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The impetus for our systematic review came from a series of international studies that show that physicians often suffer from work stress and burnout. The reasons for this seem to be mainly found in the working conditions. However, we assume that "intrinsic" factors also play a role. Early maladaptive schemata (MS) can serve as markers for intrinsic stress. A schema comprises permanent, unfavorable patterns of feelings, thoughts and memories that control behavior in a concrete situation. The multi-layered concept of schemata appears to be more meaningful than rather one-dimensional personality traits. Consequently, intrinsic factors are of great importance when it comes to the development of prevention and support measures for strained physicians and psychotherapists. In order to get an overview of the data available so far, we are planning a systematic review of international studies on gratification crises (effort-reward-imbalance) and MS among physicians and psychotherapists. For this purpose, a systematic literature search in the years from 2000 to 2020 in the databases Pubmed, Psyndex and Google Scholar will be conducted. As search terms we define "schema", "maladaptive schema" combined with "physician", "psychiatrist", "psychotherapist", "psychologist". These shall further be linked with the search terms "effort reward (imbalance)" or "effort-reward (imbalance)". In the medium to long term, the presentation of previous data on occupational stress (effort-reward imbalance), mental health (burnout) and maladaptive schemata can form the basis for the further investigation of occupational stress factors by physicians and psychotherapists. Consequently the study presentation makes an important contribution to the development of individualized, tailored psychotherapeutic prevention and intervention services.

Introduction: Epidemics lead to an increase in occupational stress and psychological strain among healthcare workers. However, the impact of a pandemic outbreak on healthcare systems is yet to be clearly defined. Therefore, this work aims to describe and analyze specific areas of workload among different groups of healthcare workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A sample of N = 8088 persons working in the German-speaking healthcare sector participated in the VOICE/egePan online survey, which addressed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic during the second quarter of 2020. We used 15 self-constructed items, based on the work of Matsuishi et al. (2012), to identify potential COVID-19-specific topics. Results: N = 7542 records of healthcare workers were analyzed. Of these, 60.80% reported, retrospectively, an increase in stress since the outbreak of the pandemic. Problem areas tended to be indicated more frequently by the women surveyed than by the men. Nurses, paramedics and medical technicians reported the highest fear of infecting others while physicians reported the highest fear of physical or mental exhaustion. With respect to age, older respondents indicated less fear and felt more protected. Men and people living alone were more likely to use dysfunctional coping strategies. Migrants reported a higher fear of becoming infected or infecting others as well as they reported about increased levels of smoking. Discussion: Retrospectively, the COVID-19 pandemic led to an increase in stress among healthcare workers. Problem areas have different focuses with regard to different living situations, environmental conditions and professions. In order to lay the best basis for healthy and efficient work, it seems necessary to take measures especially tailored to the needs of different groups of healthcare workers., publishedVersion

Background and status of (inter)national research: The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting mental health worldwide, particularly among healthcare workers (HCWs). Question and objective: Risk and protective factors for depression and generalized anxiety in healthcare workers need to be identified to protect [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]

The COVID-19 pandemic is a continuing burden on society and the health system. The vaccination willingness among healthcare workers is of particular interest, as these groups play a key role in the pandemic response.The present study investigated how the willingness of healthcare workers in Germany to get vaccinated depends on sociodemographic, occupational, and COVID-19-specific characteristics, as well as mental health.Between November 2020 and January 2021, 6217 employees in the German healthcare system were questioned about their vaccination willingness, sociodemographic, occupational, COVID-19-specific, and psychosocial characteristics using the online VOICE survey within the framework of the University Medicine Network (NUM).The vaccination willingness of the sample group was 65.3%. A higher vaccination willingness was associated with male gender; age 40 years; having no children or no migration background; not working in direct patient care; belonging to a COVID-19 risk group or professional group of physicians and psychologists in comparison with nursing staff; feeling sufficiently informed about COVID-19 and protected by the measures of the national or local authorities and the employer; fear of infection; and lack of signs of depression. Physicians showed the highest willingness to get vaccinated.During the study period, an overall moderate vaccination willingness against COVID-19 in the health sector was described. Information about the disease and vaccination, especially for younger people, females, and non-physicians, adequate protective measures and prevention of depressive symptoms could increase the vaccination willingness.HINTERGRUND: Die COVID-19-Pandemie stellt eine anhaltende Belastung für die Gesellschaft und das Gesundheitssystem dar. Die Bereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals zur COVID-19-Impfung ist aufgrund seiner Schlüsselrolle in der Pandemiebewältigung besonders relevant.Die Studie untersuchte die Impfbereitschaft des Gesundheitspersonals in Deutschland in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen und COVID-19-spezifischen Merkmalen sowie psychischer Gesundheit.Zwischen November 2020 und Januar 2021 wurden 6217 Beschäftigte im deutschen Gesundheitswesen mithilfe der Onlinebefragung VOICE im Rahmen des Netzwerks Universitätsmedizin (NUM) zu ihrer Impfbereitschaft, ihren soziodemografischen, berufsbezogenen, COVID-19-spezifischen und psychosozialen Daten befragt.Die Impfbereitschaft der Stichprobe lag bei 65,3 %. Mit einer höheren Impfbereitschaft assoziiert waren: männliches Geschlecht, Alter 40 Jahre, keine Kinder und keinen Migrationshintergrund zu haben, keine Tätigkeit in der direkten Patientenversorgung, Zugehörigkeit zu einer COVID-19-Risikogruppe, Zugehörigkeit zur Berufsgruppe der Ärztinnen und Ärzte und der Psychologinnen und Psychologen im Vergleich mit den Pflegekräften, ausreichende Informiertheit über COVID-19 und der wahrgenommene Schutz durch die Maßnahmen nationaler/lokaler Behörden und des Arbeitgebers, Angst vor Infektion sowie keine Anzeichen von Depression. Die höchste Impfbereitschaft zeigten Ärztinnen und Ärzte.Die Bereitschaft zur COVID-19-Impfung im Gesundheitswesen war im beschriebenen Zeitraum insgesamt als mäßig einzuschätzen. Informationen über die Krankheit und Impfung, vor allem für jüngere, weibliche und nichtärztliche Beschäftigte, angemessene Schutzmaßnahmen und die Prävention depressiver Symptome könnten die Impfbereitschaft erhöhen.

Background: Physicians, especially psychiatrists, have a high risk of job-related stress, and mental impairment. In our study we examined changes in private and occupational stress factors and mental health within a decade. The legislative reduction of physicians' working hours in Germany during this period made it possible to investigate the impact of working hours in particular. Methods: Questionnaires were administered at two psychiatrist meetings (2006 and 2016) about job and family situation, depressiveness, burnout and effort-reward imbalance. A total of N = 1,797 datasets were analyzed. Results: Working hours and free weekends were associated with mental health indices. Correlation analyses showed that a reduction in weekly working hours and working days at weekends was related to reduced scores for effort-reward-imbalance, burnout and depression. Conclusions: Our data show changes in workplace stress and mental health in psychiatrists in a decade in which a reduction in working hours has been required by law. These results can provide indications of effective prevention strategies in the professional context of physicians working in psychiatry., publishedVersion