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Drought is the most severe production constraint for fenugreek worldwide. Identification and screening of drought tolerant genotype is necessary for mitigation the problem. This study aimed to find out the repeatability of drought tolerance indices for selection of high yielding fenugreek genotypes. Thirty genotypes of fenugreek were sown in RBD with three replications under two moisture regimes for two year during Rabi season. Rank correlation between seed yield and drought tolerant indices was highly correlated. PCA indicated that first and second PCA accounted for 97.10 and 93.70% of variations for proline content and seed yield. Consequently, GGE biplot showed that the genotypes RMt305, GM-1, RMt-303, RMt-143, RMt-351 and GM-2 were ideal for un-predictable environments.

Background: The ambition of nanoparticles in agriculture is to reduce the amount of spread chemicals, minimize nutrient losses in fertilization and increased yield through pest and nutrient management. The recent advances in nanotechnology and its use in the field of agriculture are astonishingly increasing therefore it is tempting to evaluate the effect of different nanoparticles on growth and yield contributing characters in tomato. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at College of Horticulture and Forestry, Jhalawar during Rabi season 2019-2020 which consisted of 13 treatments of three nanoparticles, viz. Zn, Fe and Ag at four different concentrations. Result: The results revealed that among different concentration of nanoparticles, seed treated with 800 ppm Zn NPs solution for 4 hours significantly improved the growth and yield characteristics in comparison to control. Similarly, Fe and Ag NPs also significantly influenced the growth and yield attributes but at increasing concentration showed decreasing trend for these characters. Thus, it can be inferred that employing Zn nanoparticles as seed treatment could increase in growth and yield contributing attributes at higher concentration in tomato.

Background: Fenugreek is a seed spice crop grown in arid and semi-arid areas of the world. The predominant growing areas are lacking with high yielding varieties and adopting poor crop husbandry. Therefore, the present study was focused on assessing the genetic variability among the diverse genotypes for their biometrical traits. Methods: Thirty genotypes of fenugreek were sown in randomized block design with three replications during rabi season 2019-20. Result: Presence of wide spectrum of variability among the genotypes for all the biometrical traits under study was evident. High GCV and PCV ( greater than 20), heritability in broad sense ( greater than 60) coupled with high genetic advance as percentage of mean ( greater than 20%) was observed for proline content in leaves (mg/g) at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and physiological maturity, seed yield per plant, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, crude protein content and test weight suggesting that these characters are genetically governed by additive gene action and can be improved through selection.

Background: Fenugreek is grown under various agro-climatic conditions of the world as well as in India. However, overall yield and quality depends upon various quantitative characters that exist during crop growth period. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the character association and path coefficient analysis among the seed yield and yield contributing characters in fenugreek genotype. Methods: Thirty genotypes were sown with three replications under two environments namely normal (E1) and limited (E2) irrigation conditions during Rabi season 2019-20. The experiment was laid down in RBD. Result: The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were exhibited significantly positive for number of pods per plant (0.765, 0.725 and 0.670, 0.651), number of seeds per pod (0.705, 0.650 and 0.666, 0.640) and pod length (0.376, 0.348 and 0.351, 0.327) with seed yield per plant in both the environments i.e. E1 and E2. The highest direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed for number of pods per plant (0.693, 0.602 and 1.030, 0.754), number of seed per pod (0.396, 0.378 and 0.490, 0.421) and test weight (0.338, 0.304 and 0.405, 0.368) at genotypic and phenotypic levels in both environments i.e. E1 and E2.

Present work studies of surface water quality using principal component analysis (PCA). Yamuna river is situated in North India. Its water has important role in irrigation and domestic uses. Yamuna river water is highly polluted from Gautam Budha Nagar to Agra. The reason is being rapid economic development, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture waste and fertilizers. So, water samples were monitored from Gautam Budha Nagar to Agra for three years (2014, 2015 and 2016). Water sample collection has been done on the basis of past research analysis and self-survey. These water quality parameters include pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total dissolved solid, salinity, chloride, acidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate ions, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total coliform. PCA technique has been applied in analysis dataset. Four factors were identified for the data structure explaining of the total variance (83.73%) of the dataset, in which nutrient factor (41.79%), domestic sewage contamination (22.41%), physicochemical variability (11.92%) and wastewater from industrial (7.61%) in total variance. Result clearly shows that PCA technique is useful tool for water pollution resources identification and management. Anthropogenic activities are responsible for deterioration the river water quality. So, its needs to spread the awareness for the pollution status of river water publicly.

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season 2013 to estimate the correlations and path coefficients for ten quantitative characters among 72 cowpea germplasm. Seed yield per plant had positive significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, plant height, primary branches per plant, pods per plant, pod length, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that primary branches per plant and 100-seed weight had high direct positive effect on seed yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Pod length, days to maturity, 100 seed weight and pod wall proportion had high positive direct effects on seed yield per plant at only genotypic level. Correlation and path analysis indicated that for increasing seed yield in cowpea direct selection should be carried out for higher values of primary branches per plant, pods length, days to maturity and 100 seed weight.

The study was conducted to determine the correlation and path coefficients among the yield and yield component characters in 10 parental lines and their 45 hybrids of pearl millet. Highly significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations were observed for productive tillers per plant (0.354,0.330), plant height (0.470.0.450), panicle length (0.558,0.508), panicle girth (0.377,0.343), biological yield per plant (0.598,0.471) and dry fodder yield per plant (0.490,0.425) with grain yield per plant. The path analysis indicated that dry fodder yield per plant (2.510,0.200), days to 50% flowering (1.770,0.020), harvest index (1.020,0.950), plant height (0.620,0.160) and panicle girth (0.420,0.120) had the highest direct effects on grain yield per plant at genotypic level. The dry fodder yield per plant, days to 50% flowering, harvest index, plant height and panicle girth in this study has been identified as selection criteria for obtaining good parental lines and hybrids in a pearl millet breeding program.

A 10 × 10 half diallel excluding reciprocals was evaluated in 3 environments to study the combing ability and gene action involved in respect of yield and its attributers in pearl millet. The environment wise combining ability analysis revealed significant differences for GCA (general combining ability) and SCA (specific combining ability) variances for characters viz. days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, productive tillers/plant, plant height, panicle length, panicle girth, biological yield/plant, dry fodder yield/plant, grain yield/plant, harvest index, test weight and protein content in all the three environments, except GCA for productive tillers per plant in E2 and panicle girth in E3 and SCA for panicle girth in E3, indicating the importance of both additive and non-additive gene effects for the genetic control of all the characters studied. The estimates of GCA effects indicated that the parents 71–75 and 76–80 emerged as good general combiners for grain yield and its components in the entire environment. Out of 45 crosses combinations only seven combinations such as 26–30 x 71–75, 26–30 × RIB-135-144, 31–40 × 76–80, 31–40 × RIB-135-144, 31–40 × 101–105, 41–50 × RIB-20 and RIB-20 × 71–75 showed significant and positive SCA effects in all the three environment for grain yield and other yield attributing characters. These parents and crosses have immense potential for pearl millet improvement and may be utilized in multiple crossing programme.