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No Reference (NR) Video Quality Assessment is the one which is most needed in situations where the handiness of reference video is partially available which is our Hypothetical assumption due to issue raised by reviewers since we used DCT Coefcients in our past research work. Our research work explores the tradeoffs between quality prediction and Video compression. Therefore, we implemented least square support vector regression algorithm as NR-based Video Quality Metric (VQM) for quality estimation with simplied input features based on DCT coefcients (Hypothetical assumption). We concluded that our proposed model overcame sparseness due to hypothetical Assumption.

Background: Adolescence is critical process allowing individual to leave childhood and enter into autonomous adulthood. Self-esteem has a strong relation to happiness, health and well-being. Although the research has not clearly established causation, we are persuaded that high self-esteem does lead to greater happiness. Low self-esteem is more likely to lead to depression. Most of the research till date was conducted in adult population, very few studies are on adolescents. Objective: Assessment of self-esteem and correlate with psychological well-being in adolescents. Methods: 400 school going adolescents were enrolled and questionnaire regarding self-esteem and happiness score were given, later assessed and correlated. Result: Majority of students (84%) were having moderate self-esteem score; 53.75% had normal happiness score. Mean self-esteem score was increasing with age, girls were having more self-esteem score than boys. Significant positive correlation was observed between self-esteem score and happiness score. Conclusion: Adolescents with high self-esteem are happier than adolescent with low self-esteem. Improvement in self-esteem will be useful to reduce mental health issues in teenagers. How to cite this article:Reddy B, Mane S, Agarkhedkar S. Assessment of Self-Esteem and its Correlation with Happiness in Adolescents. Ind J Youth Adol Health 2019; 6(2): 3-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.201907

The voltage-dependent motor protein Prestin (SLC26A5) is responsible for the electromotive behavior of outer hair cells (OHCs) and underlies the cochlear amplifier 1. Knock out or impairment of Prestin causes severe hearing loss 2-5. Despite Prestin’s key physiological role in hearing, the mechanism by which mammalian Prestin senses voltage and transduces it into cellular-scale movements (electromotility) is poorly understood. Here, we determined the structure of dolphin Prestin in six distinct states using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. Our structural and functional data suggest that Prestin adopts a unique and complex set of states, tunable by the identity of bound anions (Cl- or SO4=). Salicylate, a drug that can cause reversible hearing loss, competes for the anion-binding site of Prestin, inhibits its function by immobilizing locking in a novel conformation. This suggests that the anion together with its coordinating fixed charges act as a dynamic voltage sensor. Analysis of all anion-dependent conformations reveals how structural rearrangements in the voltage sensor are coupled to conformational transitions at the protein-membrane interface, suggesting a novel mechanism of area expansion. Visualization of Prestin’s electromotility cycle distinguishes Prestin from closely related SLC26 anion transporters, highlighting the basis for evolutionary specialization of the mammalian cochlear amplifier at high resolution.

The voltage-dependent motor protein Prestin (SLC26A5) is responsible for the electromotive behavior of outer hair cells and underlies the cochlear amplifier1. Knock out or impairment of Prestin causes severe hearing loss2–5. Despite Prestin’s key role in hearing, the mechanism by which mammalian Prestin senses voltage and transduces it into cellular-scale movements (electromotility) is poorly understood. Here, we determined the structure of dolphin Prestin in six distinct states using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. Our structural and functional data suggest that Prestin adopts a unique and complex set of states, tunable by the identity of bound anions (Cl- or SO42-). Salicylate, a drug that can cause reversible hearing loss, competes for the anion-binding site of Prestin, and inhibits its function by immobilizing Prestin in a novel conformation. Our data suggests that the bound anion together with its coordinating charged residues and helical dipole act as a dynamic voltage sensor. Analysis of all anion-dependent conformations reveals how structural rearrangements in the voltage sensor are coupled to conformational transitions at the protein-membrane interface, suggesting a novel mechanism of area expansion. Visualization of Prestin’s electromotility cycle distinguishes Prestin from closely related SLC26 anion transporters, highlighting the basis for evolutionary specialization of the mammalian cochlear amplifier at high resolution.

The voltage-dependent motor protein, Prestin (SLC26A5) is responsible for the electromotive behavior of outer hair cells (OHCs). Here, we determined the structure of dolphin Prestin in complex with Cl- and the inhibitor Salicylate using single particle cryo-electron microscopy. These structures establish the specific structural features of mammalian Prestin and reveal small but significant differences with the transporter members of the SLC26 family of membrane proteins. Comparison with SLC26A9 point to conformational differences in the special relationship between the core and gate domains. Importantly, we highlight substantial alterations to the hydrophobic footprint of Prestin as it relates to the membrane, which point to a potential influence of Prestin on its surrounding lipid. The structure of Prestin bound to the inhibitor Salicylate confirms the nature of the anion binding pocket, formed by TM3 and TM10 in the Core domain and a set of anion coordinating residues which include Q97, F101, F137, S398 and R399. The presence of a well-defined density for Salycilate points to an inhibition mechanism based on competition for the anion-binding pocket of Prestin. These observations illuminate the structural basis of Prestin electromotility, a key component in the mammalian cochlear amplifier.

Purpose Since the development of antipsychotic drugs in the 1950s, a variety of studies and case reports have been published that suggest an association between exposure to typical antipsychotics and venous thromboembolisms (VTE). Therefore, when starting treatment with antipsychotics, especially low-potency typical antipsychotics and clozapine, health-care providers must account for the patient’s existing VTE risk factors. Design/methodology/approach In this case report, the authors describe the development of a pulmonary embolism associated with use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of an acute manic episode in a 51-year-old female patient with bipolar disorder type 1. Findings The patient was brought to the emergency room by the police on a legal hold for bizarre behaviors at a bus stop, which included incessantly yelling at bystanders. The patient was found to have disorganized thoughts, poor sleep, rapid speech, labile mood, distractibility, auditory hallucinations and grandiose delusions. During the course of her stay, the patient received extensive IM chlorpromazine for extreme agitation, in addition to chlorpromazine 200 mg IM Q8H, which was later decreased to chlorpromazine 100 mg chlorpromazine IM/PO Q8H. On day 4 of the treatment, the patient experienced difficulty breathing, hypoxia and tachycardia and was found to have bilateral expiratory wheezes. CT angiography showed sub-segmental pulmonary embolus and the patient was transferred to MICU service. The patient was then intubated and started on heparin by the medical team. Over the course of the next day, her respiratory distress resolved and the patient was extubated. Originality/value It is possible that chlorpromazine may indeed increase VTEs, and there are various physiological postulations regarding the mechanism of action. However, multiple confounding variables existed in the authors’ report, including venous stasis and the use of restraints, tobacco and valproic acid. Each of these variables has been shown to increase VTE occurrence. Further controlled studies are necessary to identify the true relationship between antipsychotics and VTEs.

The ability to predict the formation of twin variants during deformation is essential for modelling the mechanical response of a material. The present study aims to provide a criteria for twin variant selection in an α-Zr alloy. Here Zircaloy-4 was uniaxially deformed at 25 and 300 °C to strain of 0.10 leading to formation of { 1 0 1 ¯ 2 } 1 ¯ 0 1 1 tensile twins. Twin variants were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction for their dependency on commonly used geometric factors i.e. Schmid and geometric compatibility factor. It was shown that twin variants do not always form based on a single criterion. Slip traces and their relation to twins in the neighbouring grain were analysed. A probability based ranking approach for twin variant selection considering a combination of both Schmid and geometric compatibility factors is proposed. The approach was based on the probability of the occurrence of two events, (i) occurrence of either slip or twin and (ii) transmission between slip-twin events across the grain boundary. Two mechanisms as consequence of both (i) and (ii) were considered – mechanism Awhere twin formation is by the activation of either slip or twin system in the neighbouring grain, and mechanism B where active slip to twin or twin to twin transmission takes place across the grain boundary. The fraction of twins formed by mechanism A was seen to be higher than those by Schmid and geometric compatibility factor taken separately.

In this work, a comparative failure analysis of aluminum (AA8011/AA8011) and glass fiber reinforced polyester (GFRP/GFRP) based similar and dissimilar joints is presented. The GFRP is prepared using pultrusion technique. Single lap joints are prepared by using Araldite R2011 epoxy as an adhesive. The lap joints are then tested under tension to estimate the average shear strength of the assembly. It is observed that the average bond strength of AA8011/AA8011 is lesser than that of the GFRP/GFRP joint. The failure of similar joints occurred by fracture within the adhesive. The dissimilar joint is failed predominantly by interface debonding. Further, a detailed three dimensional stress analysis of the joints is carried out using finite element method (FEM). The damage analysis of adhesive layer is carried out by coupling FEM with cohesive zone model (CZM). The stress, damage distributions and failure mechanisms are compared for similar joints in detail. A failure mechanism is proposed for AA8011/AA8011 type joint that favours a rapid crack growth in the adhesive after crack initiation, which is responsible for lesser bond strength. The increase in overlap length has positive effect that the peak load increases proportionally with overlap length.

C-type inactivation in hERG is associated with an asymmetrical constricted-like conformation of the selectivity filter., The fast C-type inactivation displayed by the voltage-activated potassium channel hERG plays a critical role in the repolarization of cardiac cells, and malfunction caused by nonspecific binding of drugs or naturally occurring missense mutations affecting inactivation can lead to pathologies. Because of its impact on human health, understanding the molecular mechanism of C-type inactivation in hERG represents an advance of paramount importance. Here, long–time scale molecular dynamics simulations, free energy landscape calculations, and electrophysiological experiments are combined to address the structural and functional impacts of several disease-associated mutations. Results suggest that C-type inactivation in hERG is associated with an asymmetrical constricted-like conformation of the selectivity filter, identifying F627 side-chain rotation and the hydrogen bond between Y616 and N629 as key determinants. Comparison of hERG with other K+ channels suggests that C-type inactivation depends on the degree of opening of the intracellular gate via the filter-gate allosteric coupling.

The Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that has affected millions of people and found mostly in aged people. It occurs due to loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra part which is found in thalamic region of human brain. Diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease is very much costly. Most of the research works that have been performed to detect Parkinson’s disease are based on speech utterances, kinematic features, pen-based features, etc. In this paper, we aim to simplify the process for early detection of Parkinson’s disease by relying only on hand-drawn figures taken from the disease-affected patients. Histogram of oriented gradients features has been extracted from different types of images, which act as an input to various machine learning classifiers such as k-nearest neighbour, random forest, support vector machine, Naive Bayes, multi-layer perceptron, and the performance of different classifiers is shown. Experimental result analysis shows that with the available training datasets, Dataset 1 and Dataset 2 have achieved 74.7% and 96.8% of accuracy, respectively.

Maraging steel of grade 350 (Fe-18Ni-11.6Co-3.6Mo-1.2Ti-0.13Al in wt%) was subjected to pulsed electric current (electropulsing) at current densities ranging from 4 to 10 kA/mm2. Hardness increased with increasing current density in the solutionized condition. Electropulsing did not alter the grain size, but did increase the local misorientation within grains. Differential scanning calorimetry and atom probe tomography confirmed the precipitation of Ni3 (Ti, Mo). The temperature-time combination experienced by material due to joule heating was estimated to be insufficient for precipitation, and it was inferred that electric current inherently leads to an enhancement of precipitation kinetics.

The effect of deformation temperature (77, 298 and 573 K) on the evolution of slip and twinning modes in Zircaloy-4 was studied. Samples of Zircaloy-4 were uniaxially compressed to different strains at a nominal strain rate of 10−3 s−1. The compression direction was chosen so as to activate twinning. Microstructural examination was carried out using electron backscatter diffraction to relate the evolution of microstructure and texture to the micro-mechanics and work-hardening behaviour. In conjunction with experiments a visco-plastic self-consistent crystal plasticity model was used to determine the evolution of deformation modes. Extensive twinning was observed at all the test temperatures. Twinning activity at 298 and 573 K was comparable, but was lower than that at 77 K. A strong basal texture parallel to the compressive direction was found at 298 and 573 K. The VPSC model predicted well the texture evolution at 298 and 573 K. The basal texture developed at 77 K was found to have partially reoriented back to the initial texture due to secondary twinning. Prism slip was the dominant deformation mode with secondary slip becoming more active at higher temperatures.

Introduction Comminuted patella fractures are uncommon and difficult fractures to manage. Multiple treatment modalities have been suggested, with little clinical data to support practice. Recent biomechanical and technical investigations have described successful plate fixation of comminuted patella fractures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate radiographic, clinical and functional outcome of comminuted patella fractures treated with a fixed angle locking plates. We believe stable fixation, which results in successful fracture union and functional recovery, can be achieved with this technique. Materials and methods A retrospective review was performed at a single regional academic Level 1 trauma hospital. All comminuted patella fractures treated with a fixed angle locking plate (AO/OTA 34C2 and C3) over a six-year period were evaluated. Thirty-six patients were identified. Average length of follow up was 154 weeks (range 12–297 weeks). Twenty patients were available for functional outcome scoring. Primary outcome measures were: Knee Outcome Score (KOS), Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LES) and goniometer measured knee range of motion. Secondary outcomes evaluated the need for additional screw or cerclage fixation, reoperation for any reason, bothersome hardware, infection and nonunion. Results Average KOS = 57.2 (20–74), average LES = 58.9 (15–80). Median extension = 0° (full extension), median flexion = 130°. Supplemental screws were used in 17/36 cases; cerclage used in 2/36 cases. Hardware irritation was noted in 4/20 patients, no patient requested elective hardware removal, one patient had failure of fixation and no nonunions were identified. Conclusion Fixed angle plate stabilization of comminuted patella fractures is a viable technique for fracture fixation. Good to excellent return of knee function and low complication rates, including need for hardware removal, can be expected.

Traumatic through-knee or transfemoral amputations with concomitant ipsilateral femoral fractures are extremely rare injuries. The initial goal of management is patient resuscitation and stabilization. Subsequent interventions focus on limb salvage and the creation of a residual limb that can be fitted successfully for a functional lower extremity prosthesis. We present the case of a patient who sustained a traumatic through-knee amputation ipsilateral to an open comminuted femoral fracture. Soft tissue injury prohibited initial primary closure over the distal femoral condyles. A functional residual limb was achieved with acute femoral shortening, maintenance of the femoral condyles and fracture stabilization with a short retrograde intramedullary nail. This approach allowed maintenance of muscular attachments to the femur, soft tissue closure and resulted in a residual limb of acceptable length with a broad weight-bearing surface that was fitted with a prosthesis successfully.

This study attempts to identify the type of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurring in hot deformed zirconium. For this, samples of Zr were uniaxially compressed at 800 °C and 0.1 s−1 to varying strains. Microstructural characterization was done using electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD). The flow stress showed an initial hardening followed by softening to a steady state value. DRX grains were identified as those with a grain orientation spread of less than 2°. Fine recrystallized grains were observed along grain boundaries at low to intermediate strains (0.15 and 0.6). The grain size decreased with increasing strain up to a strain of 0.6, beyond which it showed no further decrease. The degree of misorientation of boundaries was used to distinguish between discontinuous and continuous dynamic recrystallization (dDRX and cDRX, respectively). Most recrystallized grains had their boundaries of very high misorientation (> 50°) suggesting that dDRX was prevalent. The evidence of cDRX was weak, although it cannot be ruled out at higher strains. It was concluded that Zr undergoes dDRX when deformed at 800 °C and 0.1 s−1.

Creep behavior of a low alloy Mn-Mo-Ni reactor pressure vessel steel received in post weld heat treatment condition has been studied in the temperature range of 600–900 °C. The steel exhibited three stage creep behavior. The steady or secondary creep rates for different stress conditions for a particular temperature were determined using stress change tests. Temperature change tests were conducted to determine the steady state creep rates at different temperatures at a particular stress. The creep rates obtained from different tests were analyzed using the Norton's and Bird-Mukherjee-Dorn creep equations to determine the stress exponent (n) and the creep activation energy (Q). The values of n and Q obtained signify dislocation climb as the underlying creep mechanism in steel. Electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) study indicated formation of fine subgrain structure in the crept sample.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity after cardiac valve surgeries and coronary angioplasty. However, the association of COPD with in-hospital outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) has not been established. Elective TMVr

The ability to predict the formation of twin variants during deformation is essential for modelling the mechanical response of a material. The present study aims to provide a criteria for twin variant selection in an α-Zr alloy. Here Zircaloy-4 was uniaxially deformed at 25 and 300 °C to strain of 0.10 leading to formation of {1 0 1 2}〈1 0 1 1〉 twins. Twin variants were characterized using electron backscatter diffraction for their dependency on commonly used geometric factors i.e. Schmid and compatibility factor. It was shown that twin variants do not always form based on a single criterion. Slip traces and their relation to twins in the neighbouring grain were analysed on a 0.04 strained sample. A probability based ranking approach for twin variant selection considering a combination of both Schmid and geometric factors was proposed. The approach was based on the probability of the occurrence of two events, a) occurrence of either slip or twin and b) transmission between slip-twin events across the grain boundary. Two mechanisms as consequence of both (a) and (b) were considered – (1) twin formation by the activation of soft slip system in the neighbouring grain, (2) active slip to twin transmission across the grain boundary. Overall, the fraction of twins formed by the first mechanism was the highest among all the geometric factors. Lastly, a method for the selection of neighbouring grain (among multiple neighbours of the grain) from which a twin should form was suggested.

The sesame crop is highly susceptible to infection by phytoplasmas, a class of cell wall-less plant pathogenic bacteria (Mollicutes), which is responsible for widespread loss of sesame crops in both North and South India in recent years. Therefore, characterizing the pathogen population is required before the control measures can be devised and implemented. With molecular tools based on nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, sequencing, restriction profiling, and phylogenetic analysis, phyllody-affected sesame plants collected from nine different states of India were found to be infected by phytoplasmas belonging to two 16Sr groups, namely 16SrI and II. Two subgroups of phytoplasma −16SrI-B and 16SrII-D— were prevalent in symptomatic sesame samples collected from North India, whereas phytoplasma of only the 16SrII group was found in South India. However, the latter samples were diverse, belonging to three different subgroups (16SrII-A, II-C, and II-D). In addition, yearly phyllody-affected sesame samples from Delhi for 4 consecutive years (2007–2010) showed variation in the infecting phytoplasma: the subgroup 16SrII-D was detected in samples collected in 2007, and 16SrI-B was predominantly found in the samples collected in the subsequent years. The study also provides molecular evidence for the association between 16SrI-B phytoplasma and different symptoms in sesame crops such as fasciation, little leaf, and stunting. This is the first study to report the association of the phytoplasma subgroups 16SrII-A and II-D with sesame crops in India. This study provides a baseline for designing specific detection and molecular analysis strategies for quarantine purposes. It also highlights the need for examining the dynamics of seasonal or location-specific variation in vector populations to determine the pattern of infection outbreaks.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular conditions. However, the association of OSA with outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) has not been established. From January 2011 to September 2015, TMVr procedures among adults

Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is an independent predictor of poor outcomes after cardiovascular interventions and surgeries. Association of PVD with in-hospital outcomes after transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) has not been studied. Adults who underwent TMVr procedures from January 2011