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Kirill A Lyapichev,1,* Yana Ivashkevich,1,* Yaroslav Chernov,2 Denis Chinenov,2 Evgeniy Shpot,2 Alexander A Bessonov,3 Bouthaina S Dabaja,4 Sergej Konoplev1 1Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; 2Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; 3Breast Cancer Department, NMRC N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the Ministry of Healthcare, St. Petersburg, Russia; 4Radiation Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sergej KonoplevDepartment of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USATel +1 713-792-4117Fax +1 713-794-1800Email SKonople@mdanderson.orgAbstract: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) of the urinary bladder is an extremely rare entity accounting for 0.2% of all malignant urinary bladder neoplasms, and the diagnosis could be challenging. We present here a patient with urinary bladder MALT lymphoma and review of all published case reports in the literature. We summarized the reported immunophenotype of the neoplasm, ancillary studies, therapy, and follow-up for all 59 patients in the table. The median patients’ age was 57 years-old (range, 17 to 88), with female predominance in 50 of 59 patients representing a 1:5.6 ratio. Geographical distribution of the reported patients was as follows: 22 from Asia, of which more than a half (16) originated from Japan; 28 from Europe, of which 19 reported from the United Kingdom, and 3 patients were reported from the United States (including our patient). Twenty-three (77%) of 30 patients, for whom their clinical presentation was recorded, had symptoms of cystitis; Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen. We concluded that a prominent female predominance, uneven geographic distribution of urinary bladder MALT lymphoma, and a success of antibacterial therapy in selected cases suggest the link between urinary tract infection and urinary bladder MALT lymphoma.Keywords: MALT lymphoma, urinary bladder, cystitis, urinary tract infection

Objective: To develop and test an algorithm for no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) prevention during endovascular treatment of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) Methods: A prospective single-center randomized study included 100 patients diagnosed with STEMI who underwent coronary artery stenting. Group 1 included 50 patients who were operated using an algorithm for the NRP prevention, while Group 2 included 50 patients who underwent routine transluminal balloon angioplasty and stenting of the coronary arteries. The NRP risk was assessed using the predictive model by Wang JW et al Results: Both groups were comparable in terms of anamnestic and clinical data, biochemical and instrumental examination results. High NRP risk was determined in 36% of Group 1 patients and 40% of Group 2 patients. NRP developed significantly less often in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 (14% vs. 36%, p=0.01). Worsening of Killip class of acute heart failure was found significantly less common in Group 1 patients compared to Group 2 (2% versus 16%, p=0.03) Conclusion: The proposed algorithm for NRP prevention increased the effectiveness of treatment for STEMI

Preoperative planning of surgical treatment is an important stage of preparation for surgical treatment in traumatology and orthopaedics, which makes it possible to emphasise the peculiarities of the clinical case, prevent possible problems during surgery and reduce the risks of postoperative complications. The leading method of diagnostics for further planning of surgical treatment nowadays is radiological studies, primarily radiography and computed tomography. The results of radiological studies allow a sufficiently qualitative assessment of the zone of interest, planning of the required degree of correction and placement of fixing metal structures and endoprostheses. At the same time, when planning, the doctor relies mostly on the knowledge of the norms of anatomical relations and structures. And in the case of a multitude of possible treatment options, the doctor relies on his or her own medical experience to make a choice. This article presents a developed generalising methodology of preoperative planning in traumatology-orthopaedics, which includes biomechanical analysis and methods of accumulation and processing of quantitative data of clinical cases along with the usual methods of preoperative planning for doctors. The methodology brings together into a single system the criteria for evaluating the success of treatment by applying three classes of criteria: geometric (anatomical), biomechanical and clinical. The methodology allows the physician to perform biomechanical modelling of the proposed treatment options and quantitatively evaluate them on the basis of comparison of stress-strain states arising in the «bone-implant» system as a result of each of the planned options. The methodology allows to determine successful treatment options and to predict changes in the patient's quality of life after treatment. The presented methodology includes a mechanism for accumulation of quantitative data on clinical cases and quality control of the used biomechanical models.

Aim of this study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of the device tuning fork in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome. The study included 22 women with metabolic syndrome (age 52-75 years). The average body weight of patients - 92.3 ± 15.2 kg, body mass index - 37.2 ± 2.7, the duration of obesity - 21 years. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of information-wave therapy in the presence of the metabolic syndrome. It is shown that combined treatment of the metabolic syndrome without the use of information-wave therapy is not accompanied by improvement in basic biochemical parameters. The study observed no deterioration in carbohydrate metabolism, electrolyte abnormalities in patients in both groups.

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) is a rare and extremely severe disease included in the group of hereditary carbohydrate metabolism disorders. The condition is caused by pathogenic variants in the SLC37A4 gene leading to glucose metabolic disorder in the liver and kidneys, and as a result to severe organomegaly, hypoglycemia, and metabolic decompensation. Moreover, neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction are noted in patients with GSD Ib. The use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor only increases the number of dysfunctional neutrophils without affecting their functional activity, what determines the inefficacy of such treatment. In recent years, the mechanism of neutropenia in GSD Ib has been clarified, so new therapeutic agents for its relief have been created. This article presents the overview of data on the successful results of renal sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (gliflozins) usage in patients with GSD Ib.

BACKGROUND: Osteochondroma (osteochondral exostosis) is the most common benign neoplasm of bone tissue, accounting for up to 9% of all bone tumors. Possible manifestations of a single osteochondral exostosis are pain, a limited range of motion, compression of vascular or neural structures, and crepitus. The literature describes several clinical cases of the treatment of patients with osteochondral exostosis of the proximal radius. A distinguishing feature of the proximal radius’s anatomy is the close location of such anatomical structures as the posterior interosseous nerve, the enthesis of the distal biceps tendon, and the proximal radioulnar joint. CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: This clinical case for the first time describes osteochondroma of the radial neck, which causes supination deficiency. CONCLUSION: The surgical treatment allowed us to achieve excellent treatment results with the complete restoration of the function and range of motion in the elbow joint. The key aspect is the knowledge of this segment’s anatomy.

Introduction. Yellow wood anemone (Anemone ranunculoides L.) is a herbaceous perennial. This plant grows in the European parts of Russia, Ciscaucasia, Siberia, Central Europe and other regions. It has many different pharmacological activities: immunomodulatory, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antitoxic, diuretic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and antirheumatic activity. These various effects are due to their biologically active compounds, which include ephemeroids, protoanemonin, saponins, tannins, resins, ascorbic acid, ranunculin, oils lipids and triterpene glycosides. As to phenolic compounds, currently there is no sufficient information on flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) profiles in different species of genus Anemone. Because these groups of compounds are quite specific for yellow wood anemone, their detailed study seems to be relevant.Aim. The objective of this research is to identify and quantify flavonoids, HCAs, and their conjugates in Yellow wood anemone leaves, flowers and rhizomes with roots.Materials and methods. The identification was carried out by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric detection (UHPLC–DAD–ESI-MS) with quantification of individual compounds by external calibration method.Results and discussion. Among the 47 compounds, 30 flavonoids and 17 derivatives of HCAs were detected. Quercetin glycosides were found to be the major flavonoids in aerial parts whereas chalcone glycosides – in underground parts. The major HCA in rhizomes with roots was feruloyltartaric acid (1.18 mg/g) whereas chlorogenic acid was predominant in leaves and flowers (8.68 mg/g and 2.62 mg/g accordingly). The total content of phenolic compounds was estimated at 60 mg/g on a dry weight basis.Conclusion. As a result of the research a detailed profile of flavonoids and HCAs acids of anemon was described. The data obtained can serve to identify this species in the standardization of medicinal plant materials and taxonomic studies.

Aim. To evaluate the plaque structural features in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) permanently residing in the Far North of the Tyumen region in com­parison with patients in the South of the Tyumen region.Material and methods. This pilot case-control study included 32 patients with stable CAD (mean age 62,7±8,9 years, 24 (75%) men). The main group consisted of 16 patients permanently residing in the Far North of Tyumen region (non-indi­ge­nous population), while the comparison group consisted of 16 patients permanently residing in the South of the Tyumen region. In all patients, CAD was verified using paraclinical diagnostic methods. All patients underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), according to which the plaque type was analyzed. The following plaque types were distinguished: fibrous, fibroatheroma, calcified fibroatheroma, thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA). TCFA was defined as the presence of a fibrous cap ≤65 μm thick and an arc of the necrotic core of at least 90о. In addition, a lipid-rich plaque was isolated, which was determined by a lipid arc of more than 180о.Results. According to clinical and angiographic characteristics, patients in the compared groups were statistically comparable. A total of 134 plaques were analyzed from 32 patients (main group — 65 plaques; control group — 69 plaques (p>0,05)). The most common plaque type in both groups was calcified fibroatheroma (46,2% in the Far North group and 50,7% in the South group, p=0,609). TCFA was significantly more often detected in patients living in far north (33,8% vs 17,4%, p=0,031). In this group of patients, thin (

Numerous publications have demonstrated that polymorphisms in FADS1 and FADS2 gene cluster influence the levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) synthesized in the body from essential precursors. They can be consumed through the diet as well. These LC PUFAs perform important plastic and regulatory functions in the body. The associations between the polymorphisms of FADS genes and the fatty acid (FA) composition of the body with some inflammatory and chronic diseases were shown. To date, very few studies in the Russian Federation researched the distribution of polymorphic variants in FADS1 and FADS2 genes and no studies examined the effects of these polymorphisms on the level of FAs in tissues.So, the purpose of this paper was to study the frequency of genotypes and alleles of the rs174544 polymorphism of the FADS1 gene and the rs174583 polymorphism of the FADS2 gene and their influence on the FA composition of erythrocyte membranes in residents of the Central region of the Russian Federation (RF). Additionally, the effect of ω-3 PUFAs fortified food products on this composition was examined. Methods: The study included 70 volunteers aged 23–69 years from Moscow region who provided informed consent. They were genotyped for rs174544 polymorphism of FADS1 gene and rs174583 polymorphism of FADS2 gene by real-time PCR. The participants of the study consumed fruit or vegetable smoothies enriched with either vegetable (chia seeds flour) or animal (fish oil flour) sources of ω-3 PUFAs for 1 month. The fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes in some of the volunteers was analysed using gas-chromatography before and after fortification of their diet with ω-3 PUFAs. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23. Results: The frequency of genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms studied were similar to those published for the European region. For rs174544, the genotype frequencies were CC (61%), CA (29%), and AA (10%), frequency of allele A was 24%. For rs174583, the genotype frequencies were CC (51%), CT (39%), and TT (10%), frequency of allele T was 29%. Carriers of minor alleles of both polymorphisms studied had significantly higher levels of ω-6 and ω-3 LC PUFAs in erythrocyte membranes compared to those carrying other genotypes. This differs from the results of other studies where carriers of minor alleles as were shown to be slow converters of precursors to LC PUFAs. The reason of the discrepancy was most likely associated with the obesity and dietary preferences of our study participants who carry the minor alleles. Over the period of one-month consumption of food sources providing an additional intake of either 2 g/day ω-3 PUFAs from fish oil or 6.5 g/day of ω-3 PUFAs from chia seed flour markedly reduced the incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes in carriers of minor alleles. Additionally, there was an increase in the content of saturated palmitic acid in the membranes that noticeably changed the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes. Conclusion: Our results confirm the observation that blood fatty acid composition related to polymorphisms of FADS gene is highly influenced by BMI. The incorporation of ω-6 PUFAs into erythrocyte membranes decreases when the diet is fortified with ω-3 PUFAs. This decrease can help reduce the formation of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids and the risk of various inflammatory and chronic diseases, especially in carriers of minor alleles of the genetic polymorphisms studied.

Multilayered metallic nanostructures are promising for the fabrication of spin valves based on the giant magnetoresistive effect and for studies of the nature of topological magnetism, aimed at the development of new nanoscale data storage and transfer devices, e.g. those based on magnetic skyrmions. It is still an important task to develop methods of synthesis and configuration of thin-film nanostructures and control of spin textures in those nanostructures under electric and spin currents generated as a result of the spin Hall effect in external electric fields. Thin-film polycrystalline ferromagnetic / heavy metal Ru(10nm)/Co(0,8)/Ru(2), Ru(10)/Co(0,8)/Ru(2)/W(4), Pt(5)/Co(0,8)/MgO(2)/Pt(2) and Pt(15)/Co(0,8)/MgO(2)/Pt(2) nanostructures have been synthesized using magnetron sputtering. Electric contacts and Hall structures with different conductive bridge thicknesses have been synthesized on the specimens using electron beam photolithography. Experimental vibration magnetometric data have been utilized to calculate magnetic parameters of the specimens, i.e., saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy energy and field and coercive force as functions of ferromagnetic and heavy metal layer types. The domain structure of the specimens has been studied using Kerr microscopy. The electrical resistivity has been simulated and the critical current and current density of the nanostructures have been assessed. We show that all the film specimens exhibit perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and can be used in the studies of current-induced phenomena and spin moment transfer processes in nanostructures.

Introduction Currently, there is no consensus regarding optimal treatment options of Achilles tendon rupture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate long term results of Achilles tendon repair using different surgical techniques, assess complication rate and subjective satisfaction Methods The study included patients treated for Achilles tendon rupture using minimally invasive and open surgical repair. Complications including re-rupture, infection, deep vein thrombosis and neuropraxia were identified. In order to evaluate the factors influencing the risk of postoperative complications, logistic regression analysis was performed. The Achilles Tendon Rupture Score (ATRS) and the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) evaluated subjective outcomes. Results 130 patients with Achilles tendon tear were enrolled (123 primary and 7 revision cases). In primary repairs percutaneous technique was used in 60 % of cases (74/123), mini open technique – in 16 % (19/123), and open technique – in 24 % (30/123). Re-rupture occurred in 2.4 % of patients treated with minimally invasive techniques. There were no repeated ruptures following open repairs. Predominant number of infections was registered after open repairs and made 10 %, while minimally invasive techniques had 3.2 % of infections. Logistic regression analyses showed that steroid injection, open repair, application of tapes and autografts increased the risk of infectious complications. There were no significant differences in ATRS and AOFAS scores between different primary Achilles tendon repair techniques (p > 0.05). Discussion Results, obtained in the current study, are consistent with previously published data. Conclusions Open Achilles tendon repair showed a higher rate of infections, and lower rate of re-ruptures. The anamnesis of steroid injection, open repair, application of tapes and autografts increases the risk of infectious complications.

Pathogenic heterozygous variants in the PIEZO2 gene cause distal arthrogryposis type 5 – a rare autosomal dominant disease, which is characterized by the development of congenital contractures, ophthalmoparesis, ptosis and restrictive respiratory disorders. We have presented clinical and genetic characteristics of seven Russian patients with distal arthrogryposis type 5 caused by previously described and newly identified nucleotide variants in the PIEZO2 gene. It was shown that the most severe clinical manifestations were found in patients with newly identified nucleotide variants c.8238G>A (p.Trp274Ter) and c.7095G>T (p.Trp2365Cys), while in patients with other previously described variants c.8181_8183delAGA (p.Glu2727del) and c.2134A>G (p.Met712Val) the clinical phenotype is more moderately expressed. The dynamics of phenotype formation were also noted. It has been shown that the disease progression may occur as the child grows and requires monitoring of this group of patients.

Deviation of the first toe to the outside, interconnected with the deviation of the first metatarsal bone to the inside, occurs in 46% of patients of the older age group and is called valgus deformity of the first toe. The negative impact of this pathology on the quality of life of patients is the reason for seeking medical help, the gold standard of which is surgical correction, and the basic surgical technique is osteotomy (sawing the bone and fixing its fragments with implants) of the first metatarsal. At the same time, an ideal osteotomy should provide initial stability in the early postoperative period. However, a large number of ways to perform osteotomy, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each of the surgical techniques, do not allow to consider one of them as the most successful. In this regard, the aim of the work was to develop and validate a biomechanical model of osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone to analyze its stability and reliability depending on the type of osteotomy, the degree of displacement of bone fragments, as well as the number of fastening screws. In this study, biomechanical modeling of the most commonly used variants of osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone of the foot in the surgical treatment of its valgus deformity was carried out. For this purpose, 10 models of osteotomies of a separate first metatarsal bone were created, which were then subjected to static loading to analyze their stress-strain state and assess their success. Successful (stable and reliable) treatment options were identified, as well as unsuccessful ones. Two of the ten options considered were unsuccessful – scarf type osteotomies with displacement of bone fragments by 2/3 of its diameter and fixed with a single screw. It was revealed that osteotomies of the chevron type showed higher stability in comparison with scarf osteotomies. As a result, we note that in this study, numerical experiments were conducted for the first time to compare the stability and strength of the most commonly used variants of osteotomies based on a single bone model. A biomechanical model of scarf osteotomy of the first metatarsal bone has been developed and validated on the basis of mechanical experiments.

Glycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD Ib) — is a disease from the group of hereditary metabolic diseases caused by insufficiency of the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (G6PT, SLC37A4), which leads to a violation of both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and, as a consequence, to excessive accumulation of glycogen and fat in the liver, kidneys and intestinal mucosa. The main clinical manifestations and laboratory data include growth retardation, hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia and hyperlipidemia. Complications of this disease are hepatocellular adenoma with a possible risk of malignancy, nephropathy and osteoporosis. A specific sign of GSD Ib is neutropenia with impaired neutrophil function, which creates prerequisites for recurrent infections and the development of inflammatory bowel disease. Until the present, enzyme replacement therapy of GSD Ib has not been developed, therefore, the main methods of treatment are a specialized diet with the addition of raw corn starch (for relief of hypoglycemia) and the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (for relief of neutropenia). However, the recent establishment of the role of 1,5-anhydroglucitol in the pathogenesis of neutrophil dysfunction in GSD Ib has led to a reprofiling of indications for the use of empagliflozin, a type 2 renal sodium—glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLT2). In the modern literature, it is reported about a minor, but very successful experience of its use in patients with GSD Ib (outside the framework of official indications for use) and a beneficial effect on neutrophil dysfunction and its clinical consequences. Oddly enough, this hypoglycemic drug improved not only metabolic, but also glycemic control in patients with GSD Ib, despite the fact that the pathology is based on chronic hypoglycemia. More and more evidence points to the role of empagliflozin in the regulation of cellular homeostasis (for example, fatty acid metabolism, glucose, cholesterol, apoptosis and cell proliferation, in particular in the liver) by influencing the activity of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and signal molecules such as -serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt) and a mechanical target of rapamycin (mTOR), which leads to an improvement in the structure and function of mitochondria, stimulation of autophagy, reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammation. Modulation of these pathways shifts oxidative metabolism from carbohydrates to lipids and leads to a key decrease in insulin levels, resistance to it, glucose and lipotoxicity. This review presents current data on the pathogenesis of neutropenia and the possibility of using empagliflozin for its relief in patients with GSD Ib.

Background. Genetically engineered biological therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many chronic inflammatory diseases. It often allows to achieve significant clinical effect and improve the patient's quality of life. However, sometimes it leads to adverse events, and physicians encounter them more often. One of such side effects is paradoxical psoriasis (PP) that can be revealed during the therapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. PP is the debut or exacerbation of pre-existing psoriasis.Clinical case description. Patient A., 17 years old, has suffered from ulcerative colitis since 2020; biological therapy with infliximab has been initiated in March 2022. Numerous rashes were revealed, as well as development of confluent alopecia foci on the background of scalp psoriatic damage, during the next hospitalization in December 2022. The patient was examined by dermatologist; diagnosis of PP was established according to the clinical picture and medical history. Skin rashes progressed and ulcerative colitis worsened (diarrheal syndrome, fecal calprotectin levels increased up to 526 μg/g) after cessation of infliximab therapy. Biological therapy with the inhibitor IL-12/23 (ustekinumab) was initiated due to the aggressive cutaneous pathological process and the aggravation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms. The gradual regression of rashes with the restoration of scalp hair growth and ulcerative colitis clinical and laboratory remission were noted during the treatment.Conclusion. PP is a rare complication that develops during therapy with TNF-α inhibitors, and it is most often observed in patients with IBD. In our case there was aggressive course of psoriasis with severe scalp lesion and hair loss (it is specific type of lesion in such patients). The ustekinumab, inhibitor IL-12/23, treatment efficacy correlates with the literature data on this drug successful use in both nosologies. Ustekinumab can be a first-line therapy in such pediatric patients. This clinical case is the first case in the Russian literature on effective management of PP and ulcerative colitis with ustekinumab in children.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause severe clinical disease in humans, particularly in young children. Recent advances have led to greater availability of sequencing technologies. We sought to use whole genome sequencing data to identify the presence or absence of known virulence factors in all clinical isolates submitted to our laboratory from Southern Alberta dated 2020–2022 and correlate these virulence factors with clinical outcomes obtained through chart review. Overall, the majority of HUS and hospitalizations were seen in patients with O157:H7 serotypes, and HUS cases were primarily in young children. The frequency of virulence factors differed between O157:H7 and non-O157 serotypes. Within the O157:H7 cases, certain virulence factors, including espP, espX1, and katP, were more frequent in HUS cases. The number of samples was too low to determine statistical significance.

Deodorisation remains a beneficial aspect of the processing of edible oils and fats and is required during the first refining and after transportation, storage, and/or further processing, such as interesterification. While there is awareness among the scientific community that repeated deodorisation may negatively impact product quality, according to some technical and processing requirements, oils, fats, and their blends can still be treated with up to 3–4 cycles of deodorisation. However, the precise changes caused by sequential deodorising processes remain unknown. This study analysed fatty acid compositions, peroxide values, anisidine values, volatile profiles, and monochloropropanediol (MCPDEs) and glycidyl (GEs) fatty acid ester contents in pressed and repeatedly deodorised sunflower oils (SFOs). The latter had higher levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs); monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs); and trans fatty acids (TFAs); as well as volatile aldehydes, such as pentanal, hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-heptenal, and MCPDE contents with each successive deodorisation. Most of these compounds have the potential to cause harmful health effects. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the number of edible oil deodorisation cycles in order to maintain their quality and safety.