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L’essai introduit brièvement le dossier monographique Choix résidentiels et contrôle de la propriété urbaine dans l’Italie du bas Moyen Âge en résumant les objectifs et l’éventail des problèmes abordés dans les quatre articles qui y sont réunis., Reti Medievali Rivista, Vol 23 No 1 (2022)

L’objectif de cette étude est d’éclairer sous un jour nouveau les choix résidentiels et les stratégies d’acquisition de biens immobiliers des élites génoises réunies en alberghi au cours du XVe siècle à partir des sources fiscales et en particulier du registre Possessionum de 1414. L’analyse fine de la documentation et des données qu’il est possible d’en extraire permettent d’examiner en détails ces choix tout en mettant en évidence l’importance du patrimoine immobilier de ces élites et les stratégies de contrôle de l’espace qu’elles développent. Enfin, certains aspects précis de la gestion des biens immobiliers sont pris en considération afin de nuancer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les propriétés avaient été gérées pro indiviso au sein des alberghi., Reti Medievali Rivista, Vol 23 No 1 (2022)

L’article analyse l’apprentissage dans la ville portuaire de Gênes aux xiiie et xive siècles sur la base d'un large échantillon d’actes notariés. Le but est de clarifier certains aspects de la formation, et des réseaux, et d’identifier les principaux acteurs impliqués. Trois aspects seront abordés : le premier concerne le genre et l’absence apparente des femmes dans le circuit de formation ; le deuxième porte sur la nature du contrat et les conditions qu’il établit ; la dernière partie de l’article examine les réseaux de recrutement en soulignant l’importance des liens sociaux, en particulier pour les apprentis qui venaient de lieux éloignés Based on a broad sample of notarial deeds, the article considers apprenticeship in the port city of Genoa in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries with the aim of elucidating aspects of training and networking, as well as identifying the main actors involved. Three main aspects will be addressed: the first concerns gender and the apparent absence of women from the training circuit. Secondly, the nature of the contract and the conditions it establishes are considered. The final section of the article examines recruitment networks underscoring the importance of social bonds, especially for those apprentices who came from distant places

ITALIANO: L’estrema ricchezza della documentazione genovese e ligure permette di affrontare il tema della dote, patrimonio femminile per eccellenza, a partire da una cronologia molto alta, subito a ridosso dell’abolizione della tercia che, come ben noto, innesca un processo di deterioramento dei diritti patrimoniali femminili. Il saggio prende in considerazione il nesso tradote e matrimonio, sottolineando come non vi è, almeno fino alla fine del periodo qui preso in considerazione, un modo per certificare con assoluta sicurezza la validità dell’unione matrimoniale. Segue una discussione sull’evoluzione della normativa che regola la dote, semprein bilico tra protezione ed esclusione. Molta attenzione è prestata all’informazione che ricaviamo dagli atti della prassi: dalla costituzione della dote e dalle strategie familiari e coniugali ad essa connesse, alla fluidità del fondo dotale, che può anche essere aumentato (augmentumdotis) o trasformato, alla difficoltà delle donne a riottenere le loro spettanze una volta raggiunta la vedovanza. Quello che emerge è un quadro molto complesso a testimonianza dell’estrema varietà delle situazioni e della duttilità dell’istituto della dote. / ENGLISH: The rich and varied extant Genoese and Ligurian sources enable to consider the dowry from as early as the second half of the twelfth century, immediately after the abolition of the tercia, which, as is well known, is the first step in the process of deterioration of women's property rights observable in the late medieval Italian communes. The essay considers the link between dowry and marriage, highlighting that at least until the end of the period considered here no clear way existed that could guarantee with absolute certainty the validity of a marriage. A discussion on the evolution of the law governing dowry, perfectly balanced between protection and exclusion, ensues. Much attention is devoted to the information obtained from the acts of practice: from the constitution of dowry, and the family and conjugal strategies it entailed, to the fluidity of the dotal fund, which could be increased (augmentum dotis) or transformed, to the difficulties endured by widows reclaiming their dowries. A very complex picture emerges, testifying to the extreme variety of situations and the flexibility of the dowry.

International audience; Over the span of a little less than thirty years, the “multiple masculinities” which have existed and coexisted in past times have come to occupy a rather prominent place in the research agendas of scholars interested in gender history. Literature has covered a vast array of topics: from the construction of different types of masculinity in the most diverse (regional, political, social, economic, religious) contexts and how it was expressed, to the relationship between masculinity and power and hierarchies, for example, often adopting multidisciplinary approaches. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of the main research trends as well as a more in depth look at the topics which are explored in the articles that compose this monographic issue of «Genesis».

International audience; Over the span of a little less than thirty years, the “multiple masculinities” which have existed and coexisted in past times have come to occupy a rather prominent place in the research agendas of scholars interested in gender history. Literature has covered a vast array of topics: from the construction of different types of masculinity in the most diverse (regional, political, social, economic, religious) contexts and how it was expressed, to the relationship between masculinity and power and hierarchies, for example, often adopting multidisciplinary approaches. This introductory chapter offers a general overview of the main research trends as well as a more in depth look at the topics which are explored in the articles that compose this monographic issue of «Genesis».

ITALIANO: Nei secoli qui considerati si riscontrano limitazioni alla gestione delle proprie sostanze: in primo luogo, l’obbligo per le donne di farsi accompagnare da due consiglieri (consiliatores) ogni qualvolta vi sia la necessità di redigere un atto notarile. Tuttavia possiamo intuire che questa imposizione non è necessariamente sintomo di mancanza di autonomia, vuoi perché tale obbligo non è sempre rispettato, vuoi perché spesso quella dei consiliatores è una presenza pro forma. Si aprono così diverse possibilità per le donne che possono, in assenza di pressioni, scegliere come indirizzare i loro capitali. Il saggio illustra queste differenti modalità di gestione: l’investimento in immobili (spesso frutto di strategie familiari), nel commercio a lungo raggio o nelle attività artigiane, o ancora inserendosi nel mercato creditizio cittadino. L’ampia casistica qui esaminata mostra donne di elevata ma talora di umile estrazione sociale, mettendo in rilievo le variegate strategie che le donne adottano per aumentare il proprio (anche molto esiguo) patrimonio. / ENGLISH: During the period considered here limitations existed to the direct management of female property: first and foremost, women were obliged to draw up notarial deeds in presence of two legal guardians (consiliatores). This obligation, however, does not necessarily imply a lack of autonomy, either because this prescription was not always respected, or because very often the presence of legal guardians was a mere formality. It follows that in the absence of pressure by family members, women could choose how to invest any disposable income they had. The essay illustrates the different ways through which women could manage their property: by investing in real estate (often the result of family strategies), in long-distance trade or artisan activities, or even by entering the urban credit market. The many cases examined here show women from the upper echelons, but also those from a very humble social background, highlighting the varied strategies they could adopt in order to increase their (at times even paltry) estates.

International audience; The article provides an overview of the collection of studies which focus on the management of family assets by women in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Liguria. The articles gathered here have enabled to chart a chronology of the developments elucidating the extent to which law matched practice as well as regional differences. Moreover, the topics considered have underscored the many opportunities that existed and the role of women in family alliances and strategies. The volume represents a solid foundation for future studies on gender and family from a perspective.; Il contributo chiude la raccolta di studi dedicata alla gestione dei beni familiari da parte delle donne in Liguria nei secoli XII e XIII. Grazie agli articoli qui presentati si è potuta tratteggiare in primo luogo una cronologia degli sviluppi che mette in evidenza sia lo scarto tra norma e prassi sia le differenze all’interno della regione. Le ricerche permettono di apprezzare l’ampio ventaglio di possibilità come anche il ruolo delle donne nelle alleanze e strategie familiari. Il volume si presta così a diventare una solida base per le future ricerche su genere e famiglia in una prospettiva di lunga durata

ITALIANO: Il saggio ricostruisce le vicende di tre donne dell’aristocrazia cittadina mettendo a fuoco il loro ruolo nella gestione del patrimonio delle loro famiglie. La prima, Mabilia de Lecavelis, è una giovane vedova che cerca di ricompattare il patrimonio immobiliare del gruppo parentale del marito con l’obiettivo di rafforzare la posizione dell’unico figlio maschio. Aimelina di Guglielmo Rataldo, che possiamo osservare negli stessi anni, è figlia di un facoltoso mercante, che viene concessa in sposa a Fulco de Castello, rampollo di un’importante famiglia consolare.Il testamento di quest’ultimo e alcuni altri documenti che mostrano i due coniugi agire insieme, sembrano indicare che tra i due si instauri un rapporto di sincero affetto. Del tutto peculiare il caso di Simona comitissa Fieschi, osservabile nel suo ruolo di tutrice dei nipoti dopo la morte del figlio, che sul finire del Duecento cerca di portare avanti la decisione del figlio defunto di negare a uno dei nipoti, un religioso, la sua porzione di eredità. Da questi tre medaglioni emerge chiaramente come le donne contribuiscano a rafforzare il progetto patrimoniale delle famiglie che le accolgono. / ENGLISH: The essay reconstructs the stories of three aristocratic women by focusing on their role in managing their families’ estates. The first, Mabilia de Lecavelis, is a young widow who tries to reassemble the real estate property of her husband’s parental group with the aim of strengthening the position of her only son. Aimelina, daughter of Guglielmo Rataldo, whom we can observe in the same years, hails from a family of merchants and is given in marriage to Fulco de Castello, scion of an important consular family. The will of the latter, and other documents that show the two spouses acting in unison, suggest that the two were bound by sincere affection. The case of Simona comitissa Fieschi, is peculiar: attested as guardian of her grandchildren towards the end of the thirteenth century, she tries to fulfil her deceased son’s decision to deny one of his descendants, a Church man, his portion of the inheritance. These three cases show clearly how women played an active part in strengthening the patrimonial projects of the families they married into.

ENGLISH: This article analyses two wills drawn up by Manuele Zaccaria, scion of a powerful family of merchants, and brother of Benedetto, in the late thirteenth century. Manuele dictated his first will in April 1271, a few days after promising his daughter in marriage to the son of Oberto Spinola, the newly-elected capitano del popolo. This first document reflects Manuele’s need to protect his wealth in view of this marriage alliance. The second will, drawn up more than twenty years later, is telling of Manuele’s religious inclinations and his concern for saving his soul. / ITALIANO: Il contributo prende in considerazione due testamenti stipulati negli ultimi decenni del secolo XIII da Manuele Zaccaria, erede di una potente famiglia di mercanti e fratello di Benedetto. Manuele redige il suo primo testamento in aprile del 1271, pochi giorni dopo aver stipulato il fidanzamento di sua figlia con il figlio di Oberto Spinola, allora appena eletto capitano del popolo. Questo primo documento riflette la necessità di Manuele di proteggere il suo patrimonio a fronte di questa alleanza matrimoniale. Il secondo testamento, redatto a più di vent’anni di distanza, chiarisce le inclinazioni devozionali di Manuele e la sua preoccupazione per salvare la sua anima.

International audience; The article reconstructs the biographical profile and activities of notary Simone Vatacii, operative in Genoa from at least the late 1260s to the beginning of the fourteenth century. A member of a family of notaries, Simone worked for both private and institutions and during his career he managed to build and cultivate relationships with important individuals and families of his contemporary Genoa. Simone’s network of connections seems to have been beneficial also to his son, who was trained to follow his father’s career path, but whom we can observe uniquely as a draper.

International audience

The alberghi are one of the most distinctive and original features of late medieval Genoa, yet scholars have only rarely afforded their attention to these confederacies. Given the current need to address the issue and re-center the focus on the internal aspects of the city, this article aims at giving a brief overview of an ongoing research on the albergo de Nigro, starting from the first attestations relative to the family in the late twelfth century. The large number of notarial documents related to the de Nigro illustrate a close-knit family whose members show not only an interest in long-distance trade, but also a marked inclination towards legal careers.

International audience

The article provides an overview of the collection of studies which focus on the management of family assets by women in twelfth- and thirteenth-century Liguria. The articles gathered here have enabled to chart a chronology of the developments elucidating the extent to which law matched practice as well as regional differences. Moreover, the topics considered have underscored the many opportunities that existed and the role of women in family alliances and strategies. The volume represents a solid foundation for future studies on gender and family from a perspective.

During the period considered here limitations existed to the direct management of female property: first and foremost, women were obliged to draw up notarial deeds in presence of two legal guardians (consiliatores). This obligation, however, does not necessarily imply a lack of autonomy, either because this prescription was not always respected, or because very often the presence of legal guardians was a mere formality. It follows that in the absence of pressure by family members, women could choose how to invest any disposable income they had. The essay illustrates the different ways through which women could manage their property: by investing in real estate (often the result of family strategies), in long-distance trade or artisan activities, or even by entering the urban credit market. The many cases examined here show women from the upper echelons, but also those from a very humble social background, highlighting the varied strategies they could adopt in order to increase their (at times even paltry) estates.

The essay reconstructs the stories of three aristocratic women by focusing on their role in managing their families’ estates. The first, Mabilia de Lecavelis, is a young widow who tries to reassemble the real estate property of her husband’s parental group with the aim of strengthening the position of her only son. Aimelina, daughter of Guglielmo Rataldo, whom we can observe in the same years, hails from a family of merchants and is given in marriage to Fulco de Castello, scion of an important consular family. The will of the latter, and other documents that show the two spouses acting in unison, suggest that the two were bound by sincere affection. The case of Simona comitissa Fieschi, is peculiar: attested as guardian of her grandchildren towards the end of the thirteenth century, she tries to fulfil her deceased son’s decision to deny one of his descendants, a Church man, his portion of the inheritance. These three cases show clearly how women played an active part in strengthening the patrimonial projects of the families they married into.

The essay reconstructs the stories of three aristocratic women by focusing on their role in managing their families’ estates. The first, Mabilia de Lecavelis, is a young widow who tries to reassemble the real estate property of her husband’s parental group with the aim of strengthening the position of her only son. Aimelina, daughter of Guglielmo Rataldo, whom we can observe in the same years, hails from a family of merchants and is given in marriage to Fulco de Castello, scion of an important consular family. The will of the latter, and other documents that show the two spouses acting in unison, suggest that the two were bound by sincere affection. The case of Simona comitissa Fieschi, is peculiar: attested as guardian of her grandchildren towards the end of the thirteenth century, she tries to fulfil her deceased son’s decision to deny one of his descendants, a Church man, his portion of the inheritance. These three cases show clearly how women played an active part in strengthening the patrimonial projects of the families they married into.

The rich and varied extant Genoese and Ligurian sources enable to consider the dowry from as early as the second half of the twelfth century, immediately after the abolition of the tercia, which, as is well known, is the first step in the process of deterioration of women's property rights observable in the late medieval Italian communes. The essay considers the link between dowry and marriage, highlighting that at least until the end of the period considered here no clear way existed that could guarantee with absolute certainty the validity of a marriage. A discussion on the evolution of the law governing dowry, perfectly balanced between protection and exclusion, ensues. Much attention is devoted to the information obtained from the acts of practice: from the constitution of dowry, and the family and conjugal strategies it entailed, to the fluidity of the dotal fund, which could be increased (augmentum dotis) or transformed, to the difficulties endured by widows reclaiming their dowries. A very complex picture emerges, testifying to the extreme variety of situations and the flexibility of the dowry.

En la historiografía de la Corona de Castilla, tanto la implantación del Derecho romanista como la instauración del notariado público están profundamente ligadas a la obra legislativa de Alfonso X (1252- 1284). Sin embargo, a lo largo del siglo anterior pueden percibirse importantes novedades, tanto en el ámbito procesal como en el de su reflejo escrito, cuyo principal agente fueron las gentes de Iglesia. La justicia eclesiástica que llegaba escrita desde Roma quedaba reforzada por la presencia creciente de unos legados pontificios que traían las huellas del Derecho nuevo. Con ello, los eclesiásticos del reino que frecuentaron las escuelas italianas y francesas regresaban a sus sedes con libros modernos y una praxis renovada. Su influencia llegó tanto a las cancillerías regias como a las cortes judiciales de aquellas comunidades urbanas donde ejercían el señorío; también se percibió en las primeras universidades del reino, particularmente la de Palencia. El propósito de este trabajo es trazar los ritmos e identificar los protagonistas de esta renovación, mediante el estudio de una selección de documentos y de formularios documentales en uso antes de mediados del siglo XIII., Esta publicación es parte del proyecto de I+D+i ayuda PGC2018-093495-B-I00, financiado por MCIN/ AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ y FEDER Una manera de hacer Europa.