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Purpose of Review The current systematic review and meta-analysis was done to evaluate the effects of selenium and probiotic co-supplementation on lipid profile and glycemia indices of the adult population using randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Recent Findings Five studies involving 282 participants with a sample size ranging from 38 to 79 were eligible to be enrolled in the current study. Co-supplementation with probiotic and selenium reduced fasting plasma glucose (WMD = −4.02 mg/dL; 95% CI: −5.87 to −2.18; P P P P P P = 0.029), and triglyceride (WMD = −14.38 mg/dL; 95% CI: −23.13 to −5.62; P = 0.001). Summary The findings of the current systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that co-supplementation with probiotics and selenium may benefit adults in terms of glycemia indices and lipid profile. However, due to the small number of included studies, further trials are needed to confirm our findings.

The hepatic matrisome is involved in the remodeling phase of liver regeneration. As the gut microbiota has been implicated in liver regeneration, we investigated its role in liver regeneration focusing on gene expression of the hepatic matrisome after partial hepatectomy (PHx) in germ-free (GF) mice, and in GF mice reconstituted with normal gut microbiota (XGF). Liver mass restoration, hepatocyte proliferation, and immune response were assessed following 70% PHx. Hepatic matrisome and collagen gene expression were also analyzed. Reduced liver weight/body weight ratio, mitotic count, and hepatocyte proliferative index at 72 h post PHx in GF mice were preceded by reduced expression of cytokine receptor genes Tnfrsf1a and Il6ra, and Hgf gene at 3 h post PHx. In XGF mice, these indices were significantly higher than in GF mice, and similar to that of control mice, indicating normal liver regeneration. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the matrisome were lower in GF compared to XGF mice at both 3 h and 72 h post PHx. GF mice also demonstrated lower collagen expression, with significantly lower expression of Col1a1, Col1a2, Col5a1, and Col6a2 compared to WT mice at 72 h post PHx. In conclusion, enhanced liver regeneration and matrisome expression in XGF mice suggests that interaction of the gut microbiota and matrisome may play a significant role in the regulation of hepatic remodeling during the regenerative process.

Titanium dioxide (TiO

What is the central question of this study? The liver regenerative process is complex and involves a sequence of signalling events, but the possible involvement of structural and haemodynamic changes in vivo during this process has never been explored. What is the main finding and its importance? Normal sinusoidal blood flow and velocity are crucial for a normal regenerative response, and delays in these haemodynamic events resulted in impaired liver regeneration in lipopolysaccharide-insensitive, C3H/HeJ mice. Toll-like receptor 4 signalling is required for restoration of normal liver architecture during the liver regenerative process. Liver regeneration is delayed in mice with a defective Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4; C3H/HeJ mice) but is normal in TLR4 knockouts (TLR4