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1. Child Neurodevelopment After Multidomain Interventions From Preconception Through Early Childhood: The WINGS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Author

Upadhyay, Ravi Prakash, Taneja, Sunita, Chowdhury, Ranadip, Dhabhai, Neeta, Sapra, Savita, Mazumder, Sarmila, Sharma, Sitanshi, Tomlinson, Mark, Dua, Tarun, Chellani, Harish, Dewan, Rupali, Mittal, Pratima, Bhan, M. K., and Bhandari, Nita

Subjects
NEURODEVELOPMENTAL treatment for infants, EARLY intervention (Education), NEURAL development, CLINICAL trials, TODDLERS development, SOCIAL support, CHILD development
Abstract

Key Points: Question: How does a package of multidomain interventions addressing health, nutrition, psychosocial care and support, and environmental hygiene delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood affect child neurodevelopment at 24 months? Findings: In this second report of a randomized trial in India assessing interventions during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood on childhood preterm births and childhood growth as primary outcomes, the secondary outcome was neurodevelopment at 24 months. Among 1712 children assessed, preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions were associated with modest improvements in scores and lower incidence of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental delay in the cognitive, language, and socioemotional domains. Meaning: Multidomain interventions in the preconception period, along with those in pregnancy and early childhood, may be beneficial for child neurodevelopment. Importance: Multidomain interventions in pregnancy and early childhood have improved child neurodevelopment, but little is known about the effects of additional preconception interventions. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a multifaceted approach including health; nutrition; water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH); and psychosocial support interventions delivered during the preconception period and/or during pregnancy and early childhood on child neurodevelopment. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this randomized trial involving low- and middle-income neighborhoods in Delhi, India, 13 500 participants were assigned to preconception interventions or routine care for the primary outcome of preterm births and childhood growth. Participants who became pregnant were randomized to pregnancy and early childhood interventions or routine care. Neurodevelopmental assessments, the trial's secondary outcome reported herein, were conducted in a subsample of children at age 24 months, including 509 with preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood interventions; 473 with preconception interventions alone; 380 with pregnancy and early childhood interventions alone; and 350 with routine care. This study was conducted from November 1, 2000, through February 25, 2022. Interventions: Health, nutrition, psychosocial care and support, and WASH interventions delivered during preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood periods. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cognitive, motor, language, and socioemotional performance at age 24 months, assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development 3 tool. Results: The mean age of participants at enrollment was 23.8 years (SD, 3.0 years). Compared with the controls at age 24 months, children in the preconception intervention groups had higher cognitive scores (mean difference [MD], 1.16; 98.3% CI, 0.18-2.13) but had similar language, motor, and socioemotional scores as controls. Those receiving pregnancy and early childhood interventions had higher cognitive (MD, 1.48; 98.3% CI, 0.49-2.46), language (MD, 2.29; 98.3% CI, 1.07-3.50), motor (MD, 1.53; 98.3% CI, 0.65-2.42), and socioemotional scores (MD, 4.15; 98.3% CI, 2.18-6.13) than did controls. The pregnancy and early childhood group also had lower incidence rate ratios (RRs) of moderate to severe delay in cognitive (incidence RR, 0.62; 98.3% CI, 0.40-0.96), language (incidence RR, 0.73; 98.3% CI, 0.57-0.93), and socioemotional (incidence RR, 0.49; 98.3% CI, 0.24-0.97) development than did those in the control group. Children in the preconception, pregnancy, and early childhood intervention group had higher cognitive (MD, 2.60; 98.3% CI, 1.08-4.12), language (MD, 3.46; 98.3% CI, 1.65-5.27), motor (MD, 2.31; 98.3% CI, 0.93-3.69), and socioemotional (MD, 5.55; 98.3% CI, 2.66-8.43) scores than did those in the control group. Conclusions and Relevance: Multidomain interventions during preconception, pregnancy and early childhood led to modest improvements in child neurodevelopment at 24 months. Such interventions for enhancing children's development warrant further evaluation. Trial Registration: Clinical Trials Registry–India CTRI/2017/06/008908 This randomized trial assesses interventions that span preconception through early childhood compared with usual care on neurodevelopment among children at age 24 months in low- and middle-income neighborhoods in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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10. International network of cancer genome projects

Author

Hudson, Thomas J., Anderson, Warwick, Aretz, Axel, Bell, Cindy, Bernabé, Rosa R., Bhan, M. K., Calvo, Fabien, Eerola, Iiro, Gerhard, Daniela S., Guttmacher, Alan, Guyer, Mark, Hemsley, Fiona M., Jennings, Jennifer L., Kerr, David, Klatt, Peter, Kolar, Patrik, Lane, David P., Laplace, Frank, Nettekoven, Gerd, Ozenberger, Brad, Peterson, Jane, Rao, T. S., Remacle, Jacques, Schafer, Alan J., Shibata, Tatsuhiro, Stratton, Michael R., Watanabe, Koichi, Yuen, Matthew M. F., Cambon-Thomsen, Anne, Dressler, Lynn G., Joly, Yann, Kennedy, Karen L., Parker, Michael J., Romeo-Casabona, Carlos M., Wallace, Susan, Wiesner, Georgia L., Zeps, Nikolajs, Biankin, Andrew V., Chabannon, Christian, de Alava, Enrique, Ferguson, Martin L., Geary, Peter, Hayes, Neil D., Johns, Amber L., Kasprzyk, Arek, Nakagawa, Hidewaki, Piris, Miguel A., van de Vijver, Marc, Aburatani, Hiroyuki, Bayés, Mónica, Bowtell, David D.L., Campbell, Peter J., Hirst, Martin, López-Otín, Carlos, Marra, Marco, Ning, Zemin, Puente, Xose S., Ruan, Yijun, Stunnenberg, Hendrik G., Swerdlow, Harold, Velculescu, Victor E., Xue, Hong H., Yang, Liu, Spellman, Paul T., Bader, Gary D., Boutros, Paul C., Flicek, Paul, Getz, Gad, Guigó, Roderic, Guo, Guangwu, Haussler, David, Hubbard, Tim J., Jiang, Tao, Jones, Steven M., Li, Qibin, López-Bigas, Nuria, Luo, Ruibang, Muthuswamy, Lakshmi, Ouellette, Francis B. F., Pearson, John V., Quesada, Victor, Raphael, Benjamin J., Sander, Chris, Stein, Lincoln D., Stuart, Joshua M., Teague, Jon W., Totoki, Yasushi, Tsunoda, Tatsuhiko, Valencia, Alfonso, Wheeler, David A., Wu, Honglong, Zhao, Shancen, Zhou, Guangyu, Lathrop, Mark, Axton, Myles, Dyke, Stephanie O. M., Gunter, Chris, McPherson, John D., Miller, Linda J., Zhang, Junjun, Haider, Syed A., Wang, Jianxin, Yung, Christina K., Cross, Anthony, Liang, Yong, Gnaneshan, Saravanamuttu, Guberman, Jonathan, Hsu, Jack, Bobrow, Martin, Chalmers, Don R. C., Hasel, Karl W., Kaan, Terry S. H., Knoppers, Bartha M., Lowrance, William W., Masui, Tohru, Nicolás, Pilar, Rial-Sebbag, Emmanuelle, Rodriguez, Laura Lyman, Vergely, Catherine, Grimmond, Sean M., Bowtell, David D. L., Cloonan, Nicole, deFazio, Anna, Eshleman, James R., Etemadmoghadam, Dariush, Gardiner, Brooke A., Kench, James G., Scarpa, Aldo, Sutherland, Robert L., Tempero, Margaret A., Waddell, Nicola J., Wilson, Peter J., Gallinger, Steve, Tsao, Ming-Sound, Shaw, Patricia A., Petersen, Gloria M., Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata, Chin, Lynda, DePinho, Ronald A., Thayer, Sarah, Shazand, Kamran, Beck, Timothy, Sam, Michelle, Timms, Lee, Ballin, Vanessa, Ji, Jiafu, Zhang, Xiuqing, Chen, Feng, Hu, Xueda, Yang, Qi, Tian, Geng, Zhang, Lianhai, Xing, Xiaofang, Li, Xianghong, Zhu, Zhenggang, Yu, Yingyan, Yu, Jun, Yang, Huanming, Tost, Jörg, Brennan, Paul, Holcatova, Ivana, Zaridze, David, Brazma, Alvis, Egevad, Lars, Prokhortchouk, Egor, Banks, Rosamonde Elizabeth, Uhlén, Mathias, Viksna, Juris, Ponten, Fredrik, Skryabin, Konstantin, Futreal, Andrew P., Birney, Ewan, Caldas, Carlos, Reis-Filho, Jorge S., Richardson, Andrea L., Sotiriou, Christos, Birnbaum, Daniel, Blanche, Hélène, Boucher, Pascal, Boyault, Sandrine, Masson-Jacquemier, Jocelyne D., Pauporté, Iris, Pivot, Xavier, Vincent-Salomon, Anne, Tabone, Eric, Theillet, Charles, Treilleux, Isabelle, Bioulac-Sage, Paulette, Clément, Bruno, Decaens, Thomas, Degos, Françoise, Franco, Dominique, Gut, Ivo, Gut, Marta, Heath, Simon, Samuel, Didier, Thomas, Gilles, Zucman-Rossi, Jessica, Eils, Roland, Brors, Benedikt, Korbel, Jan O., Korshunov, Andrey, Landgraf, Pablo, Lehrach, Hans, Pfister, Stefan, Radlwimmer, Bernhard, Reifenberger, Guido, Taylor, Michael D., von Kalle, Christof, Majumder, Partha P., Sarin, Rajiv, Pederzoli, Paolo, Lawlor, Rita T., Delledonne, Massimo, Bardelli, Alberto, Gress, Thomas, Klimstra, David, Zamboni, Giuseppe, Nakamura, Yusuke, Kusuda, Jun, Miyano, Satoru, Kato, Kazuto, Fujimoto, Akihiro, Yoshida, Teruhiko, Campo, Elias, Estivill, Xavier, de Sanjosé, Silvia, Montserrat, Emili, González-Díaz, Marcos, Jares, Pedro, Himmelbaue, Heinz, Bea, Silvia, Aparicio, Samuel, Borg, Ake, Børresen-Dale, Anne-Lise, Foekens, John A., vanʼt Veer, Laura, Easton, Douglas F., Martin, Sancha, Compton, Carolyn C., Lander, Eric S., Penny, Robert, Shaw, Kenna M., Speed, Terence P., Vockley, Joseph G., Lichter, Peter, Barker, Anna D., Burke, Wylie, Collins, Francis S., Green, Anthony R., Hamilton, Stanley R., Kallioniemi, Olli P., Ley, Timothy J., Liu, Edison T., Lu, Youyong, Majumder, Partha, Wainwright, Brandon J., and Wilson, Richard K.

Published
2010
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23. Postnatal growth standards for preterm infants: the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project

Author

Villar, José, Giuliani, Francesca, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A., Bertino, Enrico, Ohuma, Eric O., Ismail, Leila Cheikh, Barros, Fernando C., Altman, Douglas G., Victora, Cesar, Noble, Julia A., Gravett, Michael G., Purwar, Manorama, Pang, Ruyan, Lambert, Ann, Papageorghiou, Aris T., Ochieng, Roseline, Jaffer, Yasmin A., Kennedy, Stephen H., Katz, M., Bhan, M. K., Garza, C., Zaidi, S., Langer, A., Rothwell, P. M., Weatherall, Sir D., Bhutta, Z. A., Villar, J., Kennedy, S., Altman, D. G., Barros, F. C., Bertino, E., Burton, F., Carvalho, M., Cheikh Ismail, L., Chumlea, W. C., Gravett, M. G., Jaff er, Y. A., Lambert, A., Lumbiganon, P., Noble, J. A., Pang, R. Y., Papageorghiou, A. T., Purwar, M., Rivera, J., Victora, C., Shorten, M., Hoch, L., Knight, H. E., Ohuma, E. O., Cosgrove, C., Blakey, I., Roseman, F., Kunnawar, N., S. H., Gu, Wang, J. H., M. H., Wu, Domingues, M., Gilli, P., Juodvirsiene, L., Musee, N., Al Jabri, H., Waller, S., Muninzwa, D., Yellappan, D., Carter, A., Reade, D., Miller, R., Salomon, L. J., Leston, A., Mitidieri, A., Al Aamri, F., Paulsene, W., Sande, J., Al Zadjali, W. K. S., Batiuk, C., Bornemeier, S., Dighe, M., Gaglioti, P., Jacinta, N., Jaiswal, S., Oas, K., Oberto, M., Olearo, E., Owende, M. G., Shah, J., Sohoni, S., Todros, T., Venkataraman, M., Vinayak, S., Wang, L., Wilson, D., Q. Q., Wu, Zhang, Y., Chamberlain, P., Danelon, D., Sarris, I., Dhami, J., Ioannou, C., Knight, C. L., Napolitano, R., Wanyonyi, S., Pace, C., Mkrtychyan, V., Al Habsi, F., Alija, M., Jimenez Bustos, J. M., Kizidio, J., Puglia, F., Liu, H., Lloyd, S., Mota, D., Ochieng, R., Rossi, C., Sanchez Luna, M., Shen, Y. J., Rocco, D. A., Frederick, I. O., Albernaz, E., Batra, M., Bhat, B. A., Di Nicola, P., Giuliani, F., Rovelli, I., Mccormick, K., Paul, V., Rajan, V., Wilkinson, A., Varalda, A., Eskenazi, B., Corra, L. A., Dolk, H., Golding, J., Matijasevich, A., de Wet, T., Zhang, J. J., Bradman, A., Finkton, D., Burnham, O., Farhi, F., Fonseca, S., Sclowitz, I. K., da Silveira, M. F., Y. P., He, Pan, Y., Yuan, Y., Choudhary, A., Choudhary, S., Deshmukh, S., Dongaonkar, D., Ketkar, M., Khedikar, V., Mahorkar, C., Mulik, I., Saboo, K., Shembekar, C., Singh, A., Taori, V., Tayade, K., Somani, A., Frigerio, M., Gilli, G., Giolito, M., Occhi, L., Signorile, F., Stones, W., Kisiang'Ani, C., Jaffer, Y. A., Al Abri, J., Al Abduwani, J., Al Habsi, F. M., Al Lawatiya, H., Al Rashidiya, B., Juangco, F. R., Andersen, H. F., Abbott, S. E., Carter, A. A., Algren, H., Sorensen, T. K., and Enquobahrie, D.

Subjects
Male, Longitudinal study, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Breastfeeding, Pregnancy, medicine, Humans, Fetus, Anthropometry, Obstetrics, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Medicine (all), Infant, Newborn, Postmenstrual Age, Infant, lcsh:RA1-1270, General Medicine, Reference Standards, medicine.disease, Cohort, Regression Analysis, Gestation, Female, business, Breast feeding, Infant, Premature, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Summary Background Charts of size at birth are used to assess the postnatal growth of preterm babies on the assumption that extrauterine growth should mimic that in the uterus. Methods The INTERGROWTH-21 st Project assessed fetal, newborn, and postnatal growth in eight geographically defined populations, in which maternal health care and nutritional needs were met. From these populations, the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study selected low-risk women starting antenatal care before 14 weeks' gestation and monitored fetal growth by ultrasonography. All preterm births from this cohort were eligible for the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study, which included standardised anthropometric measurements, feeding practices based on breastfeeding, and data on morbidity, treatments, and development. To construct the preterm postnatal growth standards, we selected all live singletons born between 26 and before 37 weeks' gestation without congenital malformations, fetal growth restriction, or severe postnatal morbidity. We did analyses with second-degree fractional polynomial regression models in a multilevel framework accounting for repeated measures. Fetal and neonatal data were pooled from study sites and stratified by postmenstrual age. For neonates, boys and girls were assessed separately. Findings From 4607 women enrolled in the study, there were 224 preterm singleton births, of which 201 (90%) were enrolled in the Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study. Variance component analysis showed that only 0·2% and 4·0% of the total variability in postnatal length and head circumference, respectively, could be attributed to between-site differences, justifying pooling the data from all study sites. Preterm growth patterns differed from those for babies in the INTERGROWTH-21 st Newborn Size Standards. They overlapped with the WHO Child Growth Standards for term babies by 64 weeks' postmenstrual age. Interpretation Our data have yielded standards for postnatal growth in preterm infants. These standards should be used for the assessment of preterm infants until 64 weeks' postmenstrual age, after which the WHO Child Growth Standards are appropriate. Size-at-birth charts should not be used to measure postnatal growth of preterm infants. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2015
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28. Mid upper arm circumference as a predictor of risk of mortality in children in a low resource setting in India

Author

Taneja, Sunita, primary, Rongsen-Chandola, Temsunaro, additional, Mohan, Sanjana Brahmawar, additional, Mazumder, Sarmila, additional, Bhandari, Nita, additional, Kaur, Jasmine, additional, Arya, Nikita, additional, Chowdhury, Ranadip, additional, Martines, Jose Carlos, additional, Bahl, Rajiv, additional, and Bhan, M. K., additional

Published
2018
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35. Food Supplementation with Encouragement to Feed It to Infants from 4 to 12 Months of Age Has a Small Impact on Weight Gain

Author

Bhandari, Nita, Bahl, Rajiv, Nayyar, Brinda, Khokhar, Poonam, Rohde, Jon E, and Bhan, M. K.

Subjects
Nutrition counseling -- Research, Developing countries -- Food and nutrition, Infants -- Food and nutrition, Dietary supplements -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

It is unclear whether a substantial decline in malnutrition among infants in developing countries can be achieved by increasing food availability and nutrition counseling without concurrent morbidity-reducing interventions. The study was designed to determine whether provision of generous amounts of a micronutrient-fortified food supplement supported by counseling or nutritional counseling alone would significantly improve physical growth between 4 and 12 mo of age. In a controlled trial, 418 infants 4 mo of age were individually randomized to one of the four groups and followed until 12 mo of age. The first group received a milk-based cereal and nutritional counseling; the second group monthly nutritional counseling alone. To control for the effect of twice-weekly home visits for morbidity ascertainment, similar visits were made in one of the control groups (visitation group); the fourth group received no intervention. The median energy intake from nonbreast milk sources was higher in the food supplementation group than in the visitation group by 1212 kJ at 26 wk (P [is less than] 0.001), 1739 kJ at 38 wk (P [is less than] 0.001) and 2257 kJ at 52 wk (P [is less than] 0.001). The food supplementation infants gained 250 g (95% confidence interval: 20-480 g) more weight than did the visitation group. The difference in the mean increment in length during the study was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -0.1-0.9 cm). The nutritional counseling group had higher energy intakes ranging from 280 to 752 kJ at different ages (P [is less than] 0.05 at all ages) but no significant benefit on weight and length increments. Methods to enhance the impact of these interventions need to be identified. J. Nutr. 131: 1946-1951, 2001. KEY WORDS: * food supplementation * nutritional counseling * feeding advice * infant feeding * infant growth

Published
2001

36. Book reviews

Author

Verma, I. C., Bhan, M. K., Menon, P. S. N., Vatsa, Manju, and Menon, P. S. N.

Published
1981
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45. Clinical trials of improved oral rehydration salt formulations: a review

Author

Bhan, M. K., Mahalanabis, D., Fontaine, O., and Pierce, N. F.

Subjects
Diarrhea, Clinical Trials as Topic, Double-Blind Method, Child, Preschool, Rehydration Solutions, food and beverages, Humans, Infant, Research Article, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

Reviewed are all the published clinical trials of glycine-based oral rehydration salts (ORS), L-alanine-based ORS, L-glutamine-based ORS, maltodextrin-based ORS, and rice-based ORS, as well as the results of several recently completed, but unpublished, studies of these formulations that were supported by WHO. All experimental ORS formulations contained the same concentrations of salts as citrate-based WHO-ORS; all trials were randomized comparisons with WHO-ORS, and all except those with rice-based ORS were double-blind studies. The rate of stool loss and, less frequently, the duration of diarrhoea were used as indicators of clinical performance to compare ORS formulations. The following conclusions were reached concerning the efficacy and use of modified ORS formulations. Rice-based ORS (50 g/l) is superior to WHO-ORS for patients with cholera, and for such patients it can be recommended in any situation where its preparation and use are practical. Rice-based (50 g/l) and WHO-ORS solutions are equally effective for treating children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea, when feeding is resumed promptly following initial rehydration, as has been consistently recommended by WHO. Since rice-based ORS is not superior to WHO-ORS for such children, there is no apparent reason to advise a change from glucose to pre-cooked rice in the recommended formulation for WHO-ORS. Maltodextrin-based ORS formulations (50 g/l) and WHO-ORS appear to be equally effective for treating children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea; there is no reason to advise a change from glucose to maltodextrin in the recommended formulation for WHO-ORS. Amino-acid-containing ORS formulations are not recommended for either non-cholera or cholera diarrhoea, since they are more costly and have no clinical advantage over WHO-ORS for children with acute non-cholera diarrhoea or over rice-based ORS for persons with cholera.

Published
1994

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