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The genus Tilia (Tiliaceae) represents 45 species, of which six species are European. Tilia sp. are simple, cordate or deciduous trees with long, silicate shaped, 5-valve fruits and fragrant flowers. It is used as a medicinal tea in traditional medicine for colds, coughs, and hypertension and as an antioxidant. Within the scope of this research, Tilia platyphyllos Scop. in the culture form from Eskişehir was obtained, and infusions were prepared at different times (including 5 min., 10 min., 15 min., and 30 min., respectively). Headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to examine the volatile components in the infusion extracts. Major volatile compounds of infusion extracts determined as E)-β-ocimene (15.7-45.9%) and limonene (11.7-33.4%), respectively. Also, terpinolene (26.0%) were identified as the main compounds for 30 min infusion. After then, the infusion extracts were lyophilized, and the antioxidant activity of the infusion extracts were performed by DPPH· radical scavenging effect. It was determined that inhibition percentages were relatively high in the concentration range of 10-0.02 mg/mL (5.60-72.45%). Our first research was the chemical composition and biological activity of the time-dependent T. platyphyllos infusions.

Glaucosciadium cordifolium (Boiss.) Burtt. & Davis, which is a monotypic species naturally grown in Turkey belonging to the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. In this study, the essential oil obtained from G. cordifolium was analyzed and evaluated for its antimicrobial effects. In chemical studies, the analyzes of essential oil compounds obtained from the aerial parts of plants by hydrodistillation were carried out with GC-FID and GC-MS. In total, 23 compounds were identified making up 98.7% of the total volatile constituents. Sabinene (42.1%), α-pinene (17.1%), and α-phellandrene (10.1%) were found as the main constituents in the oil. In antimicrobial studies, the anticandidal and antibacterial effects of essential oils were tested against 14 pathogenic microorganisms according to the standard protocols of the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). It has been determined that essential oils have a very weak inhibitory effect when compared with standard antibacterial agents. MIC values of 1800, 3600 µg/Ml, and higher were determined. In addition, it was determined that it showed inhibitory effects, especially against C. krusei at a concentration of 250 µg/mL, with MIC values ranging from 250 to 2000 µg/mL.

This study was carried out to determine the content of the essential oils of Salvia absconditiflora Greuter & Burdet populations which are naturally found in Mediterranean, Iran-Turan and Euro-Sibirya phytogeographical regions. S. absconditiflora plant samples were collected from eight different provinces (Aksaray, Kahramanmaraş, Karaman, Kayseri, Konya, Niğde, Nevşehir and Yozgat) of Turkey. Essential oils of plant samples were isolated by the hydro-distillation method using a Clevenger- type apparatus and the components were determined by GC-FID and GC- MS analysis. Although the major components of S. absconditiflora were found as α-pinene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, and borneol in almost all samples β-pinene, β-caryophyllene, bornyl acetate, caryophyllene oxide, β-eudesmol and valeranone were recorded as the other important components in some samples.

Objective: This study aimed to determine and compare the volatile compositions of A. orientalis collected from Antalya, Balıkesir, Erzurum, and Samsun in Turkey. Material and Method: Microdistilled volatile samples of A. orientalis were determined by GC-FID and GC-MS systems simultaneously. Result and Discussion: o-Cresol is also present in the volatiles of three provinces (except Erzurum province) as a common main compound. The main compounds of the volatiles were methyl hexadecanoate (15.8%), linalool (11.4%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (9.0%) for Erzurum province; o-cresol (43.7%), methyl oleate (10.1%) and methyl linoleate (9.1%) for Samsun province; o-cresol (75.2%) for Antalya province; hexadecanoic acid (20.3%), o-cresol (10.8%) and dihydroactinidiolide (10.8%) for Balıkesir province. The samples are rich in fatty acid+esters in all localities, except Erzurum province.

Amaç: Tilia L. türlerinin çiçek durumlarından elde edilen uçucu yağın diüretik, sedatif, kas gevşetici, terletici, soğuk algınlığına karşı etkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda benzer nedenlerle halk ilacı olarak kullanımı bulunun T. rubra subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V.Engl. türünün uçucu yağının bileşiminin araştırılması ve bir yıl arayla toplanan örneklerin içeriğindeki değişiminin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Rize’den 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında toplanan çiçek durumu örneklerinden hidrodistilasyon yöntemiyle uçucu yağ elde edilmiş, elde edilen uçucu yağların bileşimi gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi (GK-KS) ve gaz kromatografisi-alev iyonlaştırıcı detektör (GK-AİD) yöntemleri ile belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: Yapılan analizler sonucunda, 2020 ve 2021 örnekleri için sırasıyla ana bileşik %48.9 ve % 51.6 oranlarıyla hekzadekanoik asit olurken nonakosan %26.3 ve %11.3 oranlarıyla onu izlemiştir. Bu bileşiklerin ardından 2020 yılında toplanan örnekte sırasıyla kaur-16-en, tetradekanoik asit, trikosan, pentakosan bileşikleri yüksek miktarda bulunurken, 2021 yılında toplanan örnekte ise linoleik asit, kaur-16-en, linolenik asit, pentakosan belirlenen ana bileşiklerden olmuştur. Sonuç: Rize’den bir yıl ara ile toplanan örneklerden elde edilen uçucu yağların içerisindeki bileşiklerin oranlarının farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Gözlenen farklılıkların başlıca değişen iklim koşullarına bağlı olabileceği düşünülmüştür.

A phytochemical investigation of hexane extract of Rheum ribes L., Polygonaceae, shoots was analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization dection and mass specrometry and revealed seven components including methyl hexadecanoate (methyl palmitate) (2.4%), (Z)-9-methyl octadecenoate (methyl oleate) (2.9%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-methyl octadecatrienoate (methyl linolenate) (3.5%), 1-octadecanol (4.3%), (Z,Z)-9,12-methyl octadecadienoate (methyl linoleate) (5.7%), heptacosane (13.5%), and hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) (67.7%). The hexane extract was bioassayed for larvicidal and adult topical activity against an insecticide susceptible strain of Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito. Results demonstrated a 90% mortality against adults at 5 mu g/mosquito and first instar larvae at 1 mu g/mu l. The major compound hexadecanoic acid showed 20% mortality at 6.25 ppm against adults whereas the compound provided 100% mortality at the highest screening dose of 1000 ppm against 1st instar larvae. The mosquitocidal activity of the analyzed plant material may be related to a specific combination of compounds present in the hexane extract.

The paper aims to compare the chemical compositions of essential oils and anatomical properties of secretory structures differences between R. damascena which is cultivated in Iğdır and Isparta (EOI1, EOI2, and EOIg). GC/ MS and GC-FID were utilized for essential oils analysis. Nonadecane (31.0%), heneicosane (21.1%), citronellol (16.8%), and 1-nonadecene (6.2%) were primal constituents of EOI1. Nonadecane (29.3%), heneicosane (17.6%), citronellol (18.6%), 1- and nonadecene (5.4%) were primal constituents of EOI2. Heneicosane (15.2%), nonadecane (14.1%), γ-muurolene (13.0%), citronellol (7.8%), and tricosane (8.5%) were primal constituents of EOIg. Both Isparta and Iğdır sepal cross-section anatomies glandular and non-glandular trichomes were observed.

The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world. New attractants are needed as a key strategy for detecting and suppressing insect pest densities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the attractiveness of essential oils isolated from the aerial parts of three Pulicaria species collected from the Al-kharj province of Saudi Arabia, targeting sterile medfly males. The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of P. arabica, P. crispa, and P. somalensis were characterized using gas chromatography-flame ionization detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. tau-Cadinol was found to be the major compound in the essential oils of P. arabica (38.6 %) and P. crispa (53.5 %), and intermedeol (15.9 %), α-cadinol (9.7 %), α-, β- (5.2 % each), and γ-eudesmol (9.1 %) were the most abundant components in the essential oil of P. somalensis. Carvotanacetone (10.3 %) was detected only in P. arabica. The essential oils from each of the three Pulicaria species were subjected to short-range attraction bioassays against the sterile male medfly C. capitata. The results were compared with the response to a known strong attractant, tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia); P. arabica exhibited mild attractancy, whereas neither P. crispa nor P. somalensis showed attractant activity.

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de yetişen Celtis australis L. ve C. tournefortii Lam. meyve örneklerinin yağ asiti bileşenleri ve antimikrobiyal özelliklerini karşılaştırmak amacı ile yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: C. australis ve C. tournefortii meyvelerinden Soxhlet apareyi ile elde edilen sabit yağ, metilleme işlemine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen yağ asitlerinin bileşenleri GK ve GK/KS yöntemiyle eş zamanlı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Sabit yağ numunelerinin in vitro antimikrobiyal aktivite çalışmaları Gram negatif Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311, Gram pozitif Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus NRRL B3711, Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 ve Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700699 mikroorganizmalarına karşı CLSI mikrodilüsyon yöntemleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Pozitif kontrol olarak kloramfenikol kullanılmıştır. Minimum inhibisyon konsantrasyonları (mg/mL) belirlenmiştir.Sonuç ve Tartışma: C. australis ve C. tournefortii meyvelerinde yağ asidi bileşenleri, sırasıyla linoleicasit (%74,8, %49,5), oleik asit (%10,8, %18,6) ve palmitik asit (%5,6, %8,8) olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar standart antimikrobiyal maddeler ile karşılaştırılmış ve MIC değerleri > 2,5-0,5 mg/mL belirlenmiştir. Sonuçların antimikrobiyal etkinlik açından kayda değer olduğu görülmüştür., Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fatty acid components and antimicrobial properties of fruit samples of Celtis australis L. ve C. tournefortii Lam. naturally grown in Turkey.Material and Method: The fixed oils were obtained from the fruits of C. australis and C. tournefortii by using Soxhlet apparatus, and then methylated. The components of the obtained fatty acids were analyzed simultaneously by GC and GC/MS. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of the fatty acid samples were determined against Gram negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 and Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Bacillus cereus NRRL B3711, Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 700699 microorganisms using the CLSI microdilution method. Chloramphenicol was used as positive control. The minimum inhibition concentrations (mg/mL) were designated.Result and Discussion: The unsaturated fatty acid in C. australis and C. tournefortii fruits were determined as linoleic acid (74,8%, 49,5%), oleic acid (10,8%, 18,6%) and palmitic acid (5,6%, 8,8%), respectively. Results were compared with standard antimicrobial agents and MIC values > 2,5-0,5mg mg / mL were determined. The results were found to be significant in terms of antimicrobial efficacy

In this present study, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil and its new microemulsions (MEs) were evaluated both for the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. The essential oil composition was verified initially both by GC-FID and GC/MS, where camphor (19.5%), 1,8-cineol (12%), and verbenone (11.1%) were characterized as the main constituents. A titration method was used and utilized to formulate the MEs. The preparation was formulated using isopropyl myristate as an oil phase, where sorbitan monolaurate and macrogol-glycerol ricinoleate were used as surfactants. In the same system, ethanol was utilized as co-surfactant and distilled water as aqueous phase. A total of 0.1% (w/w) of R. officinalis essential oil was dissolved within the formulation, and evaluated for characteristic parameters such as viscosity, pH, electrical conductivity, refractive index, polydispersity index (PDI), droplet size, and zeta potential, respectively. The pH value was 6.2, where the average microemulsion droplet size was 4.58 +/- 0.137 nm; the PDI value was found as 0.219 +/- 0.016. The viscosity of the microemulsion was determined as 6.93 +/- 0.015 cP. The conductivity of MEs was found as 10 mu S/cm; finally, the zeta potential was determined as 0.391 +/- 0.012 mV. The antimicrobial potential of the preparations was compared using the in vitro broth microdilution, and poisoned PDA assay. A significant increase in the anti-Candidal activity of the micro-emulsified essential oil (15.6 mu g/ml) was observed, however, the antibacterial susceptibility was rather low at the tested concentrations. In addition, the novel microemulsion preparation significantly inhibited mycelial growth of the plant pathogens used in the study, suggesting its selective antifungal potential.

Marrubium cuneatum Banks & Sol. is a perennial plant belonging to the Iran-Turan phytogeographical region, which is distributed in a limited region in the Middle East (Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Iraq and Iran). The chemical composition of the essential oil of Marrubium cuneatum Banks & Sol. (Lamiaceae) from Turkey was characterized. Hydro-distilled essential oil was analysed simultaneously by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), respectively. A total of 75 components representing 94.7% of the oil were determined; linaool (29.7%), caryophyllene oxide (9.8%), and β-caryophyllene (9.0%) were identified as the major compounds, to the best of our knowledge for the first time from Turkey.

Bisabolol is one of the bioactive constituents of chamomile. It was aimed to biotransform (–)-α-bisabolol by different fungi for the production of new bioactive metabolites, which was converted to α-bisabolol oxide A and B by Thamnidium elegans. Additionally, the biotransformation by Penicillium neocrassum yielded a new metabolite, which was characterized as 2-(5-methyl-5-(6-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-yl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-2-ol = bisafuranol. The substrate and its metabolite mixtures were tested using antioxidant DPPH• scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by an in vitro microdilution assay against a panel of human pathogenic bacteria and yeasts resulting in the lowest MIC and MFC values of 150 μg/mL. (–)-α-Bisabolol was effective against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis (75, 37.5 μg/mL, respectively). The antioxidant activity of the metabolites was found to be more effective in scavenging free radicals.

Microbial resistance is an important problem in modern healthcare systems. In addition to drug resistance, the side effects of current antibiotic applications are also known issues. In this present study, binary combinations of amoxicillin with European Pharmacopoeia quality lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) essential oils were evaluated against human pathogenic microbial strains. The checkerboard method was used to quantify the efficacy of the essential oils in combination with amoxicillin. As an initial result, remarkable in vitro antimicrobial activity was observed at relatively low amoxicillin concentrations using different oil combinations against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Escherichia coli NRRL B-3008, Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate), respectively. Fractional inhibitory concentrations were calculated and interpreted in terms of addition, synergy, antagonism, or indifferent. A synergistic interaction with the combination F. vulgare essential oil and amoxicillin (fractional inhibitory concentration index = 8.05 × 10−4) was observed against the pathogens E. faecalis and Escherichia coli. Both essential oils together and in combination with amoxicillin showed a synergistic effect with possible future applications.

The volatile compounds from horse and pony hairs and skin were analyzed to determine bioactive molecules that are kairomones used for host location by blood-feeding diptera. In this study, horse and pony hair samples were extracted with organic solvents (pentane or hexane) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (GC-MS) with closed electron ionization (CEI). Using the GC-MS analysis, we observed a compound peak, which could not be identified by comparison to mass spectra in the mass spectral library. This unknown compound was often the largest peak in the chromatogram and had a retention index and mass spectral fragmentation similar to nonanal. However, there were several differences in the fragmentation pattern. When compared to a nonanal reference standard, it was evident that this was a different compound. Hydrodistillation of pony hair was another extraction method to obtain the unknown component in higher concentrations. Analysis of this extract with GC-flame ionization detector (FID) with GC-MS confirmed the same unknown peak. Further experiments and analysis with the various mass spectroscopy tools gave the possible molecular ion with mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 142, corresponding to the unknown component.

Objective: Microbial transformations are green biotechnological processes where different microorganisms or enzymes are used to produce new metabolites from defined substrates. Hesperidin, quercetin, and their derivatives have been proven in scientific research to have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities.Material and Method: This study performed the microbial transformation of hesperidin and quercetin utilizing 13 different microbial strains. The transformation extracts of hesperidin and quercetin were investigated in antioxidant (DPPH· and ABTS·+ methods) and anti-inflammatory effects.Result and Discussion: The biotransformation of hesperidin was observed in 5 of 13 strains. There were Rhizopus stolonifera, Saccharomyces pararoseus, S. cerevisiae, Penicillium claviforme, and Fusarium solani while microbial transformation of quercetin was identified Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium claviforme. The results of this research show that the extracts obtained with the Aspergillus and Penicillium strains were more effective in terms of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. DPPH· antioxidant activity of A. flavus extract (IC50: 22.55±0.32 µg/ml) was higher than the other biotransformation extracts. The IC50 value of R. stolonifer from the hesperidin transformation extracts is 25.93±0.36 µg/ml. The microbial transformation of hesperidin by Penicillium strain has not been researched previously., Amaç: Mikrobiyal transformasyonlar belirlenen substratlardan yeni metabolitler üretmek için farklı mikroorganizmaların veya onların enzimlerinin kullanıldığı yeşil biyoteknolojik süreçlerdir. Hesperidin, kersetin ve türevlerinin antioksidan, antimikrobiyal ve antikanser özellikleri dahil olmak üzere çeşitli biyolojik aktivitelere sahip olduğu bilimsel araştırmalarda kanıtlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada 13 farklı mikrobiyal suş kullanılarak hesperidin ve kersetin mikrobiyal transformasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hesperidin ve kersetinin mikrobiyal transformasyonundan elde edilen ekstrelerin antioksidan (DPPH· ve ABTS·+ yöntemleri) ve anti-enflamatuvar aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır.Sonuç ve Tartışma: Hesperidin'in biyotransformasyonu 13 suşdan 5'inde gözlenmiştir. Rhizopus stolonifera, Saccharomyces pararoseus, S. cerevisiae, Penicillium claviforme ve Fusarium solani iken; Kersetinin mikrobiyal transformasyonu Aspergillus flavus ve Penicillium claviforme suşlarında gözlemlenmiştir.Bu çalışmanın sonuçları Aspergillus ve Penicillium suşları ile yapılan çalışmada elde edilen ekstrelerin antioksidan ve anti-enflamatuvar aktiviteler açısından daha etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. A. flavus ekstresi (IC50: 22,55±0,32 µg/ml) DPPH· antioksidan aktivitesi diğer biyotransformasyon ekstrelerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Hesperidin transformasyon ekstrelerinden R. stolonifer'in IC50 değeri 25,93±0,36 µg/ml'dir. Hesperidinin Penicillium suşu tarafından mikrobiyal dönüşümü daha önce çalışılmamıştır.

Origanum onites L. of Lamiaceae, is used as a culinary spice and herbal tea; also for its antioxidant, antimicrobial effects among other activities and effects. This research aims to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the infusions and the essential oils (EOs) obtained using different conditions from the aerial parts of the processed and raw of O. onites herbal material. The EOs from O. onites were distilled at different times and characterized both by GC-FID and GC/MS systems. The resulting main compounds were identified as carvacrol (65.5-91 %), linalool (0.3-17.9 %), γ-terpinene (2.8-4.6 %), and thymol (0.5-1.5 %), respectively. In addition, Origanum infusions were prepared at four different time intervals, where the volatile compounds of the infusions were analysed using the HS-SPME-GC/MS system. Statistical Principal Component (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analyses (HCA) tools were used to demonstrate the composition variations on different times for O. onites infusion and EO samples.

Origanum spp. are used both for culinary purposes and for their biological activities. In this study, commercial Origanum majorana, Origanum minutiflorum, Origanum vulgare, and Origanum onites essential oils and their prominent constituent carvacrol were evaluated for their in vitro and in silico angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitory potentials. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, where carvacrol was identified as the major component (62 – 81%), confirming the quality. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays were conducted both with the essential oils (20 µg/mL) and with carvacrol (5 µg/mL). The comparative values of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 percent inhibition for O. majorana, O. minutiflorum, O. vulgare, and O. onites essential oils were determined as 85.5, 79.1, 74.3, and 42.8%, respectively. As a result of the enzyme assays, carvacrol showed 90.7% in vitro angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitory activity. The in vitro lipoxygenase inhibition of the essential oils (in the same order) was 89.4, 78.9, 81.1, and 73.5%, respectively, where carvacrol showed 74.8% inhibition. In addition, protein–ligand docking and interaction profiling was used to gain structural and mechanistic insights into the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and lipoxygenase inhibitory potentials of major Origanum essential oil constituents. The in silico findings agreed with the significant enzyme inhibition activity observed in vitro. Further in vivo studies are suggested to confirm the safety and efficacy of the oils.

Combination of various compounds and essential oils for pharmaceutical formulations withdraw attention. In this present study, it was aimed to evaluate the in vitro potential synergistic antibacterial effect of Lavandula latifolia (spike lavender) essential oil with camphor by using the checkerboard method against the human pathogens; Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Pharmacopoeia quality L. latifolia essential oil and racemic camphor were analyzed and verified by GC-FID and GC/MS, simultaneously. In vitro antibacterial activity of essential oil and camphor (MIC range: 0.16–20 mg/mL) and standard antimicrobial clarithromycin (MIC range: 0.125–16 μg/mL) were carried out by broth microdilution against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes standard strains, respectively. Resulting antibacterial effects were evaluated for their fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) as antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects. The analytical results showed that the major component of essential oil was linalool (45.2%) and 1,8-cineole (25.6%). Antibacterial effects of essential oil were determined as MIC 1.25–5 mg/mL. As a result of the experiments, L. latifolia essential oil–camphor combinations were identified as “synergistic (FIC ≤ 0.5), and additive (0.5

Citrus fruits are cultivated and used as fresh fruits or for the production of juices Worldwide. These fruits are of great interest as raw materials for pharmaceutical, cosmetics and food industrie...

A comparative study on the essential oil (EO) compositions of seven Marrubium taxa from nine locations in Aegean province of Turkey was performed by this study. The essential oils analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The major compounds of all species were detected as sesquiterpenes; (Z)-β-farnesene, germacrene D, β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and bicyclogermacrene in variable rates for different taxa. Moreover, this is the first study on EO composition of endemic M. rotundifolium Boiss. and chemical variabilities of the EOs of other Marrubium taxa collected from Turkey.

This investigation displays antioxidant potential of Cymbocarpum erythraeum essential oils and their biological effects like cytotoxic and anticholinesterase. The antioxidant capacities of the esse...

Gulcin, ilhami/0000-0001-5993-1668; KARAKAYA, Songul/0000-0002-3268-721X, WOS: 000524099800001, The oxidant, cholinesterase, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitions of essential oils and their major compounds of Leiotulus dasyanthus and molecular docking studies of alpha-pinene and (TM)-3-carene were evaluated in this study. Phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity of samples were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's, DPPH, and TBA processes. Cholinesterase inhibition effect was evaluated through Ellman's method. GC-FID and GC/MS were used for analysing of essential oils. the root oil got the highest total phenolic content (898.87 mg/g). the utmost activity was shown flower oil (29.31 mu g/mL) in the DPPH test. the root oil indicated considerable inhibition towards acetylcholinesterase (21.92%) and butyrylcholinesterase (91.33%) enzymes, respectively. alpha-pinene and delta-3-carene indicated high acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (66.44 and 48.71%, respectively). Cytosolic hCA I and II isoenzymes were influentially inhibited by flower and aerial part oils with 1.694 and 1.677 mu M IC50 values, respectively. 1-Dodecanol (7.8%); beta-pinene (63.3%), alpha-pinene (20.5%); octyl acetate (14.7%); hexyl octanoate (55.1%) were characterized as principle compounds of aerial parts, roots, flowers, and fruits respectively., Ataturk UniversityAtaturk University [TAB-2018-6432], This work was assisted by the Scientific Research Projects of Ataturk University (TAB-2018-6432).Scientific Research Projects of Ataturk University (TAB-2018-6432).

Propolis compositions are highly variable, depending on the geographic region and the season of collection. In this study, propolis samples from seven different regions of Cyprus were studied for the first time by means of chemical content and biological activities. Secondary metabolite composition was determined by LC-HRMS. While the major flavonoids found were isosakuranetin, naringenin, rhamnocitrin, diosmetin, chrysin and acacetin, interestingly verbascoside, a phenylethanoid glycoside, and chlorogenic acid were identified as the major compounds in the ethanol-water extracts. α-Pinene was detected as the major compound of propolis extracts according to the volatile compositions via GC-MS. Karaoglanoglu and Tirmen extracts, presenting different chemical profiles, exerted enormous cytotoxic activity by MTT assay (IC50: 2.36–11.56 µg/mL; 1.44–9.33 µg/mL, respectively). The highest iNOS inhibition potential was detected in the Karpaz extract (IC50:2.6 µg/mL) in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells whereas the Guzelyurt sample demonstrated remarkable antioxidant (88.82 ± 0.10%) and antimicrobial activities (with a MIC value of 31.2 μg/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecium, and E. faecalis).