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Copyright of Revista de Gestão Ambiental e Sustentabilidade (GeAS) is the property of Revista de Gestao Ambiental e Sustentabilidade / UNINOVE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural is the property of Sociedade Brasileira de Economia e Sociologia Rural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The State, through public policies, must ensure that the fundamental social rights of citizens are met, aiming at social well-being and the reduction of inequalities in all its forms. This investigation seeks to measure and analyze the trajectory of social spending in Ceará, as well as aspects of poverty and inequality, between 2008 and 2021. For this, an exploratorydescriptive methodology was used, using secondary data from the website Compara Brazil, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Institute for Research and Economic Strategy of Ceará (IPECE). In general, even as a result of state development policy, social spending in Ceará has a behavior linked to the national situation, even when looking at spending by function. Regarding inequality, Ceará adheres more to recovery or recession situations, compared to regional and national performance. Poverty reacts better in adverse conjunctures, from 2014 to 2019 and in the pandemic year of 2020. The current fiscal austerity scenario, since 2016, and the trend of lack of responsibility of the State, excluding the pandemic period, represents a limit to the return of downward trend in the poverty and inequality conditions, experienced until 2015, constituting, in addition, an obscure scenario for the exercise of social policy in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay aims to understand how the insertion of black women in the labor market in the Northeast has been processed. Descriptive methodology is used, based on literature review and secondary data analysis, which occurs from the perspective of race and gender, through the definition of four categories: black women (black and mixed race), non-black women, men black (black and brown) and non-black man. The data come from the microdata from the National Household Sample Survey (PNAD), from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), for the years 2005 and 2014. The results show that the improvement in economic conditions and the labor market experienced in Brazil, especially in the 2000s, they expand the opportunities reserved for women and extend, albeit in a different way, conditioning a new pattern of insertion of black women in the labor market. However, despite the indisputable improvement in a set of indicators related to black women, such as the best growth rate of the employed population, a more intense drop in unemployment, a greater variation in the average years of schooling, in addition to significant gains in participation in better bands In terms of schooling, the face of unemployment and informality is still black and female, which demonstrates the long way to go in search of more inclusive and focused policies for the elimination and not just smoothing disparities and segregations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the levels of occupational vulnerability in the metropolitan region of Cariri, where indicators are proposed in order to measure the levels of exposure to the precariousness of work in that area based on the microdata of the Brazilian demographic census of 2010. It is recorded that the region is marked by high levels of vulnerabilities, mainly characterized by low-income interpersonal informality. The subspaces of the metropolitan region, whether rural or less developed, further accentuate these levels of vulnerability, evidencing the need to promote work under more decent conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the Industrial Revolution, anthropic intervention on the environment has grown significantly. In addition to the environmental imbalances, this revolution paved the way for an expansion that heavily pressured the planet’s natural resource base. Until the late 1960s, economic theory did not recognize that environmental problems could cause substantial and persistent failures in market economies. From this decade on, the generalization of concern and awareness regarding the environmental damage caused by the vigorous economic and technological development in progress began. The backdrop for new reflections lies in the transformations imposed by the structural and systemic crisis of the dominant production system, especially in the 1970s, with the ecological crisis motivating new accommodations for conventional analyzes or structural ruptures. This essay proposes to bring to the theoretical debate the construction of two important analytical matrices in understanding the economy-nature relationship: studies of neoclassical orientation, with developments after the crisis of the 1970s, and the paradigm of Ecological Economics. Additionally, notes and reflections are made that guide the propositions to face the ongoing climate crisis in the light of these matrices. Bibliographical research was carried out on the subject in question, with the aim of establishing a theoretical framework capable of responding to the objective of the research. Based on this framework, the foundations of neoclassical economics are presented and the subsequent attempt to incorporate environmental issues by the traditional economic mainstream, as well as the perspective of the epistemological rupture and systemic analysis of Ecological Economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]