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The use of different types of concentrated supplements on the performance of Nellore calves grazing Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu in the dry season was evaluated. The experiment was conducted on 24 ha divided into 12 paddocks. Seventy-two calves with initial body weight (BW) 176±14kg for 140 days of experiment were used. Evaluated treatments included: Mineral, Salt+urea (mineral with 30% urea), Protein (supplementation with 45% crude protein (CP) and 46% total digestible nutrients (TDN)); and Protein+energy (with 28% CP and 73% TDN). The Mineral, Salt+urea, and Protein were offered ad libitum, and the Protein+energy 5g/kg BW. Protein+energy showed the highest (P< 0.05) intake (3.66g/kg BW) followed by the Protein (1.61), Salt+urea (0.36), and Mineral (0.32). The two latter supplements were not significantly different (P> 0.05). The highest (P< 0.05) average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) was observed in the Protein+energy (0.074). Average daily gains for the Protein and Salt+urea (0.014 and -0.024, respectively) were not significantly different (P> 0.05), but were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Mineral (-0.085). Therefore, during the dry season, to prevent the loss of bovine weight the supplements must supply in addition to minerals, also energy, non-protein nitrogen (NNP), and true protein. RESUMO Foi avaliada a utilização de tipos de suplementos concentrados sobre o desempenho de bezerros Nelore em pasto de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu na época seca. O experimento foi conduzido em 24ha divididos em 12 piquetes. Foram utilizados 72 bezerros com peso corporal (PC) inicial de 176±14kg por 140 dias de experimento. Os tratamentos foram: mineral, mineral+ureia (mineral com 30% de ureia); proteinado (suplemento com 45% de PB e 46% de nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT)); suplemento energético (suplemento com 28% de PB e 73% de NDT). Mineral, mineral+ureia e proteinado foram fornecidos ad libitum, e o suplemento proteico-energético 5g/kg de PC. O consumo do suplemento (g/kg de PC) foi maior (P0,05). O maior (P0,05). Todos estes foram superiores (P

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Esta dissertação foi elaborada a partir de um experimento realizado com bezerros lactentes, com predominância de sangue Nelore, suplementados a pasto utilizando diferentes fontes de energia. Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, o consumo, a digestibilidade aparente total dos constituintes da dieta e a eficiência de utilização dos compostos nitrogenados de bezerros de corte submetidos ao creep-feeding. Foram utilizados 34 bezerros(12 machos e 22 fêmeas) com idade e peso médio inicial de quatro meses e 108±3,9 kg, respectivamente. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos e dois blocos (machos e fêmeas). Os tratamentos foram: controle (MM), fornecimento de mistura mineral ad libitum aos animais; milho (M); milho + sorgo (M+S) e milho + sorgo + farelo de trigo (M+S+FT). Os suplementos continham aproximadamente 20% de proteína bruta (PB) e foram fornecidos na quantidade de 5 g kg -1 do peso corporal. Os animais suplementados apresentaram maior (P

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This study was maked from an experiment described in the form of two chapters. In chapter 1 the objetive was evaluate the effect of different nutritional strategies in dual- purpose system enhancing the performance of calves and establishing standards to dairy crossbred calves. 60 Holstein x Zebu F1 cows and their calves 3/4 x 1/4 Zebu Holstein were used, distributed in 5 different treatments of nutritional strategies. The strategies used in milk production in dual purpose system consisted of restricted supply daily 1 kg of concentrate per calf. The strategy called short milking period (180 days), normal (270 days of milking) was used. All weaning were performed abruptly when calves reached 270 days of age. The F2 calves were distributed in 12 animals per treatment (5 females and 7 males). The cows were milked twice daily, its production being recorded every 15 days. Cows of group 1, 2 and 3 have been milked for 270 days, with 1 as the control treatment (no concentrated to calves). The calves of treatments 2 and 3 received daily 1 kg of concentrate of 90 to 270 days of age and 180 to 270 days of age, respectively. The cows of treatments 4 and 5 were milked for 180 days and released to pasture with calves that were fed the treatment 4 of 90 to 180 days of age, while in treatment 5, the concentrate was offered to the calves of 90 to 270 days of age. Calves were fed by feeding directly into their mothers before and after milking. The concentrates fed to cows and calves were composed of corn and soybean meal with 20% crude protein. The oxytocin one ml was used to estimate monthly milk intake of calves before and after milking (stimulation milk and residual milk), samples were collected for analysis of components. To estimate the individual intake of forage, indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) was used as an internal indicator. To estimate the faecal output of calves, the external indicator titanium dioxide was supplied in the amount of 10 grams daily in single dose at 7 am, seven days, and stool samples obtained by rectal palpation during three days in three different times daily. The design of experiment was completely randomized. Data milk intake (stimulus or residual), milk production (composition), nutrient intake, body weight and daily weight gain were calculated for each calf per treatment in each period. All statistical analyzes were performed using the PROC MIXED of SAS (version 9.3) program using 0.05 as the critical level of probability for error type I. The daily intake of milk before milking, the calf was approximately 3 liters. The daily intake of milk after milking the cows was 2 liter per day calf, containing high fat composition. The residual milk after milking has a high somatic cell count. The supply of concentrate to 90 days of age at weaning improved (P 0.05) interaction between sex and periods in confinement. The heifers had higher intake (P 0.05) in losses during cooling and length of carcasses. The daily weight gain had an effect (P 0,05) da interação entre sexo e períodos em confinamento. As novilhas apresentaram maior consumo (P0,05) nas perdas durante o resfriamento e no comprimento das carcaças. O ganho de peso diário apresentou efeito (P

The objective of this work to evaluate the estimate daily gain, body measurements, gastrointestinal development of the rumen and small intestine, the diarrhea incidence and morphometric of intestinal villous and rumen papillae, in sucking calves in function of the addition of probiotics in the liquid diet. Thirty male crossbred calves Holstein x Zebu, were distributed in completely randomized design with three treatments: Treatment 1 - whole milk (control), Treatment 2 - whole milk + Sacharomyces cerevisiae and Treatment 3 - whole milk + Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Sacharomyces cerevisae, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium. The feeding supplied daily was constituted of milk, concentrated and hay of grass-Tifton-85. Calves were weighed and measured every fifteen days until slaughter. The incidence of diarrheas was analysed through the verification of the consistence oh the feces. For macroscopic evaluation, it was measured the back-ventral length, crown-rump and rumen weight, length and weight of the small intestine and lumen of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. In the analysis of small intestine and rumen histomorphometric, the height and width of villous were measured, it distance between them and height of the rumen papillae. There were not differences among treatments to daily gain, body and the diarrhea incidence in sucking calves but there were differences to absorptive surface of the jejunum and ileum (90 days) and to absorptive surface of the rumen papillae (45 days). The supply of probiotics in the liquid diet did not influence the performance and development of the sucking calves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o ganho de peso, as medidas corporais, o desenvolvimento gastrintestinal de rúmen e intestino delgado, a incidência de diarréia e a morfometria das vilosidades intestinais e papilas ruminais, aos 45 dias e 90 dias de experimento. Trinta bezerros machos, mestiços Holandês x Zebu foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos: Tratamento 1 - leite integral (controle); Tratamento 2 - leite integral + probiótico constituído por Sacharomyces cerevisae e Tratamento 3 - leite integral + probiótico constituído por Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Sacharomyces cerevisae, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus oryzae, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Enterococcus faecium. A alimentação fornecida foi constituída de leite, concentrado e feno de capim-tifton 85. Os animais foram pesados e medidos quinzenalmente até o abate. A incidência de diarréias foi analisada pela consistência das fezes. Na avaliação macroscópica dos órgaos, mediu-se comprimento dorso-ventral, crânio-caudal e peso do rúmen, comprimento e peso do intestino delgado e lúmen do duodeno, jejuno e íleo. Para a histomorfometria do intestino delgado e do rúmen, foram medidas as áreas de absorção do epitélio intestinal e ruminal. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos para ganho de peso, variáveis corporais e para incidência de diarréia, mas na histomorfometria houve diferença nas áreas de absorção do jejuno e do ileo aos 90 dias e no epitelio ruminal aos 45 dias. O fornecimento de probióticos não influenciou no desempenho e desenvolvimento dos bezerros. Mestre em Ciências Veterinárias

Esta dissertação/tese está disponível online com base na Resolução CEPE nº 090, de 24 de março de 2015, disponível em http://www.biblioteca.ufla.br/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/res090-2015.pdf, que dispõe sobre a disponibilização da coleção retrospectiva de teses e dissertações online no Repositório Institucional da UFLA, sem autorização prévia dos autores. Parágrafo Único. Caberá ao autor ou orientador a solicitação de restrição quanto à divulgação de teses e dissertações com pedidos de patente ou qualquer embargo similar. Art. 5º A obra depositada no RIUFLA que tenha direitos autorais externos à Universidade Federal de Lavras poderá ser removida mediante solicitação por escrito, exclusivamente do autor, encaminhada à Comissão Técnica da Biblioteca Universitária./ Arquivo gerado por meio da digitalização de material impresso. Alguns caracteres podem ter sido reconhecidos erroneamente. Indisponível Indisponível