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Debido a su alto potencial agrícola y nutritivo, el interés por la quinua se ha incrementado en los últimos años, convirtiéndola en alternativa de diversificación para la región andina. Sin embargo, se han detectado necesidades limitantes, así como buenas posibilidades de mejoramiento genético, aún escasamente exploradas. En la presente investigación, llevada a cabo en la vereda San Francisco del municipio de Iles, Nariño, se evaluaron 16 líneas de quinua dulce. Una parte de ellas fueron selecciones provenientes de los genotipos SL47, Piartal y Tunkahuan. El resto consistió en cuatro testigos comerciales (SL47, Piartal, Tunkahuan y Blanca de Jericó). El estudio fue conducido bajo un diseño de bloques al azar con cuatro repeticiones, a través del cual se evaluaron algunos componentes de rendimiento (altura de la planta, longitud de panoja, peso de 1.000 granos, y rendimiento), la reacción al mildeo velloso y las características fenológicas. Posteriormente todas las variables fueron sometidas a análisis de varianza, prueba de Tukey (5%) y evaluación del grado de asociación por medio del análisis de correlaciones de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron la precocidad del grupo SL47 (128,75 a 135 días a madurez fisiológica). Al comparar las líneas con sus testigos, se observa que el grupo Tunkahuan (S20, S39, S44) obtuvo ganancia genética en rendimiento (2.635,25 a 2.699,83 kg ha-1). El análisis de correlación mostró que hay asociación significativa entre las variables altura de la planta y longitud de panoja (0,739) por una parte, y por otra entre rendimiento y peso de 1.000 granos (0,647). SL47 testigo alcanzó el mayor índice de selección (0,960), mostrándose superior a las demás líneas.

La producción bananera, es uno de los sectores económicos más importante del Ecuador, debido al aporte que brinda en materia de tributos y plazas de empleo para miles de familias a lo largo de las provincias donde se produce la fruta; el objetivo de la investigación, centra su atención en analizar cómo ha impactado la crisis sanitaria del COVID – 19 en los costes de producción, debido a restricciones de movilización, cierre de algunas empresas proveedoras, entre otros factores que tienen relación directa con las actividades bananeras; su metodología es de carácter descriptiva al aplicar el instrumento de recolección de información de la encuesta y analítica al realizar un estudio de las cifras económicas que reposan en algunas entidades de control como el Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y similares; entre los principales resultados se destaca que si hubo un impacto negativo en el normal desarrollo de las operaciones, debido a que hubo producción que tuvo que ser vendida a menor precio para minimizar el impacto de no poder sacar la mercadería al exterior en determinados momentos; además, se concluye en la necesidad de que las autoridades tomen las medidas necesarias y pertinentes para solventar en el menor tiempo la economía local y nacional de todos los sectores estratégicos.

El objetivo de este reporte científico consistió en predecir las exportaciones de camarón del Ecuador para el año 2020 en base a la información histórica obtenida. Por medio de la aplicación del modelo Arima se realizó un análisis comparativo con los datos predichos frente a los datos registrados en la Cámara Nacional de Acuacultura, para determinar el impacto que ha tenido el Covid-19 en el sector camaronero. Como metodología se aplicó el método hipotético-deductivo porque se realizó la observación de las variables a través del tiempo, planteando la hipótesis de que, si el Covid-19 tuvo impacto en las exportaciones de camarón. Las variables observadas fueron libras exportadas, ingresos en dólares por libras exportadas y precio promedio por libra. Además, esta investigación tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con una investigación tipo exploratoria, explicativa e histórica porque el tema analizado es nuevo y poco tratado, pero existe información de las variables en el tiempo. Los resultados obtenidos mediante el método Arima demostraron que las exportaciones de camarón tienen tendencia creciente y al compararlos con los datos reales se verificó que la pandemia por el Covid-19 no generó un impacto significativo.

El suero de leche se ha constituido en el principal desecho de la industria láctea, a pesar de los constantes esfuerzos por aprovecharlo. El presente trabajo tuvo por objeto estudiar la obtención de ácido cítrico por fermentación sumergida con hongos del género Aspergillus, utilizando lactosuero en calidad de sustrato con miras a su aprovechamiento y a la reducción del impacto ambiental que causan los vertimientos de este subproducto en los cursos de agua. Se utilizaron las siguientes cepas: A. carbonarius NRRL 368, A. carbonarius NRRL 67 y A. niger NRRL 3. Fue seleccionado el mejor medio de adaptación para la propagación del inóculo. El diseño experimental planteado para evaluar la biosíntesis de ácido cítrico a partir de suero de leche modificado mediante diferentes tratamientos, dio como resultado que las dos cepas de A. carbonarius no presentaran diferencias significativas en la formación del ácido, mientras A. niger NRRL 3 alcanzó mayores concentraciones cuando se utilizó suero de leche desproteinizado, evaporado y con lactosa hidrolizada con f>-galactosidasa. A. carbonarius arrojó concentraciones promedio de ácido cítrico mayores que las encontradas para A. niger, lo que sugiere la necesidad de profundizar en su estudio como productor potencial. Se obtuvo la cinética de crecimiento celular, consumo de sustrato y formación del ácido en un biorreactor de tanque agitado con aireación de 3 L para el caso de A. niger, la cual fue simulada mediante modelos matemáticos no estructurados. Palabras clave: Aspergillus carbonarius, Aspergillus niger, biorreactor, simulación, p-galactosidasa.

Los conocimientos recientes sobre anoxia fetal asi como la gravedad que revisten toxemias, nos han conducido después de una cuidadosa revisión de las estadísticas de mortalidad fetal, a la aplicación de fórceps bajos en nuestro medio. Como causas de anoxia fetal en toxemias anotamos las siguientes: 1a. Causas vasculares.—Es por todos conocido el fenómeno de espasmo vascular generalizado y en especial en los vasos uterinos y placentarios que como consecuencia lógica el feto presenta lesiones anóxicas. Al fenómeno espasmódico vascular, se agrega "la insuficiencia placentaria”, posiblemente consecutiva al prematuro envejecimiento de las vellosidades coriales, que se presenta casi en un 80% de los casos. Junto con esta insuficiencia se encuentran los infartos descritos anteriormente y que son patognomónicos de las toxemias según anotamos en el trabajo sobre patología 2a. Causas locales.—En otros casos encontramos desprendí, mientes parciales de placenta que por muy pequeños que sean ensombrecen el pronóstico fetal, si tenemos en cuenta además la anemia de la madre tan común en casos de toxemia. 3a. Causas mecánicas.—La mayor mortalidad fetal durante el parto se presenta en el período expulsivo, cuando las contracciones uterinas se hacen casi continuas alterándose la circulación feto-placentaria y sumándose a este fenómeno anóxico el posible traumatismo que resulta de la compresión de la cabeza fetal sobre las estructuras perineales.

Latinx sexual minority men (LSMM) face multilevel barriers to accessing HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). To address these barriers, we designed and implemented community-based organization (CBO)-PrEP, a collaborative community-based telehealth PrEP program for LSMM. We designed this PrEP delivery program through a collaborative process involving staff from local CBOs and a primary care-based HIV prevention program. Staff met weekly over a 3-month period to establish protocols for referrals, obtaining insurance coverage, and navigation to appointments and laboratory testing. To assess feasibility, we extracted electronic medical record data including demographics and clinical outcomes of PrEP care. Between December 2020 and May 2023, 102 individuals were referred to CBO-PrEP of which 85 had Hispanic/Latino as their ethnicity in their medical records; out of 102 individuals, 72 (70.6%) were scheduled for an initial appointment. Out of 72 individuals scheduled for an appointment, 58 (80.6%) were seen by a health care provider a median of 7.5 days after referral [interquartile range (IQR), 2-19]; 48 (82.6%) of initial appointments were through telemedicine, 10 (17.2%) were seen in person. Of the 48 patients who had a telehealth appointment, 36 (75%) underwent initial laboratory testing and 42 (87.5) were prescribed PrEP; all 10 patients who were seen in person underwent laboratory testing and were prescribed PrEP. PrEP prescriptions were received in a median of 17.5 days (IQR 4.5-33.5) after referral. CBO-PrEP successfully engaged LSMM, a population that is often hard to reach. Expanding collaborative approaches with CBOs could have a significant impact on improving PrEP uptake for LSMM and other priority populations.

The poor response, adverse effects and drug resistance to treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have led to searching for safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. We previously demonstrated that the alcoholic extract of Petiveria alliacea (Esperanza) has a significant in vitro antitumor effect on other tumor cells and also the ability to regulate energy metabolism. We evaluated the effect of the Esperanza extract in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of AML with DA-3/ER-GM cells. First, a chemical characterization of the extract was conducted through liquid and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. In vitro findings showed that the extract modulates tumor metabolism by decreasing glucose uptake and increasing reactive oxygen species, which leads to a reduction in cell proliferation. Then, to evaluate the effect of the extract in vivo, we standardized the mouse model by injecting DA-3/ER-GM cells intravenously. The animals treated with the extract showed a lower percentage of circulating blasts, higher values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets, less infiltration of blasts in the spleen, and greater production of cytokines compared to the control group. These results suggest that the antitumor activity of this extract on DA-3/ER-GM cells can be attributed to the decrease in glycolytic metabolism, its activity as a mitocan, and the possible immunomodulatory effect by reducing tumor proliferation and metastasis.

Background: Photovoice is a form of visual ethnography intended to engage impacted communities in research followed by action to ameliorate the injustices under study. Photovoice has increased in use, especially in collaboration with Latinx communities addressing health inequities. The Latinx population comprises nearly 18% of the overall United States population and according to the census is projected to reach just under 30% by 2060. This diverse panethnic community faces significant structural barriers in accessing services. Racism and the resulting marginalization, specifically, contributes to limited access to recovery services and treatment. Making meaningful advances in substance use disorder training, intervention and policy necessitates learning alongside the Latinx community., Methods: We partnered with a Latinx serving integrated behavioral health and primary care setting in Boston Massachusetts to explore barriers and facilitators to recovery using photovoice. Spanish-speaking Latinx adults with a substance use disorder participated. The group met for three photovoice sessions over a six-week period. Together group members critically analyzed photographs using the SHOWeD method., Results: Findings indicate a sense of purpose and meaning, security, faith and housing are important elements of recovery. The results illustrated the importance of sources of connection in maintaining sobriety. Through this photovoice project, Latinx Spanish speaking participants highlighted barriers and facilitators to their substance use disorder recovery which spanned individual, community, and structural levels., Conclusions: The experiences and voices of the Latinx community are crucial to drive discussions that advance policy (e.g., housing stability and access), enhance providers' understanding of Latinx Spanish-speakers' substance use disorder recovery, and inform culturally and linguistically appropriate services. This study demonstrated that photovoice is highly acceptable and feasible among Latinx clients receiving substance use disorder services. Visual images related to housing, faith, etc. communicate challenges, power structures, as well as hopes to policymakers at multiple levels (e.g., institution/ agency, state)., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Aminoglycoside-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a pathology closely linked to oxidative and inflammatory reactions. Taking into account the previous reported antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of D-005, a lipid extract obtained from Cuban palm Acrocomia crispa (Arecaceae) fruits, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of D-005 on kanamycin-induced AKI., Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups: negative control (vehicle, Tween 65/H2O) and six groups treated with kanamycin to induce AKI: positive control (vehicle), D-005 (25, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and grape seed extract (GSE, 200 mg/kg). D-005, vehicle, and GSE oral treatments were administered once daily for seven days, 1 h before kanamycin (500 mg/kg, i.p.). Serum uric acid and urea concentrations, renal histopathology, and oxidative markers (malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, and catalase (CAT) activity) were assessed., Results: D-005 significantly reduced uric acid and urea levels, starting from D-005 100 mg/kg. Histopathologically, D-005, at all the tested doses, protected renal parenchyma structures (glomeruli, proximal tubules, and interstitium). These findings were accompanied by a significant reduction of MDA and SH group concentrations as well as restoration of CAT activity. The highest percentages of inhibition were obtained with the dose of 400 mg/kg. GSE, the reference substance, also prevented kanamycin-induced biochemical and histopathological changes, as well as reduced MDA and SH groups and restored CAT activity., Conclusion: The administration of repeated oral doses of D-005 significantly protected against kanamycin-induced AKI, which could be associated with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of this extract.

Objetivo: Investigar de manera retrospectiva a 5 años el porcentaje de mortalidad en los pacientes operados de amputación mayor por pie diabético e identificar los factores de riesgo asociados que aumentan la mortalidad en la población mexicana., Método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a amputación mayor por pie diabético del 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2009 en un hospital de segundo nivel., Resultados: Se incluyeron en el protocolo de estudio 37 pacientes que cumplían los criterios de inclusión, y se encontró que 10 (27.03%) continuaban con vida y 27 (72.97%) habían fallecido. Los pacientes a quienes se realizó una amputación y tenían tres o más enfermedades concomitantes mostraron un riesgo 1.6 veces más alto de morir (p = 0.018). Cuanto mayor era la glucemia previa al momento de la amputación, mayor fue la probabilidad de muerte a 5 años (p = 0.015)., Conclusiones: En México hacen falta estudios con seguimiento prospectivo, de carácter multicéntrico, con una muestra heterogénea, que permitan tener un panorama nacional., Objective: To investigate retrospectively at 5 years the mortality rate in postoperative patients of major amputation secondary to diabetic foot and to identify the associated risk factors that increase mortality in the Mexican population., Method: Retrospective study that included patients who underwent major amputation secondary to diabetic foot from January 1 to December 31, 2009 in a second-level hospital., Results: 37 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study protocol, finding that 10 patients (27.03%) were still alive and 27 patients (72.97%) had died. Observing In patients who undergo an amputation and have three or more comorbidities, they have a 1.6 times higher risk of dying (p = 0.018) and that the higher the glycemia prior to the amputation, the greater the probability of dying at 5 years (p = 0.015)., Conclusions: Studies are needed in Mexico with prospective follow-up, multicenter in nature, with a heterogeneous sample, which allows us to have a National panorama., (Copyright: © 2021 Permanyer.)

Objective: To review the clinical characteristics and complications associated with cholelithiasis in pediatric patients by identifying risk factors and assessing surgical management and results., Methods: Retrospective study in patients under 18 years of age undergoing cholelithiasis surgery. The following data were analyzed: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), associated comorbidities, clinical presentation, symptom duration, surgical treatment, pathological report, postoperative complications, and hospital stay., Results: 135 cholelithiasis patients underwent surgery from 2013 to 2018, with an increasing trend in the annual number of cholecystectomies. Most patients were adolescents (86.7%) and female (72.6%), and they had cholesterol gallstones (86.6%) and >85 BMI (33%). Mean symptom duration was 85 days (SD: 148). Symptomatic cholelithiasis was present in 131 cases (97%). CL associated complications were recorded in 64.4% of patients, with cholecystitis, pancreatitis, and choledocholithiasis being the most frequent ones. All patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 4 (2.9%) required conversion to open surgery, and 6 (4.4%) had postoperative complications. Mean hospital stay and postoperative follow-up were 5.7 days (SD: 4) and 2.3 months (SD: 1.9), respectively., Conclusions: Non-hemolytic cholelithiasis in the pediatric population is more frequent in female overweight and obese adolescents. Symptomatic cholelithiasis is associated with higher risk of complications such as cholecystitis, pancreatitis, or choledocholithiasis, which supports early surgical management.

Objective: Review of the diagnosis and management of ovarian masses in children, through the identification of preoperative risk factors of malignancy, the evaluation of surgical management and its results., Methods: Retrospective study in pediatric patients under 18 years old, managed surgically by ovarian masses. Analyzed data were symptoms, imagining, tumor markers, treatment, outcomes and pathology. The primary endpoint was ovarian malignancy., Results: We identified 54 patients with ovarian masses between 2014 and 2017, of which 49 were benign and 5 malignant; The malignant ovarian masses were significantly larger than the benign, with an average of 19.4 cm vs 6.49 cm (p = 0.0001); had greater solid component in the imaging and positive tumor markers (p = 0.001) and were treated with oophorectomy plus tumor staging surgery. Forty-three patients with benign tumors underwent ovarian preservation surgery. The postoperative follow-up of all the patients was on average 3.4 months (1-25 months) and 20.3% presented pelvic pain associated with alterations of the menstrual cycle in their postoperative control. There are no reports of recurrence or contralateral ovarian tumor., Conclusions: Large masses with solid components and positive tumor markers were significant predictors of malignancy. Minimally invasive ovarian preserving surgery should be considered as the first treatment option in masses with low risk of malignancy. On the other hand, oophorectomy plus tumor staging surgery should be considered for ovarian tumors with a high risk of malignancy.

The Internet is a common tool for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) to find sexual partners and sexual health information. Given persistently high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection rates among MSM, it is important to examine the role of online outreach for MSM as part of HIV prevention and care. We provide an overview of the unique perspectives of online sexual health outreach, delivered through AIDS Service Organizations (ASOs) through sociosexual Internet sites and mobile applications. Data were drawn from the qualitative arm of the community-based Cruising Counts study conducted across Ontario from December 2013 to January 2014. ASO online outreach providers and managers (n = 22) were recruited to complete a 1-h in-person/telephone interview to explore in-depth their experiences with, and perspectives on, delivering online outreach services for MSM in Ontario. Thematic analyses were conducted inductively using NVivo 10. Service providers suggested a high demand for online outreach services for MSM. Strengths and advantages of online outreach over face-to-face outreach included anonymity, instant access to services, peer model, and accessing hard-to-reach populations of MSM. Barriers included consistent quality of service, collaborations between companies that own online technologies and outreach service agencies, budgetary and staff capacity issues, and uncertainty of best practices and evaluation parameters for online outreach. Findings from these interviews can inform service providers, policy makers, and researchers on how online sexual health outreach can play a greater role in HIV prevention by better acknowledging and addressing the opportunities and barriers experienced by service providers working with MSM communities online.