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1. Precision measurements of the Planck and Avogadro constants

Author

Bettin, Horst, Fujii, Kenichi, Man, John, Mana, Giovanni, Massa, Enrico, and Picard, Alain

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract

Precision measurements of the fundamental constants are tour de force of basic metrology, where the useful information is usually beyond the last digit of the measured value. They challenge theoretical models and measurement technologies and set a network of measurement equations on which a universal system of units can be built, which stems from the most basic concepts of physics. Because of their connection with the mass unit, the Avogadro and Planck constants are on the spotlight., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Annalen der Physiks

Published
2013
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10. EURAMET key comparison 1031 (EURAMET.M.D-K1.1)—solid density comparison

Author

Bettin, Horst, primary, Borys, Michael, additional, Firlus, Martin, additional, Buchner, Christian, additional, Zelenka, Zoltan, additional, Medina, Nieves, additional, Parlić-Risović, Tijana, additional, Bezjak, Mladen, additional, Mitsas, Chris, additional, Lefkopoulos, Alexandros, additional, Lenard, Elżbieta, additional, Popa, George Florian, additional, Malengo, Andrea, additional, Madec, Tanguy, additional, Beaudoux, Florian, additional, Fuchs, Peter, additional, Marti, Kilian, additional, Wüthrich, Christian, additional, Kajastie, Heikki, additional, Eltawil, Alaaeldin A, additional, Fujii, Ken-ichi, additional, Kuramoto, Naoki, additional, Waseda, Atsushi, additional, Perkin, Michael, additional, Davidson, Stuart, additional, Açadağ, Ümit Y, additional, and Domostroev, Aleksey, additional

Published
2020
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13. Experimentos para el nuevo SI, el Sistema Internacional de Unidades, Segunda edición 04 / 2019

Author

Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan

Subjects
Redefinición de las unidades de medida, Enfriamiento laser, Constante de Boltzmann, Interferometría, Unidad de medida básica segundo, Intensidad de corriente eléctrica, Termometría, Carga elemental, Unidad básica de medida mol, Constante de Avogadro, Patrón de frecuencia, Esfera de silicio, Patrones cuánticos, Balanza de Watt, Intensidad de luz, Transición del reloj, Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI), Proyecto Avogadro, Constantes naturales, Velocidad de la luz, Unidades básicas de medida, Cantidad de sustancia, Tiempo, Unidad básica de medida candela, Efecto Josephson, Reloj atómico óptico, Reloj atómico de cesio, Constante de Planck, Temperatura, Unidad básica de medida metro, Reloj atómico, Bomba de electrones individuales, Efecto Hall cuántico, Longitud, Unidad básica de medida ampere, Termometría de gases usando las constantes dieléctricas, Unidad básica de medida Kelvin, Equivalente de radiación fotométrica, Convención del Metro, Masa, Unidad básica de medida kilogramo
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. 126. año, número 2, Segunda edición, enero 2019

Published
2019
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14. The molar volume of silicon

Author

De Bievre, Paul, Valkiers, Staf, Gonfiantini, Roberto, Taylor, Philip D.P., Bettin, Horst, Spieweck, Frank, Peuto, Anna, Pettorruso, Savino, Mosca, Mario, Fujii, Ken-ichi, Tanaka, Mitsuru, Nezu, Yoshiaki, Leistner, Achim J., and Giardini, Walter J.

Subjects
Silicon crystals -- Research, Crystal lattices -- Research
Published
1997

15. International intercomparison of silicon density standards

Author

Bettin, Horst, Glaser, Michael, Spieweck, Frank, Toth, Hans, Sacconi, Attilio, Peuto, Anna, Fujii, Ken-ichi, Tanaka, Mitsuru, and Nezu, Yoshiaki

Subjects
Silicon -- Research, Interferometry -- Research, Flotation -- Research
Published
1997

16. A new determination of N(sub A)

Author

Basile, Giuseppe, Becker, Peter, Bergamin, Angelo, Bettin, Horst, Cavagnero, Giovanni, De Bievre, Paul, Kutgens, Ulrich, Mana, Giovanni, Mosca, Mario, Pajot, Bernard, Panciera, Renzo, Pasin, Walter, Pettorrusso, Savino, Peuto, Anna, Sacconi, Attilio, Stumpel, Jurgen, Valkiers, Staf, Vittone, Ettore, and Zosi, Gianfranco

Subjects
Constants, Physical -- Measurement, Interferometry -- Usage
Published
1995

18. Experiments for the New SI, 2nd Edition 07 / 2018

Author

Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan

Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. Volume 126 (2016), No. 2. ISSN 0030-834X

Published
2018
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19. Experimente für das neue Internationale Einheitensystem (SI), 2. Auflage 07 / 2018

Author

Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan

Subjects
Lichtgeschwindigkeit, Neudefinitionen der Einheiten, Zeit, Basiseinheit Candela, Stoffmenge, Temperatur, Quanten-Hall-Effekt, elektrische Stromstärke, Elementarladung, Atomuhr, Länge, Frequenznormal, Boltzmann-Konstante, Internationales Einheitensystem (SI), Dielektrizitätskonstanten-Gasthermometrie, Quantennormale, Basiseinheit Mol, Basiseinheit Kelvin, Siliziumkristallkugel, Avogadro-Konstante, Lichtstärke, Basiseinheit Meter, Basiseinheit Kilogramm, Optische Atomuhr, Wattwaage, Einzelelektronenpumpe (SET), Basiseinheit Ampere, Basiseinheit Sekunde, Thermometrie, Meterkonvention, Laserkühlung, Masse, Avogadro-Projekt, photometrisches Strahlungsäquivalent, Caesiumatomuhr, Basiseinheiten, Planck-Konstante, Josephson-Effekt, Uhrenübergang, Interferometrie, Naturkonstanten
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X

Published
2018
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20. Amount of substance and the mole in the SI

Author

Güttler, Bernd, primary, Bettin, Horst, additional, Brown, Richard J C, additional, Davis, Richard S, additional, Mester, Zoltan, additional, Milton, Martin J T, additional, Pramann, Axel, additional, Rienitz, Olaf, additional, Vocke, Robert D, additional, and Wielgosz, Robert I, additional

Published
2019
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21. Edición Especial Experimentos para el nuevo SI, el Sistema Internacional de Unidades

Author

Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan

Subjects
Redefinición de las unidades de medida, Enfriamiento laser, Constante de Boltzmann, Interferometría, Unidad de medida básica segundo, Intensidad de corriente eléctrica, Termometría, Carga elemental, Unidad básica de medida mol, Constante de Avogadro, Patrón de frecuencia, Esfera de silicio, Patrones cuánticos, Balanza de Watt, Intensidad de luz, Transición del reloj, Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI), Proyecto Avogadro, Constantes naturales, Velocidad de la luz, Unidades básicas de medida, Cantidad de sustancia, Tiempo, Unidad básica de medida candela, Efecto Josephson, Reloj atómico óptico, Reloj atómico de cesio, Constante de Planck, Temperatura, Unidad básica de medida metro, Reloj atómico, Bomba de electrones individuales, Efecto Hall cuántico, Longitud, Unidad básica de medida ampere, Termometría de gases usando las constantes dieléctricas, Unidad básica de medida Kelvin, Equivalente de radiación fotométrica, Convención del Metro, Masa, Unidad básica de medida kilogramo
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. 126. año, número 2, junio 2016

Published
2017
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27. Experimente für das neue Internationale Einheitensystem (SI)

Author

Scharf, Rainer, Middelmann, Thomas, Bauch, Andreas, Weyers, Stefan, Peik, Ekkehard, Schödel, René, Scherer, Hansjörg, Siegner, Uwe, Becker, Peter, Bettin, Horst, Gläser, Michael, Fischer, Joachim, Fellmuth, Bernd, Gaiser, Christof, Sperling, Armin, and Kück, Stefan

Subjects
Lichtgeschwindigkeit, Neudefinitionen der Einheiten, Zeit, Basiseinheit Candela, Stoffmenge, Temperatur, Quanten-Hall-Effekt, elektrische Stromstärke, Elementarladung, Atomuhr, Länge, Frequenznormal, Boltzmann-Konstante, Internationales Einheitensystem (SI), Dielektrizitätskonstanten-Gasthermometrie, Quantennormale, Basiseinheit Mol, Basiseinheit Kelvin, Siliziumkristallkugel, Avogadro-Konstante, Lichtstärke, Basiseinheit Meter, Basiseinheit Kilogramm, Optische Atomuhr, Wattwaage, Einzelelektronenpumpe (SET), Basiseinheit Ampere, Basiseinheit Sekunde, Thermometrie, Meterkonvention, Laserkühlung, Masse, Avogadro-Projekt, photometrisches Strahlungsäquivalent, Caesiumatomuhr, Basiseinheiten, Planck-Konstante, Josephson-Effekt, Uhrenübergang, Interferometrie, Naturkonstanten
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X

Published
2016
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28. Atome zählen für Masse und Stoffmenge

Author

Becker, Peter and Bettin, Horst

Subjects
Masse, Avogadro-Projekt, Internationales Einheitensystem (SI), Stoffmenge, Basiseinheit Mol, Planck-Konstante, Siliziumkristallkugel, Avogadro-Konstante, Basiseinheit Kilogramm
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 126 (2016), Heft 2. ISSN 0030-834X

Published
2016
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29. European Metrology Research Program : Advances on the Realization of the kilogram Redefinition

Author

Arnold, T., Baumann, Henri, Bettin, Horst, Bielsa, Franck, Eichenberger, Ali, Kuramoto, N., Mana, G., Massa, E., Merlet, Sébastien, Pereira dos Santos, Franck, Picard, Alain, Pinot, Patrick, Piquemal, François, Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM), Swiss Federal Office of Metrology (METAS), Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt [Berlin] (PTB), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais–Système de Références Temps-Espace [Paris], Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interférométrie Atomique et Capteurs Inertiels, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Laboratoire commun de métrologie LNE-CNAM (LCM), Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais [Trappes] (LNE )-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), and Henry, Florence

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2014

30. Realization of the kilogram by the XRCD method

Author

Fujii, Kenichi, primary, Bettin, Horst, additional, Becker, Peter, additional, Massa, Enrico, additional, Rienitz, Olaf, additional, Pramann, Axel, additional, Nicolaus, Arnold, additional, Kuramoto, Naoki, additional, Busch, Ingo, additional, and Borys, Michael, additional

Published
2016
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33. Masse und abgeleitete mechanische Größen, Teil 1

Author

Schwartz, Roman, Gläser, Michael, Borys, Michael, Scholz, Frank, Firlus, Martin, Bettin, Horst, Nicolaus, Arnold R., Zervos, Panagiotis, Mack, Oliver, and Schulz, Karsten

Subjects
Kilogramm-Definition, Masseskala, Dichte, Archimedisches Prinzip, Ur-Kilogramm, Siliciumkugel
Abstract

PTB-Mitteilungen. Band 118 (2008), Heft 2, Seite 63 - 95. ISSN 0030-834X

Published
2008
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35. EUROMET Mass & Related Quantities TC Meeting EIM Greece•

Author

Nielsen, Lars, Mitsas, Chris, Sabuga, Wladimir, Jacobson, Ulf, C. Ferrero, Kumme, Rolf, Richard, Philippe, Bettin, Horst, Peschel Diedert, Wolf, Henning, A. Germak, Legras, Jean Claude, Gosset, André, Averlant, Philippe, Knott, Andy, R. Kumme, A. Pusa, Vincke, William, J. A. Robles Carbonell (CEM, and W. Bich (INRIM

Published
2004
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38. Current State of Avogadro ${}^{28}$Si sphere S8

Author

Nicolaus, R. Arnold, primary, Bartl, Guido, additional, Bettin, Horst, additional, Borys, Michael, additional, Firlus, Martin, additional, Busch, Ingo, additional, Felgner, Andre, additional, Kruger-Sehm, Rolf, additional, Krumrey, Michael, additional, Krystek, Michael, additional, and Kuetgens, Ulrich, additional

Published
2013
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40. A New Determination of NA

Author

Basile, Giuseppe, Becker, Peter, Bergamin, Angelo, Bettin, Horst, Cavagnero, Giovanni, De Bièvre, Paul, Kütgens, Ulrich, Mana, Giovanni, Mosca, Mario, Pajot, Bernard, Panciera, Renzo, Pasin, Walter, Pettorruso, Savino, Peuto, Anna, Sacconi, Attilio, Stümpel, Jürgen, Valkiers, Staf, Vittone, Ettore, and Zosi, Gianfranco

Subjects
x-ray interferometry, Avogadro constant, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation
Published
1995

43. Final report on the intercomparison EUROMET.M.D-K1 of volume standards by hydrostatic weighing (EUROMET project 339)

Author

Richard, Philippe, primary, Ulrich, Jean-Georges, additional, Lau, Peter, additional, Bettin, Horst, additional, Steindl, Dietmar, additional, Peuto, Anna, additional, Armitage, David, additional, Downes, Stephen, additional, Bairy, Gerard, additional, Matilla, Carmen, additional, Gosset, André, additional, Blichfeld, Henrik, additional, Fillinger, Lásló, additional, Akcadag, Umit, additional, and Çiftçi, Vahit, additional

Published
2007
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48. Current State of Avogadro ^28Si sphere S8.

Author

Nicolaus, R. Arnold, Bartl, Guido, Bettin, Horst, Borys, Michael, Firlus, Martin, Busch, Ingo, Felgner, Andre, Kruger-Sehm, Rolf, Krumrey, Michael, Krystek, Michael, and Kuetgens, Ulrich

Subjects
AVOGADRO constant, LATTICE constants, CRYSTALS, SPHERES, UNCERTAINTY
Abstract

In 2011, the first determination of the Avogadro constant with ^28Si material was published with an overall relative uncertainty of 3 \times 10^-8. The results were based on measurements of a very pure single crystal of highly enriched silicon-28. Where the result of crystal properties, molar mass, and lattice constant could be performed with satisfying uncertainty, the measurements on the spheres made of the same crystal were overshadowed by an unexpected effect; the surface of both silicon spheres were contaminated by small amounts of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni). Although the contaminations were quantitatively measured and their impact into the different quantities was taken into account, the Avogadro group was worried about its negative influence. With the knowledge of various etching procedures and after due consideration, a special chemomechanical technique was applied to remove the metallic contaminations. Herein, we describe the decontamination process, the subsequent measurements, and their impact on the overall uncertainty of the Avogadro constant. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2013
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49. Flotation Measurements to Reveal the Reason for the Discrepancy in the Molar Volume of Silicon.

Author

Bettin, Horst and Toth, Hans

Subjects
*CRYSTALS, *DENSITY, *FLOTATION, *SEPARATION (Technology), *CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Abstract

Presents a study that compared the densities of crystals grown under different conditions using a flotation method to reveal the reason for the discrepancy of relatively 3-10[sup-6]. Information on the flotation apparatus of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt; Surface effects; Measurements and results; Conclusion.

Published
2003
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50. The Planck Constant for the Definition and Realization of the Kilogram.

Author

Wood, Barry and Bettin, Horst

Subjects
*PLANCK'S constant, *METRIC system, *DEFINITIONS
Abstract

On May 20, 2019 the values of the Planck, h, and Avogadro, NA, constants will be fixed, revising our measurement system, the International System of Units (SI), and providing a new way to get mass traceability. While the famous energy relations mc2 and hf may remind many that the Planck constant is indeed related to mass, it is less recognized how this is also true for the Avogadro constant. These concepts are reviewed in the context of the upcoming revision of the SI. How the fixed values were chosen and how mass traceability will be maintained with the smallest uncertainty are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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