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This study aimed to evaluate the performance, carcass yield and intestinal morphometry of 1- to 21-day-old broiler chickens fed a diet containing increasing levels of sunflower cake, supplemented with or without an enzyme complex (EC). We used 1200 Cobb 500 birds, which were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2x5 factorial scheme and five levels of sunflower cake inclusion (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%) in diets supplemented or not with EC. Each treatment consisted of 5 replicates. Animals were fed the experimental diets from 1 to 21 days of age and from 22 to 42 days all birds received the same feed based on corn and soybean meal. There was no interaction between the level of sunflower cake inclusion and presence of EC. From 1 to 21 days of age, the weight gain, final weight, and feed intake linearly decreased (P

The values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME), the AME corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn) and their respective metabolization coefficients (CME and CMEn) of crude glycerin were determined utilizing the total excreta collection method with broiler chickens at different ages. A randomized complete design was used, with six treatments, six replications and ten, five and four birds per experimental unit in the periods from 11 to 20 days, from 21 to 30 days and from 31 to 40 days of age, respectively. The test food replaced the reference diet in 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15% and the experimental period lasted ten days, five of which for adaptation and five for total collection. The AME and AMEn values in the phase from 11 to 20 days ranged from 2723 to 3817 and from 2672 to 3666 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 21 to 30 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3723 to 3982 and from 3555 to 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectively. In the phase from 31 to 40 days the AME and AMEn values ranged from 3029 to 4143 and from 2975 to 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectively. The values of CME and CMEn linearly decreased from 11 to 20 days of age, ranging from 87.39 to 62.90 and 84.41 to 61.53%, respectively. During the phase from 21 to 30 days the coefficients also linearly decreased, ranging from 91.70 to 84.30 for CME and from 90.80 to 81.40% for CMEn. In contrast, during the phase from 31 to 40 days, the coefficients linearly increased, values ranging from 95.39 to 69.76 for CME and from 93.21 to 68.51% for CMEn. The crude glycerin can be used as an energy source in broiler diets, because it has high levels of metabolizable energy. However, the values of AME and AMEn and the metabolization coefficients of crude glycerin vary according to the levels in the reference diet and age of the birds. Os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), EMA corrigida pela retenção de nitrogênio (EMAn) e seus respectivos coeficientes de metabolizabilidade (CMA e CMAn) da glicerina bruta foram determinados em frangos de corte utilizando-se o método de coleta total de excretas em diferentes idades. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos, seis repetições e dez, cinco e quatro aves por unidade experimental para as fases de 11 a 20 dias, de 21 a 30 dias e de 31 a 40 dias, respectivamente. O alimento teste substituiu a ração referência em 0; 3; 6; 9; 12 e 15%, sendo que o período experimental teve duração de dez dias, dos quais cinco foram de adaptação e cinco de coleta total de excretas. Os valores de EMA e EMAn para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade variaram de 2723 a 3817 e de 2672 a 3666 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 dias os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3723 a 3982 e de 3555 a 3945 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Na fase de 31 a 40 dias os valores de EMA e EMAn variaram de 3029 a 4143 e de 2975 a 4048 kcal/kg-1, respectivamente. Os valores de CMA e CMAn, para a fase de 11 a 20 dias de idade reduziram linearmente, variando de 87,39 a 62, 90 e de 84,41 a 61,53%, respectivamente. Na fase de 21 a 30 dias os coeficientes também reduziram linearmente, variando de 91,70 a 84,30 para CMA e de 90,80 a 81,40% para CMAn. Em contraste, durante a fase de 31 a 40 dias, os coeficientes apresentaram efeito linear crescente, valores estes que variaram de 95,39 a 69,76 para CMA e de 93,21 a 68,51% para CMAn. A glicerina bruta pode ser utilizada como fonte energética na alimentação de frangos de corte, pois apresenta valores elevados de energia metabolizável. No entanto, os valores de EMA e EMAn e seus coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da glicerina bruta variam de acordo com os níveis de inclusão na ração referência e da idade das aves.

This trial aimed to evaluate the bioavailability of DL-2-hydroxy-4-(methyl) butanoic acid (DL-HMBA) and a poly-herbal ingredient (PHI) in relation to DL-methionine (DLM) on broilers. A sample of 1100 broiler chickens of the Cobb 500 strain, both male and female, were fed either a basal diet without industrial methionine supplementation or a basal diet that was supplemented with three DL-HMBA levels (0.170, 0.340, and 0.511%) or three DLM levels (0.111, 0.221, and 0.332%) in an amount equivalent to 65% of the respective DL-HMBA levels (on a product weight basis) and three levels of PHI (0.111, 0.221, and 0.332%) in amounts equivalent to the used DLM levels from 1 to 21 days of age. The simultaneous linear regression analysis (slope ratio) revealed a relative bioavailability of DL-HMBA of 39% compared to that of DLM for weight gain and 44% for feed conversion. However, the performance data from birds that were supplemented with PHI did not significantly adjust to simultaneous regression designs; therefore, it was not possible to determine the PHI bioavailability in relation to the DLM. Considering together all of the studied parameters, the relative bioavailability of DL-HMBA was 42% compared to the DLM on a product basis. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de DL-2-hidroxi-4- (metil) butanoico (DL-HMB) y de un poli ingrediente herbal (PIE) en relación con DL-metionina (DLM) en pollos de engorde. 1100 pollos Cobb 500, machos y hembras, fueron alimentados con una dieta basal sin suplementación de metionina industrial, o una dieta suplementada con tres niveles de DL-HMB (0,170; 0,340; 0,511%), o tres niveles de DLM (0,111; 0,221; 0,332%) en una cantidad equivalente al 65% del nivel de DL-HMB o tres niveles de PIE (0,111; 0,221; 0,332%), en una cantidad equivalente a los niveles de DLM, de 1 a 21 días de edad. El análisis de regresión lineal simultánea (slope ratio) reveló biodisponibilidad relativa de 39% de DL-HMB, en comparación con el DLM para aumentar el peso y de 44% para la conversión alimenticia. Sin embargo, los datos de rendimiento de las aves suplementadas con PIE no se ajustaron significativamente a los modelos de regresión simultáneos, por consiguiente, no es posible determinar la biodisponibilidad relativa del PIE a la DLM. Consideran todos los parámetros estudiados, la biodisponibilidad relativa de DL-HMB fue del 42% en comparación con el DLM en la base del producto.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:47:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eveline_Berwanger.pdf: 1210601 bytes, checksum: 73d43dc49010c0ac9be8f84d2084e18a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-12 Fundação Araucária Four experiments were conducted in order to carry out the assessment of nutritional sunflower cake for broilers. The Sunflower cake samples used in the experiments were submitted bromatological analysis. The first study aimed to evaluate the energy values of sunflower cake for broilers using the method of total excreta collection. For this work were used 100 broiler chickens 21-31 days old. The birds were fed diets containing 10, 20, 30 and 40% inclusion of sunflower cake in a reference diet (kg / kg), and each treatment consisted of 4 replicates. After the experimental period, the feces were dried, and then analyzed, thereby obtaining energy values and total nitrogen. With these results were calculated apparent metabolizable energy and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance and its coefficients. The second experiment evaluated the influence of the period and amount of sunflower cake provided to cockerels on the digestibility of amino acids. The birds were divided into three treatments, which corresponded to supply 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g with an interval of 12 h), providing 30 g of sunflower cake (15 g with an interval of 24 h), and only 15 g of sunflower cake through forced feeding technique. Alongside the treatments, 6 roosters were fasted for 56 h of collection period cocks under treatment for correction of metabolic and endogenous losses. Samplings were made of the excreta and after the end of the experiment the samples were sent for analysis of amino acids using HPLC. The results of digestibility coefficients were subjected to Tukey's test. In the third and fourth experiment we evaluated the performance and carcass yield and cuts, as well as the intestinal morphology and viability of inclusion of sunflower cake in the feed of broilers at different stages. In these experiments, the birds were distributed in a completely randomized design. We used a 2x5 factorial arrangement, with five levels of inclusion of sunflower cake (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% in the diet), with or without the addition of enzyme complex. The third experiment evaluated these treatments during 1-21 days of age and the total period of 1 to 42 days, but 22-42 days of age, these animals received the same diet (growing and finishing). In the fourth experiment the inclusion of sunflower cake in the diet was tested for broilers during 22 to 42 days old. Statistical analyzes used were variance analysis will, polynomial regression and Dunnett test will 5% probability. The chemical composition observed for sunflower cake was 92.17% DM, 24.37% CP, 23.80% EE, 35.32% NDF, 22.30% ADF, 4.10% MM, 0.725% Calcium, 0.228% total phosphorus and 4,819 Kcal.Kg EB-1. The AME, AMEn, CMA and CMAN for sunflower cake were 2211.68 kcal / kg, 2150.54 kcal / kg, 45.47% and 44.73%, respectively. The amino acids digestibility coefficient (ADC) evaluated in the second experiment was changed due to the amount of food provided in the feeding method, and when used only 15 g, ADC values were underestimated. The lysine, histidine and threonine amino acids were at lower digestibility, and arginine and methionine showed the highest digestibility of sunflower cake for birds. The results of the third and fourth experiments showed no interaction between inclusion level and enzymes to the parameters evaluated. In experiment III, for the results at 21 days, there was no effect (P> 0.05) enzyme only on the productive efficiency. However, considering the inclusion levels, weight gain, final weight and feed intake decrease showed linear (P 0.05) at 0%. In the fourth experiment, feeding the birds 22-42 days of age, increased with increasing levels of inclusion of sunflower cake in the diet. There was no effect of any of the variables tested for carcass yield, cuts and offal, however, for the carcass, diets with inclusion from 15% differed (P 0,05) de enzimas apenas sobre o índice de eficiência produtiva. No entanto, considerando os níveis de inclusão, o ganho de peso, o peso final e o consumo de ração apresentaram decréscimo linear (P0,05) ao nível de 0%. Já no quarto experimento, a conversão alimentar das aves de 22 a 42 dias de idade, aumentou conforme o aumento dos níveis de inclusão da torta de girassol na dieta. Não houve efeito dos níveis testados para nenhuma das variáveis de rendimento de carcaça, cortes e vísceras, no entanto, para o rendimento de carcaça, as dietas com a inclusão a partir de 15% diferiram (P