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The reciprocal product degree distance RDD*(G), which is a weight version of the Harary index defined for a connected graph G as vertex-degree-weighted sum of the reciprocal distances, that is RDD*(G) = 1/2 Su,v∊V(G)dG(u)dG(v)/dG(u,v), where dG(u) denotes the degree of a vertex u in G and dG(u, v) denotes the distance between two vertices u and v in G. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound for reciprocal product degree distance of F-sum of graphs which is defined by Eliasi [4]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Skin disorders represent a major proportion of occupational disorders. Dermatoses are becoming a source of concern in various population groups. In Kashmir valley, a large number of people are associated directly or indirectly with horticulture. Fruit cultivation is the main occupation of around 33 lakh people in the Union Territory. Aim: To study the profile of dermatological disorders in workers involved in fruit growing industry of Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross‑sectional observational study, carried out over a period of 2 years, in which 701 workers of fruit growing industry of Kashmir valley were screened. Results: 276 (39.37%) of these workers were found to have skin lesions while the rest, that is, 425 (60.63%) were not found to have any dermatoses. Out of the total dermatological lesions observed, occupational dermatoses contributed to 94 cases (34.05%), while non‑occupational dermatoses accounted for 182 cases (65.94%). Among the occupational dermatoses, friction‑related disorders (callosities and cuts) were predominant (15.9%) followed by allergic (12%) and irritant contact dermatitis (6.2%). Out of the non‑occupational dermatoses group, the major portion was comprised by polymorphic light eruption (6.2%) in non‑infectious type while in infectious type, onychomycoses predominated (3.3%). Conclusion: Dermatological conditions form a major group of occupational dermatoses among workers involved in fruit cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin disorders among hairdressers and beauticians have been recognized as a common problem, owing to the prolonged exposure to a variety of irritants and allergens. Objectives: The aim was to study the prevalence of dermatoses among hairdressers and beauticians in Srinagar, the capital city of Kashmir, India. Methods: The study was conducted on 100 respondents from 57 salons and parlors located within the borders of the city. Detailed history taking and complete examination were performed during personal visits. Patch tests were performed with the Indian standard series on all participants. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 24.3 ± 6.3 years. 54% of the studied cases were found to suffer from one or more skin disorders. Hand eczema was the most commonly encountered dermatosis, observed in 32% of the cases. Three patterns of hand eczema were recognized: classic (14%), interdigital (6%), and threading (8%). Callosities were seen in 19% of the cases. We employed the term scissor nodule for the typical pattern of a callosity caused by the finger rings of scissors. Nail staining was encountered in 19%. The most common allergens leading to a positive patch test were found to be paraphenylenediamine (PPD) in thirteen cases, followed by a fragrance mix in nine, nickel sulfate in nine, thiuram in three, and formaldehyde in one. Conclusion: Skin disorders are common among hairdressers and beauticians. Raising awareness of these disorders and methods of their prevention among this group is imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To make adjustments in the radiation therapy protocols for cancer patients during corona virus 2 pandemic in order to lessen their chances of exposure to the infection while reducing the burden on the hospital. Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be an unprecedented and global pandemic [1], impacting all aspects of health care systems including management of cancer patients. Overall cancer patients are more susceptible to all infections but they also have an increased risk for community acquired respiratory virus infections, such as influenza due to their immunocompromised state [2], In order to diminish the chances of getting infected during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic while these patients are on treatment, we modified their radiation therapy treatment protocols to reduce the number of patient visits to hospital during this pandemic. Technique: The treatment protocols implemented during the pandemic were mostly hypo fractionated that is high dose per fraction with a corresponding decrease in number of fractions so as to reduce the overall duration of treatment from conventionally five or seven weeks to between three or four weeks. Conclusion: Treatment of cancer patients had to continue even in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. But being at more risk of contacting the infection so we had to balance the treatment with the risk. We shortened the radiotherapy protocols so that patients had to make less visits to the hospital which reduced their exposure chances and hence reduced possibility of getting infected. This reduced the burden on the hospital services as well. This strategy has worked well so far and nothing adverse has been noticed regarding treatment efficacy or cancer survival outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RZ-invariant of a simple connected graph G is defined as the sum of the terms (Deg(u) + Deg(v) -2)2 over all edges uv of G; where Deg(u) is the degree of a vertex u in G: In this paper, we obtain some new upper and lower bounds for the RZ-invariant in terms of other graph parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reciprocal degree distance (RDD), defined for a connected graph G as vertex degree-weighted sum of the reciprocal distances, that is RDD(G) = ∑ u,v∈V (G) dG(u)+dG(v)/dG(u,v) .The reformulated reciprocal degree distance of Graph R̅t(G), is defined as R̅t(G) = ∑u,v∈V (G) dG(u)+dG(v)/dG(u,v)+t, where t is any real number. In this paper, we investigate the relation between the reformulated reciprocal degree distance and other graph parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A case of primary extra nodal orbital mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is reported for its rarity and a controversial scenario with no clear cut guidelines for post excision treatment. The patient was referredtous in the post excision setting for treatment with radiotherapy, but we put the patient on close follow alone. Patient is alive, with no morbidities and disease free for last eight years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generalized degree distance, denoted by Hλ(G); is defined as where λ is any real number. In this paper, we discuss the mathematical properties for the generalized degree distance of four edge grafting transformations of graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distal renal tubular acidosis is a syndrome of abnormal urine acidification and is characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, hypokalemia, hypercalciurea, nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. Despite the presence of persistent hypokalemia, acute muscular paralysis is rarely encountered in males. Here, we will report an eighteen year old male patient who presented with flaccid quadriparesis and was subsequently found to have rhabdomyolysis, severe short stature, skeletal deformities and primary distal renal tubular acidosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological calcification of basal ganglia has been encountered in children since long back and is associated with various disease entities both acute and chronic. Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism is an important cause of basal ganglia calcification and can account for up to 73.8% of cases. The pathogenesis of basal ganglia calcification in hypoparathyroidism is not clear, however, a high calcium-phosphorus product and poor calcium control are believed to be directly related to calcification. Besides, a direct correlation is seen with the duration of hypocalcemia; the critical duration being ≥4 years. In the presented patient, basal ganglia calcification was seen at a very young age of 6 months. To best of our knowledge, this is probably the youngest case of bilateral basal ganglia calcification in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism in literature. This suggests that besides duration of hypocalcemia, certain genetic factors and the intrauterine milieu may have a role in the pathogenesis of basal ganglia calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emphysematous pyelonephritis, though uncommon, is a severe necrotizing kidney infection common in patients with diabetes. Surgical treatment has been advocated as the treatment of choice in most of the patients. We present the clinical course of an elderly lady who presented with emphysematous pyelonephritis and was successfully managed with medical treatment despite the presence of adverse prognostic factors like acute renal failure and thrombocytopenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare case of male dystotic ‘diprosopus monauchenos’ is reported in a newborn calf that was alive before caesarean section but was born dead. The ‘diprosopus’ calf consists of four eyes (tetraophthalmus), two pairs of nostrils, two mouths, each with a tongue and two pinae. The two faces were fused caudally. The front limbs were normal but the hind limbs were ancylosed and flexed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article on growth hormone secreting pituitary macroadenoma and meningioma.

Genodermatoses are inherited skin disorders associated with manifestations pertaining to both cutaneous and systemic involvement. Most of these disorders are associated with systemic conditions leading to mortality and morbidity. Only few studies have been reported from India. Since there is predominance of consanguineous marriage in northern part of India, very rare disorders are seen but have been under-reported. The present study was done to evaluate the different types of genodermatoses present in population of Kashmir valley, India. The study included total 154 cases of genodermatoses seen over a period of 3 years. Prevalence of genodermatoses was 0.96 per 1000 new OPD cases. Male to female ratio was 1.26:1. Age ranged from 2 days to 56 years with Median age of 7 years. The disorders of keratinisation constituted major group with 67 (42.4%) cases. Mechano-bullous disorder was second most common group seen. Consanguinity in parents was found in 83 (53.8%) of cases while 71 (46.1%) had non-consanguineous marriage in parents. Positive family history was noted in 61 (39.6%) number of cases while as 93 (60.3%) had no positive family history. Recessively inherited disorders were more than dominantly inherited disorders. Predominant or only cutaneous manifestations were seen in 124 (80.5%) cases while 30 (19.4%) patients had extracutaneous associations. In conclusion, a wide spectrum of disorders were seen in our study. Though consanguinity attributes to the presence of recessively inherited disorders but dominant disorders are seen in significant proportion. In absence of genetic testing, proper history and clinical evaluation help in establishment of diagnosis and mode of inheritance in majority of cases.