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This study determined the relationships of functional, interactive and critical adolescent health literacy with sociodemographic characteristics, social media exposure (SME), and perceived health status (PHS). A total of 314 high school students from Grades 7 to 10 completed a self-administered questionnaire. Findings revealed that functional health literacy is influenced by age (p-value = 0.058) and parents' educational attainment (FEA: p-value = 0.059; MEA: p-value = 0.033); interactive health literacy was only significantly associated with SME (p-value = 0.004); and critical health literacy was significantly correlated with father's educational attainment (p-value = 0.062), SME (p-value = 0.08), and PHS (p-value = 0.019). For the logistic regression model of functional health literacy, only age was a distinct variable, and for interactive health literacy, it was SME. Other variables such as parenting styles, socioeconomic class, and school and peer influences are encouraged for future research for a deeper understanding of adolescent health literacy.

To compare time and risk to biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical prostatectomy of two chronologically different groups of patients using the standard and the modified Gleason system (MGS). Cohort 1 comprised biopsies of 197 patients graded according to the standard Gleason system (SGS) in the period 1997/2004, and cohort 2, 176 biopsies graded according to the modified system in the period 2005/2011. Time to BR was analyzed with the Kaplan–Meier product-limit analysis and prediction of shorter time to recurrence using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Patients in cohort 2 reflected time-related changes: striking increase in clinical stage T1c, systematic use of extended biopsies, and lower percentage of total length of cancer in millimeter in all cores. The MGS used in cohort 2 showed fewer biopsies with Gleason score ≤6 and more biopsies of the intermediate Gleason score 7. Time to BR using the Kaplan–Meier curves showed statistical significance using the MGS in cohort 2, but not the SGS in cohort 1. Only the MGS predicted shorter time to BR on univariate analysis and on multivariate analysis was an independent predictor. The results favor that the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology modified system is a refinement of the Gleason grading and valuable for contemporary clinical practice.

Numerous studies have shown that the swimming performance parameters of fish may be useful indicators of their environmental stress. The swimming speed was evaluated in two Pampean species and its alteration as a result of their exposure to sublethal Cadmium concentrations. The swimming speed was calculated from a daily registry of the distance and the time of displacement of fish by means of special software. Juveniles specimens of Astyanax fasciatus and Australoheros facetum were used in the assays; fish were acclimated during 7 days in aereated fresh-water (FW), at constant temperature (20 ± 1ºC) and photoperiod (12D:12N). The experimental design contemplated three successive periods: Control (4 days in FW), Exposure (4 days in FW + 0.3 and 0.5 mg Cd L-1) and Recovery (7 days in FW); simultaneously the speed of individuals maintained in FW during 15 days (CoP) was determined. The swimming speed in both species increased in the Exposure period. After transfer to clean media (Recovery period), the altered values in A. facetum, exhibited a slight tendency to recovery (but without reaching the basal values registered in the Control period). In A. fasciatus a clear cut recovery response was registered in fish exposed to 0.3 mg. L-1 while in animals exposed to the highest concentration of Cd no recovery was registered. These differences were interpreted as evidences of dissimilar uptake and depuration rates of the toxic., Instituto de Limnología "Raúl A. Ringuelet"