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This grounded theory research examined the actions mentors take to help student teams. We interviewed nine mentors from an engineering competition using semi-structured interviews. We studied the interactions between mentors and student teams and identified nine mentoring actions: initiating the relationship, strategies to develop thinking, active involvement in the design process, keeping the team on track, empathising with the team, monitoring team dynamics, offering appropriate amount of support, providing information, and giving career advice. These nine actions can be mapped into a temporal model of team mentoring with two dimensions -- the teamwork process dimension comprises mentoring actions that target team relationship building, and the teamwork foundation dimension consists of mentoring actions that focus on the product or design, the outcome of the team interactions. This "Temporal Model of Team Mentoring" (TMTM) advances the theoretical conceptions of team mentoring and can be used as a guide for team mentor training.

Simple Summary: Cancer-associated cachexia is a serious complication that can arise in patients with head and neck cancer due to both the disease and its treatments. It causes severe weight loss, muscle and fat depletion, and systemic inflammation, which significantly diminish patients' quality of life and survival. This study uses advanced machine learning techniques to improve the prediction and understanding of cachexia. By analyzing detailed imaging and clinical data, the research seeks to identify early signs of cachexia, providing insights that could help shape future management strategies. Our findings suggest that specific imaging biomarkers, particularly pancreatic volume, could play a crucial role in predicting cachexia, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes for affected patients. Background/Objectives: Cancer-associated cachexia in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is challenging to diagnose due to its complex pathophysiology. This study aimed to identify metabolic biomarkers linked to cachexia and survival in HNSCC patients using [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging and machine learning (ML) techniques. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 253 HNSCC patients from Vienna General Hospital and the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Automated organ segmentation was employed to quantify metabolic and volumetric data from [18F]FDG-PET/CT scans across 29 tissues and organs. Patients were categorized into low weight loss (LoWL; grades 0–2) and high weight loss (HiWL; grades 3–4) groups, according to the weight loss grading system (WLGS). Machine learning models, combined with Cox regression, were used to identify survival predictors. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) analysis was conducted to determine the significance of individual features. Results: The HiWL group exhibited increased glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (p = 0.01), while the LoWL group showed higher lung metabolism. The one-year survival rate was 84.1% in the LoWL group compared to 69.2% in the HiWL group (p < 0.01). Pancreatic volume emerged as a key biomarker associated with cachexia, with the ML model achieving an AUC of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.77–0.80) and an accuracy of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.81–0.83). Multivariate Cox regression confirmed pancreatic volume as an independent prognostic factor (HR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.46–0.95; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The integration of metabolic and volumetric data provided a strong predictive model, highlighting pancreatic volume as a key imaging biomarker in the metabolic assessment of cachexia in HNSCC. This finding enhances our understanding and may improve prognostic evaluations and therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Learning and development are critical to a business's success. This paper aims to focus on organizational factors at multiple organizational levels that facilitate learning culture in a small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) in northwestern China. Design/methodology/approach: This study is qualitative in nature. A single case study method is used to explore an SME's organizational factors that facilitate learning culture. Findings: This paper categorizes the organizational factors into seven dimensions: shared vision, creating continuous learning opportunities, informal learning that promotes inquiry and dialogue, collaboration and team learning, knowledge management systems, work-family enrichment and encouragement and support. This paper also compares the findings with learning culture models from Western research. Research limitations/implications: Chinese culture has far-reaching and fundamental effects on many East Asian countries and regions. For SMEs in similar cultural settings with a collectivist orientation, future research may focus on the effect of the work-family enrichment on learning culture. Originality/value: Work-family enrichment was found to be an important factor that influences learning effectiveness in this Chinese small business based on traditional values in Chinese culture.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and examine findings from empirical research regarding organizations' talent development (TD) strategies, taking into consideration the countries in which the studies were conducted and the TD-approach organizations adopted, and recognize the positive outcomes of TD implementation, as well as potential issues and challenges. Design/methodology/approach: This systematic literature review used Garrard's matrix method to organize the review of publications. It identified 31 empirical articles from the total of 551 publications. Findings: The findings indicate that a majority of the studies were conducted in countries other than the USA and that they were all published recently, after 2007. The results show that organizations have mostly applied organizational development interventions at the individual level for developing talented employees, followed by formal training and development. Additionally, managerial issues were identified as the most common issue on the way of implementing TD interventions. Research limitations/implications: Trying to define TD as a discrete concept from HRD could be considered as both differentiating the current literature review and a limitation. Originality/value: This article is among the first to identify TD interventions through a systematic literature review and provides a model of TD's intervention antecedents and outcomes for the follow-up empirical works.

Purpose: As technology-mediated communication improves, many organizations increasingly use new types of collaborative online tools to promote team-based learning and performance. The purpose of this study is to explore how virtual team leaders cope with process challenges in developing a context for team creativity. Design/methodology/approach: The authors interviewed nine leaders who have worked for more than five years and managed virtual teams in different fields. Findings: This research uncovered distrust, personality differences, generational differences in views, scheduling issues and technology difficulties as the top five inhibitors for virtual team creativity and success. The authors identified seven main strategies for developing virtual team creativity and success. The authors found that building "team norms" and guidelines to encourage positive interactions between team members can facilitate team creativity. In addition, a concept of trust-based open communication was identified as one of the important strategies when teams actively use technology-mediated communication tools. Practical implications: Organizational practitioners can use the results of this study when developing knowledge to establish assessments regarding which employees possess the appropriate characteristics to lead virtual teams and implement virtual team training. Originality/value: This study emphasizes the importance of technology in professional lives by showing how technology-mediated work leads to success in learning and producing creative ideas and performance in a virtual team environment.

Studied five factors that can affect the equating of scores from two tests onto a common score scale through the simulation and equating of 4,860 item data sets. Findings indicate three statistically significant two-way interactions for common item length and test length, item difficulty standard deviation and item distribution type, and item difficulty standard deviation and test length. (SLD)

The ten principles to create a collaborative organization, which is a long term process is discussed. It gives the importance of the principles, its suitability and unsuitability in a very organized manner.