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The current computational exploration develops a poroelastic model of the knee cartilage to elevate its temperature under cyclic sinusoidal loading. A contributing factor to the rise in temperature is this tissue's viscous dissipation, which converts some of the mechanical energy supplied into heat. The manipulation of cartilage temperature is mostly reliant on the movement of synovial fluid inside the space between joints and within the permeable cartilage. We developed the region flow model in the presence of induced magnetic fields and gold nanoparticles, which enhanced the efficiency of joint lubrication by boosting the load-carrying capacity. We dealt with the problem for two different models. Model 1 assumes that viscosity is exponentially dependent on concentration. The shear thinning index in Model 2 is regarded as a concentration-dependent variable. We introduce these models for a complex wavy surface, where the first-order slip effect occurs. We modified the governing problem by assuming a long wavelength and a low Reynolds number. We followed up with a computational analysis utilizing the Rung–Kutta–Merson approach with Newton iteration in a shooting and matching strategy. We have conducted detailed comparisons between Model 1 and Model 2. The graphical findings have been shown for the distributions of velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration. Additionally, the pressure gradients, streamlines, and axially generated magnetic fields have also been included. These results are presented for numerous physical parameters. The mechanics of trapping are thoroughly examined through the use of streamlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation of blood flow into curved arteries is fascinating and essential to prevent the advancement of vascular disease. Motivated by electro-kinetic manipulation, gold nanoparticles, and their size applications, a mathematical model is developed to explain blood flow, entropy generation, and electro-kinetic energy conversion (EKEC) efficiency in curved arterial flow. To make this study more realistic, a patient-specific overlapped stenosis condition and non-Newtonian (power-law fluid) blood flow model have been considered. The effects of a magnetic field, external heating, and chemical reactions are also included. The Stone's strongly implicit scheme has been considered to solve the system of non-linear partial differential equations (PDE's) in the" MATLAB" software. In this numerical investigation, an error tolerance of 10 − 6 has been considered for every iteration step under Stone's scheme. The significance of various physical parameters, such as nanoparticle volume fraction (m), their size (dp), magnetic field intensity (M), inverse Debye length ( κ ¯ ), flow behavior index (Sc), heat source (H), and chemical reaction parameter (ξ) on the blood flow velocity, temperature, concentration, EKEC efficiency, and entropy generation have been explained graphically. This study also developed stream function contours to describe flow trapping patterns. The findings of this study conclude that the blood flow EKEC efficiency reduces with the presence of nanoparticles and stenosis in the artery. In addition, both flow velocity and entropy enhance by adopting large-size nanoparticles instead of small diametric nanoparticles. Clinical researchers and biologists may use the results of this computational study to forecast endothelial cell damage and plaque deposition in curved arteries with WSS profiles, by which the severity of these conditions can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the rheology and heat transport of a hybrid nanofluid in an asymmetric microchannel in the presence of an electric field. The mobility of hybrid fluid is caused by peristaltic waves that contract and relax sinusoidally along the channel length. The rheological equations system is simplified by introducing relevant similarity variables, which are then solved using the integration approach. In this study, convective boundary conditions are applied. The electric potential function, velocity profile, pressure gradient, stream function, and temperature profile are all mathematically expressed. The current study's findings are based on three physiological estimates: first is known as the creeping phenomenon, second as the greater wavelength condition, and third as the Debye–Hückel linearization (DHL). Using two different nanoparticles (SWCNT-MWCNT), the peristaltic mechanism is used to model water-based nanofluids. The three-dimensional graphs of rheological features are generated using Mathematica Software to elaborate the influences of relevant parameters on the rheological characteristics. By enhancing both the Biot number and the heat source/sink parameter in the hybrid fluid, the magnitudes of the temperature profile and the Nusselt number are higher than in the (SWCNT / H 2 O or MWCNT / H 2 O) nanofluids. The magnitude of velocity profile is enhanced by increasing the Buoyancy forces and slip velocity. The results of simple fluid are obtained in the absence of concentration parameter. To boost the pumping phenomena, the special nature of peristaltic waves is used. The comparative study of nanofluid and hybrid fluid is also addressed. Three-dimensional graphs are plotted to clearly observe the influence of rheological parameters on flow features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the nonlinear head-on collision between two hydroelastic solitary waves in plate–covered water with Nwogou’s Boussinesq model for the nonlinear fluid motion. This model contains a parameter α that is associated with horizontal velocities according to the chosen level of horizontal velocity variables. A thin elastic cover is considered as the Euler–Bernoulli beam model. To derive the series solution, we apply the Poincaré–Lighthill–Kuo (PLK) method to solve analytically the highly nonlinear coupled partial differential equations. The impact of all the physical parameters is discussed with the help of the asymptotic solutions and graphic representations. In particular, the authors address the behavior of plate deflection, maximum run-up during a collision, phase shift, distortion profile, and wave speed. It is found that the variation of the free parameter α and plate terms dramatically change the amplitude of a solitary wave. It is noticed that a very small tilting occurs due to the distortion in wave profile. The maximum run-up amplitude and the wave speed rise due to a greater influence of the free parameter. The phase shift tends to diminish due to an increment in the free parameter and plate terms. The novelty of the present methodology is compared with previously published results.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate convective heat and mass transfer of nanofluid in the context of improving physical properties through magnetic and non-magnetic nanomaterials under the magnetic influence. For this, three magnetic nanoparticles: cast iron, pure iron, and magnetite and three non-magnetic: gold, silver, and copper are taken into account. The physical problem for homogenous nanofluid is modeled by employing the magnetic interaction between nanoparticles through Lorentz force into fundamental equations of thermo-hydrodynamic and correlations models that support effective physical properties. The governing equations in dimensionless form are taken to analyse the nanofluid flow as well as heat profile. The impact of interesting physical parameters like particle volume fraction and magnetic field on patterns of velocity and the temperature are graphically demonstrated and discussed. The effect of concentration and size of nanoparticles on shear stress and heat transfer at the wall are examined through numerical values shown in table form. The results show that the heat transfer rate of a base fluid is enhanced by deploying nanoparticles and further improved by taking small-size magnetic nanoparticles. Key words: magnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles, nanofluid, magnetic force, heat transfer, shape effects. Notre but est d'examiner le transfert convectif de chaleur et de masse de nanofluides dans un cadre visant l'amelioration des proprietes physiques en utilisant des nanofluides magnetiques et non magnetiques sous l'influence de champs magnetiques. A cette fin, nous considerons trois nanofluides magnetiques et trois non magnetiques: fonte, fer pur et magnetique d'une part et or, argent et cuivre d'autre part. La situation physique pour des nanofluides homogenes est modelisee, utilisant une interaction magnetique entre les nanoparticules via une force de Lorentz, en des equations fondamentales de thermo-hydrodynamique et de modeles de correlations qui supportent les proprietes physiques effectives. Nous utilisons les equations directrices sans dimension pour analyser le flot de nanofluide et le profil de chaleur. Nous presentons graphiquement et discutons l'impact des parametres physiques pertinents, comme la fraction volumique de nanoparticules et du champ magnetique sur les patrons de vitesse et de temperature. Les effets de la concentration et de la grosseur des nanoparticules sur la contrainte de cisaillement et le transfert de chaleur au mur sont examines via les resultats numeriques tabules. Les resultats montrent que le taux de transfert de chaleur du fluide de base est ameliore par l'ajout de nanoparticules et encore plus si les nanoparticules sont petites et magnetiques. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: nanoparticules magnetiques et non magnetiques, nanofluide, force magnetique, transfert de chaleur, effets dus a la forme., 1. Introduction Conventional heat transfer fluids play a significant role in meeting the increasing demand for heat transfer in industry, such as in heat exchange devices, district cooling, heating systems, [...]

The transport phenomenon of water conveying spherical carbon nanotubes, cylindrical graphene, and platelet aluminum oxide nanoparticles exhibits a linear relationship between the pressure gradient causing the dynamics of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid and the velocity. However, it is essential to note that little is known about the computation of roughness at the surface transition zone during the early stages of accretion. The Darcy flow of ternary‐hybrid nanofluid was investigated and reported in this paper with the intention to provide insight into the convective and unstable acceleration related to leading‐edge accretion. The governing equations roughly represented that the time‐dependent fluid flow were nondimensionalized using the Blasius‐Rayleigh Stokes variable, and the three‐stage Lobatto IIIa integration formula for a finite difference (MATLAB package bvp4c) was used to solve numerically. Based on the analysis of results, it is worth concluding that the velocity decreases significantly due to a growth in the leading‐edge accretion (γ) because the convective acceleration increases while the unsteady acceleration decreases for 0∘≤γ≤90∘$0^{\circ } \le \gamma \le 90^{\circ }$. As γ→90∘$\gamma \rightarrow 90^{\circ }$, convective acceleration increases while the unsteady acceleration decreases. As γ enlarges from 90° to 180°, both forms of the acceleration are decreasing properties, but unsteady deceleration is bound to manifest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, nanoengineering has evolved to utilize nanoparticles along with base liquids to enhance the thermal attributes of pure liquids. The industry today also highly relies upon thermal machine performances, and the use of nanomaterials is the key to serve this purpose. In this research, the applications of the slip phenomenon are addressed for bioconvection applications in a non-Newtonian "Eyring–Powell" nanofluid model confined by a stretching sheet. The activation energy and nonlinear thermal radiation are taken as novel impacts during the study. The flow has been saturated by Darcy–Forchheimer porous space. The fundamental laws are attributed to formulate the governing expressions. The numerical simulations are continued employing a shooting scheme to obtain the solutions. The executive and novel physical importance of parameters that governs the flow is addressed for nanofluid velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganisms' profiles. The observations reveal that presence of slip parameter control the velocity but improve the heat and mass transportation phenomenon. The nanoparticles concentration increases with inertial forces and activation energy. Moreover, the bioconvection Lewis number declines the microorganism profile while increasing trend is noted for higher values of slip parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]