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Although cotton is the most common polymer in daily life, its limited use is due to its propensity to catch fire. To solve this issue, we developed an innovative flame‐retardant aluminum phosphate‐supported, chitosan‐linked expandable graphite composite (CAlPEG). The CAlPEG was synthesized by the reaction of natural graphite, aluminum phosphate, and chitosan biopolymer in a one‐pot method. When CAlPEG was coated with cotton fabric and exposed to continuous flame, the fabric did not catch fire up to 760 s, whereas only expandable graphite (EG), aluminum phosphate (AIP), and CS, coated cotton fabric burned within 20 s. Flame‐retardant proficiency of CAlPEG‐coated cloth was confirmed by flame tests such as a limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flammability test. The blank cotton has 17% LOI and is completely burnt out. On the other hand, the as‐prepared composite has a 43% LOI rating, which denotes a high level of flame retardancy. The VFT test result showed the formation of a 3 cm char, which confirms the flame‐retardant material possesses self‐extinguishing qualities. The article develops a new method for utilizing bioresources such as chitosan and offers fresh perspectives on the environmentally friendly synthesis of phosphorylated EG‐linked chitosan on the AlPO4 matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flame retardancy in various materials is becoming an increasingly important performance feature. In the textile industries, fire‐related problems have become an important concern over the decade. Herein, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and graphene‐supported material were functionalized with trimethyl phosphate (TMP) for the synthesis of flame retardant (FR) composite material [graphene polymer functionalized trimethyl phosphate (GPTMP)] in the aqueous medium, which improves the stability of cotton fabric against flame. Graphene and PVA fabricated with phosphorus functional groups make the fabric more comfortable against fire and help to avoid further spreading of fire. The composite‐coated fabric sustains for a long time on continuous flame with maintaining its initial shape and size. The GPTMP‐coated fabric shows flame retardancy for up to 540 s on constant flame exposure, whereas control samples such as PVA‐, graphene oxide‐, and TMP‐coated fabrics resist for up to 15, 20, and 14 s, respectively. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flammability test (VFT) for synthesized composites were performed to confirm and support the flame retardancy property of GPTMP. The GPTMP shows the 35% LOI value and forms the char length of 2.6 cm during VFT. This work provides a simple and eco‐friendly method to obtain novel GPTMP, which has a high potential as a FR for different fabrics, including cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic dyes used in the textile sector have adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Natural dyes are thus a suitable alternative for sustainable textile manufacturing and colouration; however, preparing highly stable dyes on textile fabric remains challenging. In this study, we prepared a copper and 2‐methyl‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (2‐Me‐8‐HQ) functionalized graphene oxide (GO) (CHG) ternary composite as the mordant to enhance the stability and colour strength of naturally extracted turmeric (Tu) and tea (Te) dyes. To evaluate the effect of the CHG composite, it was mixed with Tu and Te dyes to obtain CHG‐functionalized turmeric and tea dyes (TuCHG and TeCHG), respectively. TuCHG and TeCHG exhibited superior colourfastness, wash fastness, and rub fastness, compared with only Tu and Te dyed cotton fabrics. The cytotoxicity of TuCHG and TeCHG was studied in the presence of human keratinocytes HacaT cells. The TuCHG and TeCHG dyes exhibited no cytotoxicity and good antibacterial properties. The proposed method is safe, cost‐effective, and sustainable for applying natural dyes with enhanced stability on cotton fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we formulated carbon black pigment by using cheap, easily available bio-waste (cow dung). This pigment used in the preparation of conducting paint which showed excellent electrical conductivity may have applications in several fields, such as energy storage devices, antistatic coatings, and electronic circuits. • The Conductive paint (CP) was prepared by using biowaste i.e. cow dung and alkyd resin. • It showed excellent electrical conductivity ∼ 6.84 × 106 S m−1. • CP showed minimum sheet resistance ∼8.61 × 10−7 Ω sq-1. • CP also showed decent energy storage ability i.e. specific capacitance 216 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 current density. • We applied CP in electronic circuit to check real application of conductivity. In this study, we developed a bio-inspired, eco-friendly, and cost-effective conductive paint (CP). Conventionally, carbon-based black pigment (CBP) was derived from cow dung, which is an eco-friendly, easily available, and inexpensive biowaste material. Subsequently, CP has been prepared using as-prepared CBP. Herein, for the first time, we used CBP as a conductive pigment that was mixed with an air-dried alkyd resin as a binder for paint formulation. As the conductive pigment, the CBP interconnected in the paint matrix by forming percolation pathways; this resulted in excellent conductive behavior of the as-prepared CP. The intermolecular interaction between the alkyd resin and the conductive pigment resulted in a CP that exhibited excellent conductivity as well as energy storage ability. The sheet resistance of the CP, studied using a four-probe resistivity method, was ∼8.61 × 10−7 Ω sq-1. The biowaste-derived CP also exhibited a high specific capacitance of 216 F g-1 and a high energy density of 24 Wh kg-1 at a current density of 1 A g-1. The main advantage of our prepared CP is better conductivity than that of carbon black, graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotube. As a result, the prepared CP may have applications in several fields, such as antistatic coatings, energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, and electronic circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]