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This paper presents a phase-shifted PWM-controlled DC to DC power converter with a synchronous double rectifier. The power switches can be directed to achieve the zero-voltage switching condition using the technology of the full-bridge power converter and increase the efficiency of the converter on the secondary side of the transformer. A current doubling rectifier with low current ripple and synchronized rectifier circuits are also adopted. The secondary side of the high-frequency transformer uses the synchronous double rectifier. The synchronous double rectifier circuit converts AC voltage to DC voltage to enable high-current applications with two filtering inductors to reduce losses and dissipate heat, resulting in an efficient system. The proposed method can control the input DC voltage of the phase-shifted power converter at 400 V and achieves the required DC voltage of 24 V for battery charging applications under the zero-voltage switching condition. The results of simulations and experiments show 86.7% efficiency at 40% load condition and 91.8% efficiency at full load condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the optimal placement of electric vehicle (EV) charging stations in an active integrated distribution grid with photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems (BESS), respectively. The increase in the population has enabled people to switch to EVs because the market price for gas-powered cars is shrinking. The fast spread of EVs depends solely on the rapid and coordinated growth of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). Since EVCSs can cause power losses and voltage variations outside the permissible limits, their integration into the current distribution grid can be characterized by the growing penetration of randomly dispersed photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage (BESS) systems, which is complicated. This study used genetic algorithm (GA) optimization and load flow (accommodation of anticipated rise in the number of electric cars on the road) analysis with a forward and backward sweep methodology (FBSM) to locate, scale and optimize EVCSs from a distribution grid where distributed PV/BESSs are prevalent. Power optimization was demonstrated to be the objective issue, which included minimizing active and reactive power losses. To verify the proposed optimal objective solutions from the active distribution grid, an IEEE 33 bus distribution grid was considered for EVCSs' optimization under the penetration of photovoltaic and BESS systems. MATLAB simulations for the integrated EVCS-PV-BESS system on the distribution grid for five different zones were performed using detection from zone 1 (ranging from 301.9726 kW to 203.3872 kW), reducing the power losses (accounting for 33%) in the system to a minimum level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed a battery energy storage system (BESS) based on the symmetrical concept where the required control is by the symmetrical technique known as volt/var control. The integration of BESS into the conventional distribution has significantly impacted energy consumption over the past year. Load demand probability was used to investigate optimal sizing and location of BESS in an electrical power system. The open electric power distribution system simulator (OpenDSS) was interfaced with MATLAB m-file scripts and presented by using time series analysis with load demand. The optimal BESS solution was adapted by using a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The simulation results showed that the BESS was directly connected to the power grid with GA and PSO, and it was observed that BESS sizing also varied for these two values of 1539 kW and 1000 kW, respectively. The merit of those values is the power figure of the system, which is necessary for installation. Therefore, optimal sizing and location of the BESS are helpful to reduce the impact from the load demand to the total system loss and levelling of the energy demand from the power system network. The integration of the BESS can be applied to improve grid stability and store surplus energy very well. The grid increased the stability of the power system and reduced the impact from the large scale of BESS penetration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the concept of symmetry is introduced by finding the optimal state of a power system. An electric vehicle type load is present, where the supply stores' electrical energy causes an imbalance in the system. The optimal conditions are related by adjusting the voltage of the bus location. The key variables are the load voltage deviation (LVD), the variation of the load and the power, and the sizing of the distributed photovoltaic (DPV), which are added to the system for power stability. Here, a method to optimize the fast-charging stations (FCSs) and DPV is presented using an optimization technique comparison. The system tests the distribution line according to the bus grouping in the IEEE 33 bus system. This research presents a hypothesis to solve the problem of the voltage level in the system using metaheuristic algorithms: the cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), genetic algorithm (GA), and simulated annealing algorithm (SAA) are used to determine the optimal position for DPV deployment in the grid with the FCSs. The LVD, computation time, and total power loss for each iteration are compared. The voltage dependence power flow is applied using the backward/forward sweep method (BFS). The LVD is applied to define the objective function of the optimization techniques. The simulation results show that the SAA showed the lowest mean computation time, followed by the GA and the CSA. A possible location of the DPV is bus no. 6 for FCSs with high penetration levels, and the best FCS locations can be found with the GA, with the best percentage of best hit counter on buses no. 2, 3, 13, 14, 28, 15, and 27. Therefore, FCSs can be managed and handled in optimal conditions, and this work supports future FCS expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]