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Bolotov, Ivan N., Eliseeva, Tatyana A., Kondakov, Alexander V., Gofarov, Mikhail Y., Aksenova, Olga V., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Travina, Oksana V., Vinarski, Maxim V. (2023): Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus. Ecologica Montenegrina 63: 24-38, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.63.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2023.63.3

Barbronia borealis Bolotov, Eliseeva & Kondakov sp. nov. https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 06EF7905-A09C-4F37-B686-36A0D67A7F7D Figures 4, 5 a-c Holotype: RMBH Hir_0405 (fixed and stored in 96% ethanol); RUSSIA: Kiparisovka River, 43.4578°N, 131.9017°E, Razdolnaya (Suifun) River basin, Primorye Region, September 05, 2020, O. V. Aksenova, Y. V. Bespalaya, A. V. Kropotin, O. V. Travina & M. V. Vinarski leg. Etymology: The name of this species reflects its record in the boreal zone of Eurasia. Differential diagnosis: The new species is externally similar to Barbronia gwalagwalensis and B. weberi. It differs from B. gwalagwalensis by having 5.5 annuli between gonopores (vs 7.5 annuli) and from B. weberi by having 6 annuli between accessory pore and corresponding gonopore (vs 5 annuli). However, DNA barcoding should be considered the most reliable approach for identification of these morphologically similar species. DNA-based diagnosis: The reference DNA sequences of the holotype: OQ940656 (COI) and OQ941865 (18S rRNA). This species represents a divergent phylogenetic lineage, which is distant from other species in the genus, the sequences of which are available (Table 2). Description: Small salifid leech: body length 20.1 mm, maximum body width 3.3 mm, maximum width of anterior sucker 0.9 mm, maximum width of posterior sucker 2.0 mm (Figure 4). Body elongated, vermiform, tapering anteriorly. Body surface smooth, without papillae. Posterior sucker ventrally directed. Dorsum light ochraceous, venter whitish. Anterior region with three pairs of circular eyespots: one labial on 3rd annulus and two buccal on 6-7th annuli (Figure 5 a-b). Complete mid-body somite 6 annulate: b1 + b2 + a2 + b5 + c11 + c12 (Figure 5c). Clitellum extends from X b5 to XIV b2. Gonopores large, well visible, separated by 5.5 annuli. Male accessory pore in the furrow X c12/XI b1, male gonopore in XII b1/b2, female gonopore in XIII b1, female accessory pore in XIII c12/XIV b1 (Figure 5c). Anus dorsally at XXVII, two postanal annuli anterior to posterior sucker (Figure 4). Reproductive and digestive systems remain unstudied because only the holotype was available for description. Distribution: This species is only known from its type locality, situated at the southeastern corner of the Russian Far East. However, numerous occurrences from Northeastern China attributed to B. cf. weberi (Figure 1) may belong to the new species. Habitats and ecology: The holotype was collected from a pool site of a small river with clay bottom (Figure 6). This leech specimen was fixed with its prey, an oligochaete, protruding from its mouth. A COI sequence was generated from this worm (GenBank acc. No. OQ933549). Searching with the BOLD IDS reveals that the COI sequence of the prey item is related to those of oligochaetes identified as Limnodrilus profundicola (Verrill, 1871) (Oligochaeta: Naididae). This finding indicates that Barbronia borealis sp. nov. feeds on small freshwater oligochaetes, as do some other species in this genus (Nesemann et al. 2007)., Published as part of Bolotov, Ivan N., Eliseeva, Tatyana A., Kondakov, Alexander V., Gofarov, Mikhail Y., Aksenova, Olga V., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Travina, Oksana V. & Vinarski, Maxim V., 2023, Barbronia borealis sp. nov., the first salifid leech discovered in Russia, with a global checklist of this genus, pp. 24-38 in Ecologica Montenegrina 63 on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.37828/em.2023.63.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8082901, {"references":["Nesemann, H., Sharma, S., Sharma, G., Khanal, S. N., Pradhan, B., Shah, D. N. & Tachamo, R. D. (2007) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System: Volume 1 - Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part). Hasko Nesemann and Chandi Press, Kathmandu, 263 pp."]}

Funder: Australian National Environmental Science Foundation, Funder: Corpus Christi College; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000591, Funder: IOP PAN, We identified 14 emerging and poorly understood threats and opportunities for addressing the global conservation of freshwater mussels over the next decade. A panel of 17 researchers and stakeholders from six continents submitted a total of 56 topics that were ranked and prioritized using a consensus-building Delphi technique. Our 14 priority topics fell into five broad themes (autecology, population dynamics, global stressors, global diversity, and ecosystem services) and included understanding diets throughout mussel life history; identifying the drivers of population declines; defining metrics for quantifying mussel health; assessing the role of predators, parasites, and disease; informed guidance on the risks and opportunities for captive breeding and translocations; the loss of mussel-fish co-evolutionary relationships; assessing the effects of increasing surface water changes; understanding the effects of sand and aggregate mining; understanding the effects of drug pollution and other emerging contaminants such as nanomaterials; appreciating the threats and opportunities arising from river restoration; conserving understudied hotspots by building local capacity through the principles of decolonization; identifying appropriate taxonomic units for conservation; improved quantification of the ecosystem services provided by mussels; and understanding how many mussels are enough to provide these services. Solutions for addressing the topics ranged from ecological studies to technological advances and socio-political engagement. Prioritization of our topics can help to drive a proactive approach to the conservation of this declining group which provides a multitude of important ecosystem services.

GENUS CORBICULA MEGERLE VON MÜHLFELD, 1811 Type species: Tellina fluminalis O.F. Müller, 1774., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on page 112, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["Muller O. F. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluViatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I - XXXVI, 1 - 214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana."]}

CORBICULA ELATIOR VON MARTENS, 1905 Corbicula elatior von Martens, 1905: 65, pl. 2, fig. 5 (Korea, Kyongsang-namdo and Kyonggi-do provinces) = Corbicula suifuensis Lindholm, 1925: 29 [Russia, Primorye Region, Suifun (nowadays Razdolnaya) River near Razdolnoye settlement] = Corbicula amurensis Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 149, fig. 1D–F (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, the Lower Amur river near Balbinskiy Cliff, 22 km upstream of Kalinovka settlement and 337 km from the mouth), synon. nov. = Corbicula neƲelskoyi Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 148–149, fig. 1A–C (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, the Lower Amur River near Balbinskiy Cliff, 22 km upstream of Kalinovka settlement and 337 km from the mouth), synon. nov. = Corbicula sirotskii Bogatov & Starobogatov, 1994: 149, fig. 1G–I (Russia, Khabarovsk Region, Lower Amur River, 7 km upstream of Maxim Gorky settlement and 397 km from the mouth), synon. nov. Type material: The lectotype [a pair of valves; ‘ Corbicula elatior Marts., Naktonggang’; designated by Glaubrecht et al., 2007], ZMB 55.624; paralectotypes ZMB 38.439 (ten pairs of valves, one right valve; ‘ Corbicula elatior jung, Naktonggang, mittl. Arm Korea, Gottsche’); paralectotypes ZMB 38.429 (six pairs of valves, one right valve; ‘ Corbicula No. 1, N’aktonggang, Gottsche’); paralectotypes ZMB 38.430 b (three pairs of valves, one tiny right valve; ‘ Corbicula no. 2, Imjingang bei Imjin 20/9 Gottsche’); paralectotype ZMB 55.626 (a pair of valves; specimen depicted in Fig. 6 as ‘ C. elatior ?’) (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Type locality: ‘ Mittlerer Arm des Naktonggang, Hauptfluss der Provinz Kyöngsangdo, zwischen Tongnai und Kimhai. Imjingang bei Imjin, Provinz Kyöngkwido, Korea’; South Korea: restricted to Naktong River near Kimhae, Kyongsang-namdo (NakdongRivernearGimhae, Gyeongsangnam Prov., 35°11 ′ 57 ″ N, 128°54 ′ 00 ″ E). Locality of paralectotypes: Prov. Kyonggi-do: Imjin River near Imjin (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Material examined: The type series. Our samples: Far East of Russia: lower reaches of the Lower Amur River near Nikolaevsk-on-Amur City, 53°7 ′ 12.948 ″ N, 140°50 ′ 47.646E ″, 17 July 2014, 28 specimens, Bolotov I.N. & Vikhrev I. V. leg. (lot nos RMBH Corb 15); Nizhnetambovskoe settlement, 16 September 2020, 50.952778N, 138.204444E, 89 specimens, Aksenova O. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V. & Vinarski M. V. leg.; 61 specimens are stored in RMBH; 28 specimens from the same locality are kept in LMBI under accession number 21-044; Nizhnetambovskoe settlement, 7 July 2021, 50.921111N, 138.1775E, 23 specimens, Aksenova O. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V. & Khrebtova I.S. leg.; one specimen from Razdolnaya River is kept in ZIN collection, accession number 3. Description: The shell is large, triangular, and the ventral margin is rounded (Fig. 6). The umbo issignificantly prominent and slightly offset. Sculpture is represented by well-marked deep concentric ridges; the width of the ribs and distance between them are variable in the same specimen. External shell coloration varies from dark brown, greenish brown to yellow–brown, sometimes with light or dark concentric bands. Internal shell coloration varies from matte white with pale violet marks to light purple. Hinge has a heterodont dentition type, with three cardinal teeth on each valve and two crenulated lateral teeth. Siphons conical, both narrow, with a row of short papillae. Black pigment is concentrated in rings internally at the base of both siphons and in the edge of the mantle forming the siphons. The outer surface of the siphons is white; on the inside, the siphons are bright orange. The papillae of both siphons are without dark rings. Corbicula elatior is dioecious. Differential diagnosis: This species could be distinguished from the sympatric Corbicula leana, C. f l u m i n e a a n d C. j a p o n i c a b y t h e f o l l o w i n g combination of characters: larger size, significantly prominent umbo, well-marked deep concentric ridges, external shell with light or dark concentric bands, the siphons without dark pigmentation and with short papillae. Distribution: East Asia: Amur River and the Korean Peninsula (Graf & Cummings, 2021). The records of this species in the South Primorye Region (Razdolnaya River) and China (Itunghe River) (Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987) need to be checked. Comments: Considering that the samples from the Lower Amur River are genetically identical to the samples from the Seomjin River (South Korea) collected by Park & Kim (2003), we also analysed the original descriptions of some nominal species described from South Korea: C. producta, C. elatior, C. colorata and C. papyracea. Presumably, C. producta is a junior synonym of C. fluminea (for details, see Discussion). According to their original descriptions (Heude, 1887; von Martens, 1905), C. colorata and C. papyracea are small clams with a flattened umbo. At the same time, the specimens of Corbicula from the Lower Amur River are distinguished by a relatively large shell and prominent umbo. We were unable to find any significant conchological differences between our samples of Corbicula from the Lower Amur and the type specimens of nominal species described by Bogatov & Starobogatov (1994) (Figs 6, 7). The original morphological description of C. elatior published by von Martens (1905) (Fig. 7E) corresponds well to the morphological features of our samples from the Lower Amur River. Hence, we assume that C. elatior represents a species endemic to the Far East of Russia and the Korean Peninsula. The nominal species C. amurensis, C. neƲelskoyi and C. sirotskii are considered here junior synonyms of C. elatior., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on pages 116-119, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["von Martens E. 1905. Koreanische Susswasser-Mollusken. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 8: 23 - 70.","Lindholm WA. 1925. Ueber der Vorkommen der Gattung Corbicula in Ussuri-Gebiete. Doklady Rossiyskoi Akademii Nauk: 29 - 32.","Bogatov VV, Starobogatov YI. 1994. Genus Corbicula in the Amur River (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 4: 147 - 150.","Glaubrecht M, Feher Z, Kohler F. 2007. Inventorizing an invader: annotated type catalogue of Corbiculidae Gray, 1847 (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroidea), including Old World limnic Corbicula in the Natural History Museum Berlin. Malacologia 49: 243 - 272.","Graf DL, Cummings KS. 2021. The freshaeater mussels (Unionoida) of the aeorld (and other less consequential biValVes), updated 28 May 2021. MUSSEL Project Web Site. Available at: http: // www. mussel-project. net /","Zatravkin MN, Bogatov VV. 1987. Large biValVe mollusks of the fresh and brackish aeaters of Far East of the USSR. A guide. Vladivostok: Far Eastern Branch of the Soviet Academy of Sciences.","Park JK, Kim W. 2003. Two Corbicula (Corbiculidae: Bivalvia) mitochondrial lineages are widely distributed in Asian freshwater environment. Molecular Phylogenetics and EVolution 29: 529 - 539.","Heude MP. 1887. Conchyliologie fluViatile de la proVince de Nanking [et de la Chine centrale]., Vol. 10, pl. 5, fig. 24. Paris: F. Savy."]}

CORBICULA JAPONICA PRIME, 1864 Corbicula japonica Prime, 1864: 68 (Japan, without a precise locality) = Corbicula biformis Reinhardt, 1877: 70 (Japan, ‘Jedo’ = Tokyo) = Cyrena (Corbicula) leana von Martens, 1877: 119, non Prime, 1864 (Yokohama) = Cyrena (Corbicula) transƲersa von Martens, 1877: 120 (Yokohama) = Cyrena yokohamensis G.B. Sowerby II, 1877: pl. 12, fig. 55 (Yokohama) = Corbicula oƲalis Reinhardt, 1878: 192, pl. 5, fig. 5, non Prime, 1860 (Japan) = Corbicula fuscata var. atrata Reinhardt, 1878: 191, pl. 5, fig. 4 (Japan) = Corbicula doenitziana Clessin, 1879: 197, pl. 39, fig. 4 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula martensii Clessin, 1879: 196, pl. 38, figs 17, 18 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula reiniana Clessin, 1879: 196, pl. 39, figs 8, 9 (Japan, Yokohama) = Corbicula sadoensis Pilsbry, 1901: 406 (Japan, Sado) H, C. elatior from the Lower Amur River (lot no. RMBH Corb 0015/1). I, longitudinal section of the siphon. J, gills. K, outgrowths on the mantle edge on the different parts of the mantle. L, section of the female gonad. M, section of the male gonad. Scale bars: 1 cm in A; 1 mm in B, F, G, J, K; 2 mm in D, E, H, I; 0.2 mm in L; 0.1 mm in M. Photographs: O.V. Aksenova. TAXONOMY OF NATIVE AND INVASIVE CLAMS 115 = Corbicula nipponensis Pilsbry, 1907: 159, pl. 7, figs 3, 4 (Japan, Kiogawaranuma, Mutsu) = Corbicula nipponensis delicata Pilsbry, 1907: 160, pl. 7, figs 11, 12 (Japan, Imaegata, Kaga) = Corbicula suifuensis var. finitima Lindholm, 1927: 552, pl. 32, fig. 2 [Russia, Primorye Region, estuary of the Mai-khé River (nowadays Artemovka)], synon. nov. = Corbicula fluminalis var. extrema Lindholm, 1927: 550 (Russia, Primorye Region, and Sakhalin Island) = Corbicula fluminea Zhadin, 1952: 317, non O.F. Müller, 1774, partim. = Corbicula lindholmi Kursalova & Starobogatov, 1971: 94 [Russia, Primorye Region, the lower course of the Pachikheza River (nowadays Kiparisovka) River)], synon. nov. Type material: Syntypes ZMB 32.198 (two pairs of valves ex coll. Gundlach; ‘ Corbicula japonica Prime, Japan, Gulick, Prime’); syntypes ZMB 170.411 (two pairs of valves ex coll. Dunker; ‘ Corbula japonica, von Mr Prime selbst erhalten’) inspected during this work. According to Glaubrecht et al. (2007), three other specimens (presumable syntypes) are kept in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA (not seen). Type locality: ‘ Japonia (fide Gulick) collect. Wheatley, Jay, Browne, Cooper, Lyc. Hist. Nat., Prime and Lea’ = Japan (Glaubrecht et al., 2007). Material examined: Far East of Russia: Artemovka, Kiparisovka, Razdolnaya, Partizanskaya and Kievka rivers, in total 194 specimens; IX.2020, Aksenova O. V., Bespalaya Yu. V., Kropotin A. V., Travina O. V., Vinarski M. V.leg.[lot nos RMBH Corb 54 and RMBH Corb 113–119], 43 specimens from the Razdolnaya and Artemovka rivers are kept in LMBI (accession numbers 21-043 and 21-045). Description: Shell relatively large, oval–triangular (Fig. 5). The umbo is centrally located and prominent. External shell colour varies from olive or greenish brown to black. The exterior exhibits concentric sculpture with regular ribs. Internal shell coloration matte white, with pale violet or dark purple marks in the area of the umbo. Hinge of the heterodont dentition type, with three cardinal teeth on each valve and two crenulated lateral teeth. Shell sculpture of young individuals characterized by well-marked concentric ridges and pronounced transverse stripes; shell coloration is lighter than in adults. Nacre varies from pure purple to purple with wide white marks. Siphons conical, both narrow. Inhalant siphon with a row of long papillae and with an additional row of short papillae. Black pigment is concentrated in rings internally at the base of both siphons and in the edge of the mantle forming the siphons. The outer surface of the siphons is white; on the inside, the siphons are bright orange. Larger papillae of the inhalant siphon, with dark rings. Distribution: East Asia: the Japan Sea (including some lakes and rivers near the sea), Korea, southern Sakhalin, southern Kurile Islands and the lower reaches of the Amur River (Glaubrecht et al., 2003; Yamada et al., 2014; Vinarski & Kantor, 2016)., Published as part of Bespalaya, Yulia V., Kropotin, Alexander V., Kondakov, Alexander V., Aksenova, Olga V., Gofarov, Mikhail Yu., Kim, Sang Ki, Lee, Jin Hee, Travina, Oksana V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Vinarski, Maxim V. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2023, A taxonomic reassessment of native and invasive species of Corbicula clams (Bivalvia: Cyrenidae) from the Russian Far East and Korea, pp. 104-126 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 197 (1) on pages 112-115, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac078, http://zenodo.org/record/7499536, {"references":["Prime T. 1864. Notes on species of the family Corbiculadae, with figures. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of Neae York 8: 57 - 92.","von Martens E. 1905. Koreanische Susswasser-Mollusken. Zoologische Jahrbucher Supplement 8: 23 - 70.","Bogatov VV, Starobogatov YI. 1994. Genus Corbicula in the Amur River (Bivalvia, Corbiculidae). Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 4: 147 - 150.","Reinhardt O. 1877. [Herr Reinhardt legte eine Anzahl japanischer Land und Susswassermollusken]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Jarhgang 1877: 67 - 70.","von Martens E. 1877. [Herr von Martens gab im Anschluss an den vorhergehenden Vortrag eine Uebersicht uber die von den Herren Dr. Fr. Hilgendorf und Dr. W. Donitz in Japan gesammelten Binnenmollusken]. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin. Jarhgang: 97 - 123.","Sowerby GB II. 1877. Monograph of the genus Cyrena. In: Conchologia iconica, or illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals, Vol. 20, London: L. Reeve, pl. 1, 1 - 19 and unpaginated text.","Reinhardt O. 1878. Ueber japanische Corbicula - Arten. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 5: 185 - 194.","Prime T. 1860. Descriptions of new shells from the collection of Hugh Cuming, Esq. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 28: 319 - 322.","Clessin S. 1879. Die Familie der Cycladeen. In: Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet Von Martini und Chemnitz. Nurnberg: Verlag von Bauer & Raspe. S. 201 - 283, pl. 43 - 46.","Pilsbry HA. 1901. New Japanese marine, land and fresh-water Mollusca. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 53: 385 - 408.","Pilsbry HA. 1907. On Japanese species of Corbicula. Annotationes Zoologiae Japonenses 6: 153 - 160.","Lindholm WA. 1927. Zur kenntnis der Corbicula-Formen (Lamellibranchiata) Sudost-Sibiriens. Ezhegodnik Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR 28: 550 - 554.","Zhadin VI. 1952. Mollusca of fresh and brackish waters of the USSR. Opredeliteli po faune SSSR, izdavaemye Zoologicheskim institutom AN SSSR. Moscoae-Leningrad: SoVetskaya Nauka, 43: 1 - 346.","Muller O. F. 1774. Vermium terrestrium et fluViatilium, seu animalium infusorium, Helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. vol 2: I - XXXVI, 1 - 214, 10 unnumbered pages. Havniae et Lipsiae, apud Heineck et Faber, ex officina Molleriana.","Kursalova VI, Starobogatov YI. 1971. Mollusks of the genus Corbicula of the Antropogene of North and West Asia and Europe. In: Molluscs, trends, methods and results of their inVestigation. Fourth meeting on the Investigation of Mollus с s. Abstracts of communications. Moskva, Nauka, 93 - 96 [in Russian].","Glaubrecht M, Feher Z, Kohler F. 2007. Inventorizing an invader: annotated type catalogue of Corbiculidae Gray, 1847 (Bivalvia, Heterodonta, Veneroidea), including Old World limnic Corbicula in the Natural History Museum Berlin. Malacologia 49: 243 - 272.","Glaubrecht M, von Rintelen T, Korniushin AV. 2003. Towards a systematic revision of brooding freshwater Corbiculidae in southeast Asia (Bivalvia, Veneroida): on shell morphology, anatomy and molecular phylogenetics of endemic taxa from islands in Indonesia. Malacologica 45: 1 - 40.","Yamada M, Ishibashi R, Toyoda K, Kawamura K, Komaru A. 2014. Phylogeography of the brackish water clam Corbicula japonica around the Japanese archipelago inferred from mitochondrial COII gene sequences. Zoological Science 31: 168 - 179.","Vinarski MV, Kantor YI. 2016. Analytical catalogue of fresh and brackish aeater molluscs of Russia and adjacent countries. Moscow: A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of RAS."]}

Barbronia gwalagwalensis Westergren & Siddall, 2004 Figures 3-6 Type. Holotype, AMNH Annelida 5261, fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stored in 70% ethanol (American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA). Type locality. ��� Maia���s Dam, Gwalagwala, a tented-camp near Hoedspruit, South Africa ��� (Westergren & Siddall 2004). Material examined. MYANMAR: Salween River drainage, Lake Inle basin, Kyee Phyu Lake, 20.8142��N, 96.9690��E, 23.ii.2018, 2 specimens, fixed in 96% ethanol [voucher RMBH Hir_58_3; one specimen sequenced: COI acc. no. MN 295405]. The sample is deposited in the RMBH ��� Russian Museum of Biodiversity Hotspots, N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, Russia. Morphology of Myanmar���s sample. Small leeches, 10���15 mm long (ethanol-preserved specimens). Body subcylindrical, vermiform, tapering anteriorly and posteriorly. Dorsum light brown. Three pairs of eyespots: first dorsal, on II; second and third pairs dorsolateral on IV, and separated from anterior pair by four complete annuli. Caudal sucker directed ventrally. Clitellum indistinct (juveniles), with male and female gonopores separated by seven and one-half annuli, and with two accessory copulatory pores ventrally: one anterior of the male gonopore at X/XI, and second posterior of the female gonopore at XIII/XIV. Three pairs of pharyngeal stylets. These features correspond well to the protologue of the species, although the type series comprised full-grown adults up to 25 mm long with pronounced clitellum and distinct accessory copulatory pores (Westergren & Siddall 2004). Habitat. The specimens were collected on a submerged bamboo stick and an empty shell of the freshwater mussel species Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale) found near the shore of a shallow eutrophic lake with silty bottom and rich aquatic plant assemblages. They co-occurred with the freshwater glossiphonid species Alboglossiphonia sp. (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) [voucher no. RMBH 58_2; COI acc. no. MN 295404] and the triclad species Dugesia sp. (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) [voucher no. RMBH 58_1]. The Dugesia species was very abundant. Distribution. This species appears to be widespread throughout the Paleotropical Region as it was found in South Africa, Southeast Asia (Myanmar), and East Asia (Korea). The occurrence from the Durance River (Rh��ne Basin) in southeastern France (Corse et al. 2017) most likely reflects a recent human-mediated or native dispersal event towards southern Europe. Comments. The nominal taxon Trocheta quadrioculata Oka, 1922 was described from the Inle Lake in Myanmar (Oka 1922). The type locality of this species is close to our finding of B. gwalagwalensis (ca. 25-30 km SSW). Currently, Inle Lake���s taxon is placed within Salifidae as Odontobdella quadrioculata (see Nesemann & Sharma 2012). Based on the protologue (Oka 1922), it does not have accessory copulatory pores and, hence, cannot be linked to the genus Barbronia (see Westergren & Siddall 2004). The fauna of the family Salifidae in Myanmar seems to be largely underestimated, and comprises only two species, i.e. B. gwalagwalensis and O. quadrioculata., Published as part of Klass, Anna L., Kondakov, Alexander V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Lunn, Zau, Chan, Nyein, Gofarov, Mikhail Y. & Bolotov, Ivan N., 2021, Is the South African leech Barbronia gwalagwalensis Westergren & Siddall, 2004 (Hirudinida: Erpobdelliformes: Salifidae) a Paleotropical species?, pp. 585-595 in Zootaxa 4974 (3) on pages 589-591, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/4778124, {"references":["Westergren, S. & Siddall, M. E. (2004) Two new species of salifid leeches (Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes: Salifidae) from South Africa and Madagascar. American Museum Novitates, 3456, 1 - 6. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2004) 456 2.0. CO; 2","Corse, E., Meglecz, E., Archambaud, G., Ardisson, M., Martin, J. F., Tougard, C., Chappaz, R. & Dubut, V. (2017) A from benchtop to desktop workflow for validating HTS data and for taxonomic identification in diet metabarcoding studies. Molecular Ecology Resources, 17 (6), e 146 - e 159. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / 1755 - 0998.12703","Oka, A. (1922) Hirudinea from Inle Lake, S. Shan States, Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 24, 521 - 534.","Nesemann, H. & Sharma, G. (2012) Description of a new species of the leech family Salifidae (Odontobdella krishna sp. nov.) from the River Ganga at Patna, Bihar (India). Records of the Zoological Survey of India, 111 (3), 1 - 7."]}

Klass, Anna L., Kondakov, Alexander V., Vikhrev, Ilya V., Bespalaya, Yulia V., Lunn, Zau, Chan, Nyein, Gofarov, Mikhail Y., Bolotov, Ivan N. (2021): Is the South African leech Barbronia gwalagwalensis Westergren & Siddall, 2004 (Hirudinida: Erpobdelliformes: Salifidae) a Paleotropical species? Zootaxa 4974 (3): 585-595, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.7