方法分析害虫与天敌变程之间的关联度，关联度值越大的天敌在空间上对害虫的跟随关系越密切。与害虫空间跟随关系密切的前三位天敌，2015年茶蚜的是茶色新圆蛛、锥腹肖蛸和粽管巢蛛，2016年是锥腹肖蛸、八斑球腹蛛和鳞纹肖蛸，两年只有锥腹肖蛸相同。2015年假眼小绿叶蝉的是茶色新圆蛛，八斑球腹蛛和粽管巢蛛，2016年的是八斑球腹蛛、茶色新圆蛛和鳞纹肖蛸，两年间前三位天敌中有八斑球腹蛛和茶色新圆蛛相同，但位次不同。2015年卵形短须螨空间跟随关系密切的前三位天敌是茶色新圆蛛、粽管巢蛛和鳞纹肖蛸，2016年的是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和八斑球腹蛛，两年间前三位天敌中有粽管巢蛛和鳞纹肖蛸相同，但位次不同。2015年双斑长跗萤叶甲的是八斑球腹蛛、粽管巢蛛和鳞纹肖蛸，2016年的是鳞纹肖蛸、粽管巢蛛和茶色新圆蛛，两年间前三位天敌中有鳞纹肖蛸和粽管巢蛛相同，但位次不同。初步分析表明年度间与害虫跟随关系天敌位次的变化原因是，害虫个体数与某种天敌个体数之比，比值越小，天敌与害虫跟随关系越密切，似乎是天敌食饵资源短缺所致。

To protect and utilize reasonably nature enemies,and provide scientifically sampling methods,in the this study,spatial relationships of natural enemies with Empoasca vitis(Gothe) and Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer) from late September to late November in 2010,respectively,were investigated in the four kinds of tea gardens of different cultivars(i.e."Shu" tea,"Ping yang te zao" tea,"Fu yun-six" tea and "Long jing chang ye" tea) in Hefei suburban district,China.The ranges of spatial dependence(RSDs) of natural enemies and Empoasca vitis(Gothe) as well as Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer) were,respectively,calculated by the method of geostatistics,and the spatial relationships among enemies and pests were analyzed using grey relational analysis.The results showed that Empoasca vitis(Gothe),Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer) and four kinds of natural enemies(i.e.Misumenops tricuspidatus Fabr.,Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.et Str.,Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch and Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall),respectively,displayed aggregative distribution pattern in the four kinds of tea gardens.The relational grade analysis showed that the two main enemies of Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch and Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall,respectively,have consanguineous relation with Empoasca vitis(Gothe) and Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer) in spatial following relationships in the "Shu" tea garden.Whereas Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.et Str.and Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch,respectively,have very tight connection with Empoasca vitis(Gothe) and Toxoptera aurantii(Boyer) in spatial following relationships in the "Ping yang te zao" tea garden. Specially,in the all four kinds of tea gardens,the most amount of Empoasca vitis Gothe and Toxoptera aurantii Boyer appeared on November 25,2010,and the two kinds of insect pests and the four kinds of natural enemies,respectively,displayed aggregative distribution pattern in the "Fu yun-six" and "Long jing chang ye" tea gardens.Whilst the results showed that the main enemy of Empoasca vitis Gothe was Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch in "Fu yun-six" tea field,and Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.et Str.in "Long jing chang ye" tea field.While the main enemy of Toxoptera aurantii Boyer was Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch in the two kinds of tea fields.Moreover,our findings indicated that the RSDs of Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch in the two kinds of tea fields were 4.7222 and 7.6316,respectively.In conclusion,the present results revealed that the most main enemy of Empoasca vitis Gothe and Toxoptera aurantii was Oxyopes sertatus L.Koch Boyer in spatial following relationships in the four kinds of tea gardens in autumn-winter season,and then was Theridion ocomaculatum Bose.et Str.and Erigonidium graminicolum Sundevall.

To analyze quantitative dynamics of adult population and 3-D spatial pattern of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly),from March 26 to September 24,2006,we investigated the adult population occurrence of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in the Redleaf Cherry Plum trees in the "Apricot Blossom" Park of Hefei city(117°12′ E,31°52′ N).The results showed that Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) was firstly seen on May 21,the high peak period of their occurrence was from June 4 to July 16,and only scattered adult numbers appeared in early September.The population growth model of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) was y=1692.2258e-0.0545t between June 4 and September 10.Similarly,the population growth model of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in the top part and the western part of the tree crown was y=205.60e-0.0523t and y=257.13e-0.0505t,respectively,between May 4 and July 27.These results indicate that the adult numbers of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in both horizontal and vertical direction all presented exponential decline form after the high peak period of their occurrence.The geostatistics analysis showed that the semivariable function equation of space distribution of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in May 21,June 4,June 18,July 2,July 16,July 30 and August 13,respectively,was y = 2E-05x3-0.024x2 + 0.0727x+0.142,y = 0.0709x3-10.479x2+391.67x-300.71,y =-0.0122x3 + 1.1201x2-19.781x + 317.84,y =-0.0013x3 + 0.1613x2-4.4862x + 67.363,y =-0.0016x3 + 0.9177x2-11.495x+551.94,y =-0.0029x3 + 0.3034x2-7.5906x +103.37 and y =-0.0002x3+0.0172x2-0.4975x+13.691.The range of spatial dependence of adult population of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in the seven periods was from 20.3938 to 65.0289.The above results revealed that the spatial pattern of adult population of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) was aggregated distribution from May 21 to August 13.Moreover,our results demonstrated that aggregation indices of horizontal distribution pattern of Ceoporus variabilis(Baly) in the eastern,western,northern and southern part of the tree crown,respectively,have C value1,I value0,CA value0 and Iw value1,indicating that the spatial pattern of their horizontal distribution was aggregated pattern from May 21 to August 13.Consistently,the spatial pattern of their vertical distribution in upper,middle and lower part of the tree crown,respectively,was aggregated pattern with all C1,I0,CA0 and Iw1 from June 4 to August 13.The further analysis indicated that the spatial pattern in the eastern,western,northern,southern,upper,middle and lower part of the tree crown,respectively,presented also aggregated pattern with all C1,I0,CA0 and Iw1 from May 21 to August 13.In addition,our results showed that the λ values of Ceoporus variabilis from June 4 to August 13 were all more than 2,implying that their aggregation behaviors were caused by theirself features.

To conserve and utilize natural enemies for comprehensive control of insect pests in peach orchards,the seasonal and annual variations of population quantities of the five kinds of insect pests with their natural enemies were systematical investigated in the "Yuhualu" juicy peach orchard.The findings of a paired t-testing demonstrated that the t values of five kinds of main pest numbers,i.e.Empoasca flavescens,Myzus persicae,Tetranychus viennensis,Cleoporus variabilis and Stephanitis nashi,indicating that no significant differences existed in the numbers of five kinds of insect pests in "Yuhualu" juicy peach orchard between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.Whilst the t values of the seven kinds of natural enemy numbers,i.e.Erigonidium graminicola,Misumenops tricuspidatus,Theridion octomaculatum,Clubiona japonicola,Propylaea japonica,Chrysopa sinica and Epistrophe balteata,all were significantly lower than 2.16(t0.05 value),revealing that there were also no significant differences in the numbers of the seven kinds of natural enemies between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.Surprisingly,the t value of Harmonia axyridis was 2.39 2.16(t0.05 value),showing that the difference in numbers was significant between the two spring-summer seasons of 2010 and 2011.The further analysis indicated that the t values of Empoasca flavescens,Stephanitis nashi,Misumenops tricuspidatus,Harmonia axyridis,were,respectively,5.63,76.38,3.28 and 4.82 3.01(t0.01),indicating that there were significant differences in their numbers in "Yuhualu" juicy peach orchard between the spring-summer season and the autumn season of 2010,whereas no significant differences existed in the others.Moreover,the quantity,time and space framework of Myzus persicae,Empoasca flavescens,Tetranychus viennens,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nash and their predatory natural enemies in 2010 spring-summer season and autumn season,as well as 2011 spring-summer season were systematically studied using grey system analysis,ecological niche analysis and aggregated-intensity index analysis of spatial patterns.The synthetic ranking results indicated that,in 2010 spring-summer season,the orders of main natural enemies of Empoasca flavescens were Misumenops tricuspidatus,Chrysopa Sinica and Theridion octomaculatum,whereas the ranks of main natural enemies of Tetranychus viennensis were Clubiona japonicola,Theridion octomaculatum and Erigonidium graminicola.In 2011 spring-summer season,the orders of main natural enemies of Myzus persicae,Empoasca flavescens,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis,were,respectively,Epistrophe balteata,Harmonia axyridis and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Erigonidium graminicola,Propylaea japonica and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Erigonidium graminicola,Misumenops tricuspidatus and Theridion octomaculatum;Misumenops tricuspidatus,Propylaea japonica and Erigonidium graminicola;Clubiona japonicola,Theridion octomaculatum and Erigonidium graminicola.In 2010 autumn-winter season,the ranks of main natural enemies of the Empoasca flavescens and Stephanitis nashi,were,respectively,Chrysopa Sinica,Erigonidium graminicola and Misumenops tricuspidatus;Theridion octomaculatum,Erigonidium graminicola and Misumenops tricuspidatus.The further analyses showed that the average λ values of Empoasca flavescens,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis in 2010,and Myzus persicae,Cleoporus variabilis,Stephanitis nashi and Tetranychus viennensis in the spring-summer season of 2011 all are more than 2,and in the four different directions of peach tree crown,the λ value of Tetranychus viennensis in the 2010 spring-summer season,and Empoasca flavescens in the 2010 autumn-winter season,as well as Cleoporus variabilis in the 2011 spring-summer season all are also more than 2,suggesting that the gathering cause of the insect pests resulted from themselves.However,the λ values of the other insect pests and natural enemies all were less than 2,indicating that their gathering was caused by certain environment factors.