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3. Spatial patterns of large African cats : a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

Author

Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., Beukes, Maya, Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., and Beukes, Maya

Abstract

Spatial patterns of and competition for resources by territorial carnivores are typically explained by two hypotheses: 1) the territorial defence hypothesis and 2) the searching efficiency hypothesis. According to the territorial defence hypothesis, when food resources are abundant, carnivore densities will be high and home ranges small. In addition, carnivores can maximise their necessary energy intake with minimal territorial defence. At medium resource levels, larger ranges will be needed, and it will become more economically beneficial to defend resources against a lower density of competitors. At low resource levels, carnivore densities will be low and home ranges large, but resources will be too scarce to make it beneficial to defend such large territories. Thus, home range overlap will be minimal at intermediate carnivore densities. According to the searching efficiency hypothesis, there is a cost to knowing a home range. Larger areas are harder to learn and easier to forget, so carnivores constantly need to keep their cognitive map updated by regularly revisiting parts of their home ranges. Consequently, when resources are scarce, carnivores require larger home ranges to acquire sufficient food. These larger home ranges lead to more overlap among individuals' ranges, so that overlap in home ranges is largest when food availability is the lowest. Since conspecific density is low when food availability is low, this hypothesis predicts that overlap is largest when densities are the lowest. We measured home range overlap and used a novel method to compare intraspecific home range overlaps for lions Panthera leo (n = 149) and leopards Panthera pardus (n = 111) in Africa. We estimated home range sizes from telemetry location data and gathered carnivore density data from the literature. Our results did not support the territorial defence hypothesis for either species. Lion prides increased their home range overlap at conspecific lower densities whereas leopards did

Published
2023

4. Habitat destruction threatens jaguars in a mixed land-use region of eastern Bolivia.

Author

Meißner, René, Blumer, Moritz, Weiß, Merlin, Beukes, Maya, Aramayo Ledezma, Gabriel, Condori Callisaya, Yannet, Aramayo Bejarano, José Luis, and Jansen, Martin

Subjects
JAGUAR, HABITAT destruction, ANIMAL population density, DEMOGRAPHIC change, TROPICAL dry forests, DEFORESTATION, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
Abstract

Large carnivores such as the jaguar Panthera onca are particularly susceptible to population decline and local extinction as a result of habitat loss. Here we report on the long-term monitoring of a local jaguar population in a mixed land-use area in the eastern lowlands of Bolivia from March 2017 to December 2019. We recorded 15 jaguar individuals and four reproduction events (five offspring from three females), suggesting that our study area harbours a resident breeding population. Seven iterations of spatially explicit capture–recapture models provided density estimates of 1.32–3.57 jaguars per 100 km2. Jaguar capture rates were highest in forested areas, with few to no jaguar captures in pastures used for livestock. Massive deforestation after the survey period reduced the proportion of dense forest cover by 33%, shrinking the availability of suitable jaguar habitat and placing the resident jaguar population at risk. We use the jaguar as an indicator species to highlight the threat of habitat destruction in the Chiquitano region and we emphasize the importance of intact forest patches for jaguar conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Spatial patterns of large African cats: a large‐scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

Author

Nams, Vilis O., primary, Parker, Dan M., additional, Weise, Florian J., additional, Patterson, Bruce D., additional, Buij, Ralph, additional, Radloff, Frans G. T., additional, Vanak, Abi Tamim, additional, Tumenta, Pricelia N., additional, Hayward, Matt W., additional, Swanepoel, Lourens H., additional, Funston, Paul J., additional, Bauer, Hans, additional, Power, R. John, additional, O'Brien, John, additional, O'Brien, Timothy G., additional, Tambling, Craig J., additional, de Iongh, Hans H., additional, Ferreira, Sam M., additional, Owen‐Smith, Norman, additional, Cain, James W., additional, Fattebert, Julien, additional, Croes, Barbara M., additional, Spong, Goran, additional, Loveridge, Andrew J., additional, Houser, Ann Marie, additional, Golabek, Krystyna A., additional, Begg, Colleen M., additional, Grant, Tanith, additional, Trethowan, Paul, additional, Musyoki, Charles, additional, Menges, Vera, additional, Creel, Scott, additional, Balme, Guy A., additional, Pitman, Ross T., additional, Bissett, Charlene, additional, Jenny, David, additional, Schuette, Paul, additional, Wilmers, Christopher C., additional, Hunter, Luke T. B., additional, Kinnaird, Margaret F., additional, Begg, Keith S., additional, Owen, Cailey R., additional, Steyn, Villiers, additional, Bockmuehl, Dirk, additional, Munro, Stuart J., additional, Mann, Gareth K. H., additional, du Preez, Byron D., additional, Marker, Laurie L., additional, Huqa, Tuqa J., additional, Cozzi, Gabriele, additional, Frank, Laurence G., additional, Nyoni, Phumuzile, additional, Stein, Andrew B., additional, Kasiki, Samuel M., additional, Macdonald, David W., additional, Martins, Quinton E., additional, van Vuuren, Rudie J., additional, Stratford, Ken J., additional, Bidner, Laura R., additional, Oriol‐Cotteril, Alayne, additional, Maputla, Nakedi W., additional, Maruping‐Mzileni, Nkabeng, additional, Parker, Tim, additional, van't Zelfde, Maarten, additional, Isbell, Lynne A., additional, Beukes, Otto B., additional, and Beukes, Maya, additional

Published
2023
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8. Count me in: Leopard population density in an area of mixed land‐use, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Author

Bouderka, Safia, Perry, Travis W., Parker, Daniel, Beukes, Maya, and Mgqatsa, Nokubonga

Subjects
LEOPARD, POPULATION density, WILDLIFE conservation, ANIMAL population density, CONVEX surfaces, WORLD Heritage Sites, EDGE effects (Ecology)
Abstract

Although the leopard ( I Panthera pardus i ) has the widest range of any felid in the world is designated as a vulnerable species, mainly because of human-induced conflict (Jacobson et al., [6]). From these data, we generated population density estimates of 0.74 leopards/100 km SP 2 sp for left-side photos and 1.4 leopards/100 km SP 2 sp for right-side, resulting in a mean estimate of 1.07 leopards/100 km SP 2 sp (Table 1). Count me in: Leopard population density in an area of mixed land-use, Eastern Cape, South Africa Even in areas like the Phinda-Mkhuze Complex in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which has shown consistently high leopard population densities averaging around 7 leopards/100 km SP 2 sp , leopards show much greater mortality rates near the borders of the protected area compared to the central areas (Balme et al., [2]). [Extracted from the article]

Published
2023
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11. Sedge diversity at Youngsfield Military Base.

Author

Gehrke, Berit, Tshiila, Aluwani, Muasya, Muthama, Beukes, Maya, and Barros, Fernanda

Abstract

The article features the Youngsfield Military Base Natural Open Space known as a biodiversity hotspot of rare and beautiful species of plants. Based on the Custodians of Rare and Endangered Wildflowers (CREW) reports, the spot harbours 310 indigenous plant species and retains the best sample of Cape Flats Sand Fynbos remaining in the Peninsula. It also reports the presence of annuals or therphytes, plant species that complete a life cycle of less than a year which include the Asteraceae species and Sedges.

Published
2011

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