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Background: Although the symptomatology of Cuprum metallicum is quite vast, its other salts have fragmentary proving. Thus, homoeopathic pathogenetic trial for Cuprum aceticum (Cu acet.) was taken up. Objective: To elicit the pathogenetic response to Cu acet. in homoeopathic potencies on healthy human provers. Materials and Methods: A multi-center, double-blind randomized, placebo controlled, trial was conducted at three centers of Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy. Proving was conducted on 50 relatively healthy provers selected after conducting the Pretrial Medical Examination. All the provers were given placebo during the first phase of the trial. In the next two phases, Cu acet. was administered in 6 C and 30 C potencies, in the intervention group (n = 34); and placebo in the placebo group (n = 16), after randomization. The proving data so generated on Cu acet. were compiled and analyzed at the proving-cum-data processing cell. Results: Out of 34 provers who were on actual drug trial, only 12 provers manifested symptoms. Twenty-six and 20 symptoms were manifested in 6C and 30C potency, respectively. Conclusion: The pathogenetic response elicited during the proving trial expands the scope of use of the homoeopathic medicine C. aceticum. The symptoms generated in this trial will carry more value when verified clinically.

Petrophysical evaluation and proper interpretation of carbonate reservoir is always a challenging task. The difficulty increases as the inherent heterogeneity increases in the reservoir due to its lithology, mineralogy, pore structure, pore distribution, etc. This study investigates the change in the petrophysical parameters and improved electrofacies classification for low resistivity in carbonates in India. Two independent inversion techniques have been adapted in our study to find out correct NMR T2 cut off and the corresponding fluid fractions. Due to the lack of lab data it is a difficult task to calibrate the NMR permeability with the in situ permeability of the reservoir. The study shows a compact framework in modeling permeability and free fluid volume (FFV) derived from NMR log. The outputs with the modified T2 cut off has been used for better electrofacies modelling. The free fluid volume and modified effective thickness of improved facies plays a crucial role for explaining the producibility of the pay. The results computed from the two methods have been validated with the available core data and they are showing promising agreements., {"references":["ALARIFI, S., AL NUAIM, S., ABDULRAHEEM, A. (2015), Productivity Index Prediction for Oil Horizontal Wells Using Different Artificial Intelligence Techniques. Society of Petroleum Engineers. doi:10.2118/172729-MS.","GEORGE, R.C. (1999), NMR Logging Principle and Application. Halliburton, Gulf Publishing, Texas.","HALDIA, B.S., SINGH, S., BHANJA, A.K., SAMANTA, A., DEO, P.P. (2013), A new Approach to determine T2 cut off value with integration of NMR, MDT pressure data in TS-V sand of Charali field. SPG 10th Biennial International Conference & Exposition.","HAYKIN, S. (1999), Neural Networks (2). Prentice Hall, Virginia, USA, pp. 842.","JAIN, V., MINH, C.C., HEATON, N. (2013), Characterization of Underlying Pore and Fluid Structure Using Factor Analysis on NMR Data. Presented at the SPWAL 54th Annual Logging Symposium. Paper TT.","KOHONEN, T. (1982), Self-Organized Formation of Topologically Correct Feature Maps. Biol. Cybern., 43, pp. 59–69.","KUSHWAHA, S., RATHORE, D., HALDIA, B.S., SOLOMON, R., AVADHANI, V.L.N., DEO, P.P. (2018), Facies Analysis and mapping for Reservoir characterization and depositional variations. 4th South Asian Geoscience International Conference, GEOINDIA.","PUSKARCZYK, E. (2020), Application of Multivariate Statistical Methods and Artificial Neural Network for Facies Analysis from Well Logs Data: An Example of Miocene Deposits. Energies 2020, 13, 1548."]}

Background Dengue is an infectious mosquito-borne disease in India and is caused by a virus named as dengue virus. It is also known as break bone fever, is a painful and sometimes fatal viral disease characterized by headache, skin rash and debilitating muscle and joint pains. In India, dengue is becoming a public health problem. The predominant dengue virus serotypes during the last few years have been DENV-2 and DENV-3. There is no specific antiviral treatment currently available for dengue fever. Time to time many dengue cases treated with homoeopathic medicine successfully have been reported. Methodology Demographic data, symptoms and laboratory findings were collected from patients with confirmed dengue infections treated from outpatient department and inpatient department of Dr. D. P. R. Central Research Institute for Homoeopathy, Noida, from September 2015 to October 2015. Results Four dengue infected patients were treated successfully by homoeopathic medicine Eupatorium perfoliatum without any complication. Conclusion Dengue requires early diagnosis and treatment. Dengue can be managed with homoeopathy. Further studies are mandatory as evidence-based data in the management of dengue are sparse.

Background: Homoeopathic remedies are widely used all over the world for different disease conditions. Approximately 70% are derived from the plant; however, their preclinical evaluation is still a major concern. Objective: This study was undertaken with an aim to explore the antimicrobial effect of different homoeopathic drugs and its potencies against the Aspergillus niger. Materials and Methods: Fifteen homoeopathic mother tinctures (Θ) and their potencies (3x, 6x, 12x) were tested for their biological activity against the human pathogenic fungi A. niger using disc diffusion method according to clinical and laboratory standard (CLSIM44-A) with slight modifications. The diameter of zone of inhibition was measured and compared with vehicle control (Alcohol 90%). The experiment was performed twice to check the reproducibility. Results: The marked antifungal activity was observed with Θ of Zingiber officinale; the growth of A. niger was inhibited and showed maximum zone of inhibition up to 15.4 ± 2.88 mm followed by Holarrhena antidysenterica (13.2 ± 1.09) and Terminalia chebula (10.6 ± 1.14). Different potencies (3x, 6x and 12x) were also exhibited significant zone of inhibition, especially Allium cepa 6x (10.4 ± 0.89), Caesalpinia bonducella 6x and 12x (12.8 ± 0.54 and 10.4 ± 1.14, respectively), Eucalyptus globulus 12x (11.3 ± 1.94), Ruta graveolens 12x (15.0 ± 2.23), Thuja occidentalis 6x (10.8 ± 0.83), and Zingiber officinale 3x and 6x (13.0 ± 2.73 and 11.4 ± 2.30, respectively) as compared to control. Conclusion: The findings of study concluded that Θ and potencies can effectively inhibit the growth of A. niger in vitro. This study paves the way for development of homoeopathic antifungal treatments. However, further investigations are required to get more information about the mechanistic approach, their mode of action and in vivo evaluation.

Noise is a salient feature of the environment. There are three sources of noise, namely noise from neighbours, industry and transport. Noise is surrounded all around us and always causes irritation, interferes with the performance of work and modifies social behaviour. The main difference between noise pollution and any other kind of pollution is that no residue is left behind in the environment. Noise pollution can be from simple sources such as a loud radio, air conditioner, human conversation and traffic to various complex machineries such as vehicles, trains and aeroplanes. Exposure to any kind of noise always disturbs sleep. Some studies in India and abroad on noise exposure show an association with hypertension, but at the same time some other studies show that there is only a weak relationship between noise and cardio vascular disease. Exposure to aircraft, rail and road traffic noise is closely associated with the psychological symptoms but not with any psychiatric disorders. Noise pollution has a high degree of adverse effects on mental and physical health of human beings and on other living organisms. Therefore, proper care must be taken to protect the environment.

Formation testing has been widely prevalent in the industry for critical information, such as reservoir pressure, gradient analysis, and fluid identification, that aids formation evaluation. This paper focuses on the successful evaluation of low-mobility reservoirs using the 3D radial probe as compared to the conventional probe in a comprehensive study of 60 wells (most of them offshore) across India. One of the major challenges in formation evaluation, fluid flow from any interval is not certain. Prospective zones are encountered that lie in unconsolidated sands where critical drawdown pressure cannot be exceeded because of formation integrity issues or there are zones that have low mobility and thus cannot be tested. Reliable pressure results cannot be obtained from these formations, nor can the fluids in these zones be identified because of poor flow potential. To overcome this major challenge, different probe (tool inlet) configurations are used that increase the flow area and help test tight formations (e.g., the 3D radial probe). In this study, 1754 stations were analyzed across several heterogeneous formation types and multiple operators to verify the diverse applicability of the 3D radial probe. The analysis was conducted in two phases. Formation testing results from the first phase showed that 47% and 68% of the points of interest in 2018 and Q1, Q2 of 2019, respectively, across all wells remained unevaluated with the conventional probe. Even among the points that gave valid results, there were low-mobility points where downhole fluid analysis (DFA) was not possible because of poor flow potential. Upon introducing the 3D radial probe in six wells, the shortfall of the conventional probe was overcome, which ultimately contributed to 35% additional evaluation success in 2018. In a comparison of the performance on the same wells and same formations, 3D radial probe fluid identification success in 2019 was 93% compared to 2% success in conventional probe evaluation in these tight reservoirs. Through this study, the uncertainty of fluid typing in the tight reservoir was resolved. Accurate interval permeability values were determined and were input to well deliverability estimates. The 3D radial probe results also help the drillstem test (DST) design, saving significant well cost because wet intervals are avoided using downhole fluid characterization, which revolutionizes formation testing in tight reservoirs.

Background: Before the 20th century, research in Homeopathy was limited either for its proving in healthy human volunteers or to its clinical verification/clinical efficacy in diseased individuals. However, in recent years, there has been an increased trend in the number of pre-clinical studies aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity produced by homeopathic medicines. The objective of this review is to make a systemic compilation of results of experimental pharmacological findings of homeopathic medicines, both in vitro and in animal models, and to present the same in a summarised form. Methods: Articles published up to March 2017 having information of in vitro and in vivo studies using homeopathic medicines were collected from the PubMed database, review articles, scientific reports, research articles, thesis, online information extracted from Medline, etc. to compile this review. The articles from the most common therapeutic areas such as antimicrobial effect, central nervous system disorders, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anticancer, wound healing, antiasthmatic and liver toxicity and other therapeutic areas such as diabetes and malaria were included in this review. Results: This review article not only provides the scientific approaches applied in Homeopathy research but also provides evidence-based information on pharmacological effects of dilutions/potencies as well as mother tincture of different homeopathic drugs. This review article also reveals the use of improved methodology, molecular techniques and analytical part adopted in recently published research articles to understand the mechanism of action of homeopathic medicines. Conclusion: Homeopathy has substantial scope in pre-clinical research where therapeutic and biological effects of homeopathic medicines with proper mechanism of action can be traced out with the use of modern molecular techniques in in vivo and in vitro experiments.

E-waste is a popular name for electronic products nearing the end of their favorable life. Which ensuing in increased dangers of digital waste normally acknowledged as e-waste. Present study was aimed to find out the soil quality, air pollution and its relation to human health risk. Therefore, two study sites (SI and SII) were choised on the basis of various activities. PM2.5 air samples had been gathered with the help of RDS after which were analyzed to heavy metals through ICP-MS. Objectives of the study, was to generate baseline data at the quantity of heavy metal cognizance in soil from two test sites. In rise, we measured the heavy metallic concentrations in scalp hair and fingernails to discover if there exists any relation among organic publicity and environmental. Hypertension, Hypoxemia and Asthma had been additionally decided for the evaluation of fitness parameters among the take a look at population. For this purpose, investigation also involved the collection of fingernails and scalp hair for heavy metal analysis (ICP-MS) from human subjects of two study sites. Results indicated that, except SI, SII had significant level of PM2.5 and its heavy metal content. All soil indices which were employed to determine the level of pollution, indicates extreme level of metals at all the study sites. Therefore, local residents as well as workers, who were engaged in e-waste burning and industrial activities also had various levels of toxic metal concentrations in their scalp hair and fingernails. We concluded that the high levels of air pollution, containing toxic metal pollutants such as Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni released from e-waste burning activities, resulted in significant health risks for the exposed human population.It is recommended that environment of Moradabad City should be closely monitored by government agencies on routine basis. It was concluded that the toxic metal contamination imposed a negative influence on the environment, soil and human health.

Background: Homoeopathic drug proving being the first step in finding the pathogenetic powers of a drug is an integral part of Homoeopathic system of medicine. Objective: To elicit the pathogenetic response of Withania somnifera in homoeopathic potencies on healthy human provers. Materials and Methods: A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at four centres under Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy. Proving was conducted on 63 relatively healthy provers. All the provers were given 12 doses of placebo divided into 4 doses/day for 3 days during the first phase of the trial. After randomisation, 43 provers in the intervention group were given W. somnifera in 6C and 30C potencies in two phases. In the placebo group, 20 provers were administered unmedicated globules. The symptoms and signs manifested during the trial were noted down by the provers, elaborated by the proving masters and the data compilation on W. somnifera was done at proving-cum-data processing cell. Results: Out of 43 provers who were on actual drug trial, only 15 provers manifested 39 symptoms. The symptoms have been manifested predominantly in 30C potency. Among the objective findings, the drug has shown its effect on kidney, ovaries and helminthic infestation. Conclusion: The pathogenetic response elicited during this trial expands the scope of the use of W. somnifera and needs to be further validated by clinical verification study.

Background: Rauwolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz (Apocynaceae) (Indian snakeroot), popularly known as Sarpagandha (Sanskrit), is used for the treatment of insanity, fever, snake bites, anxiety and in neuropsychiatric conditions. The antihypertensive actions of Reserpine are a result of its ability to deplete catecholamines (amongst other monoamine neurotransmitters) from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings which are normally involved in controlling heart rate, force of cardiac contraction and peripheral vascular resistance. Objective: Comparative study of Reserpine content in R. serpentina homoeopathic mother tinctures manufactured by different pharmaceutical industries and in-house mother tinctures applying high-performance thin-layer chromatography investigative techniques to facilitate the use of correct species. Materials and Methods: The authentic samples of roots of R. serpentina were supplied by Centre of Medicinal Plants Research in Homoeopathy, Emerald, Tamil Nadu, India. Authentic plant material was used to prepare the mother tincture (as per Homoeopathic Pharmacopoeia of India). Reserpine (C33H40N2O9,M.P. 360°C, purity >99% w/w by high-performance liquid chromatography [HPLC]) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich as a standard reference. The solvents for the study, namely, ethanol, HPLC water, toluene, ethyl acetate, diethylamine and chloroform were of analytical grade purity (MERCK Ltd.,), used throughout. Results: Five samples of mother tinctures were used for the study, in-house mother tinctures (labelled: D and E) of R. serpentina shows a higher amount of Reserpine content than the marketed samples (labelled: A, B and C). Conclusion: It may be concluded that mother tinctures prepared by authentic plants showed the excess amount of Reserpine rather than that of mother tinctures procured from the market.

Background: Homoeopathic drug proving is an integral part of Homoeopathic System of Medicine. It is the first step in finding out the pathogenetic powers of a drug. Objective: To elicit the pathogenetic response to Allium sativum in homoeopathic potencies on healthy human provers. Materials and Methods: A multi-center randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted at two centers of the Central Council for Research in Homoeopathy (CCRH). Proving was conducted on 33 healthy provers after the pretrial medical examination. All the provers were given 12 doses of placebo divided in 4 doses/day for 3 days during the first phase of the trial. After randomization, in the intervention group (21 provers), Allium sativum (A. sativum) was proved in 6C and 30C potencies, in two phases. In the placebo group, 12 provers were administered placebo in the same manner. The symptoms manifested during the trial period were noted down by the provers and then elaborated by the proving masters. The generated data on A. sativum were then compiled and analyzed at proving-cum-data processing cell at CCRH headquarters. Results: Out of 21 provers who were on actual drug trial, only nine provers manifested symptoms. Drug was able to manifest symptoms in both the potencies, in more or less every part of the body. Conclusion: The pathogenetic response elicited during the proving trial expands the scope of use of the drug A. sativum and will benefit the research scholars and clinicians. The generated symptoms of this drug will carry more value when verified clinically.

Milk-coconut sweet was developed by combining different proportions of concentrated buffalo milk (40-60 parts), coconut kernel flakes (20-40 parts), sugar (10-30 parts) on the basis of total weight. The raw materials were optimized on the basis of sensory evaluation (flavour, body and texture, colour and appearance, sweetness and overall acceptability) and instrumental colour analysis based on lightness (L*), redness (a*) and yellowness (b*). Incorporation of concentrated milk beyond 60 parts and coconut kernel flakes beyond 40 parts resulted in a crumbly body in milk-coconut sweet. Addition of sugar below 10 and above 30 parts in the milk-coconut sweet led to low and high sweet taste, respectively. Sensory evaluation and colour analysis of the prepared samples revealed that the sweet prepared with 50 parts of milk, 30 parts of coconut flakes and 20 parts of sugar obtained highest scores. The range of concentrated buffalo milk, coconut flakes and ground sugar were selected as 45-55, 15-25 and 25-35 parts, respectively for optimization of milk-coconut sweet.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the antifungal activity of different homoeopathic mother tinctures against the growth of Candida albicans. Materials and Methods: Homoeopathic mother tinctures (ф) Syzygium jambolanum, Ficus religiosa, Ocimum sanctum, Allium cepa, Thuja occidentalis, Holarrhena antidysenterica and Eucalyptus globulus were evaluated for their antifungal activity against the growth of human pathogenic fungi C. albicans using paper disc agar diffusion method as per guidelines of clinical and laboratory standard (M44-A) with slight modification. The diameters of zone (mm) of inhibition were measured, and the obtained results were compared with that of the vehicle control. Ketoconazole was used as reference standard fungicide. Results: Seven homoeopathic mother tinctures were used in this study and the results indicates that some of the homoeopathic drugs in the study showed significant inhibitory activity against the growth of C. albicans as compared to control. Out of the seven medicines tested, S. jambolanum showed a maximum zone of inhibition as compared to other mother tinctures used. The effectiveness of zone inhibition against the growth of human pathogenic fungi C. albicans are S. jambolanum > T. occidentalis > A. cepa > F. religiosa > E. globulus > O. sanctum > H. antidysenterica. Conclusion: The present study suggests the inhibitory role of homoeopathic medicines against human pathogenic fungi C. albicans.

Hypertrophic scar (HSc) is a dermal fibro proliferative disorder that occurs following trauma, inflammation, surgery, burns, and sometimes spontaneously. This is a case report of a 23 year old male with post-burn HSc after acid burn injury on his left jaw. The homoeopathic medicine Silicea was prescribed in 30 th potency on the basis of the totality of symptoms followed by repertorization; though only three doses of Silicea were prescribed at baseline during the course of treatment followed by placebo, there was a marked improvement in HSc as well as in associated complaints.