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For several decades, experiments have shown the behavior under shock of materials featuring phase transitions. They exhibit shock splitting and rarefaction shocks. If the main phenomena are now understood, most studies are limited to the qualitative behavior, and a quantitative analysis of experimental results remains to be done in most cases involving complex materials, waves or geometries. In the present study, we have undertaken calculations on ice to reproduce quantitatively an impact experiment on ice with double phase transition. We have built a six phases equation of state (EOS) for ice which reproduces experimental equilibrium phase diagram and Hugoniot curves. Our first hydro calculations provide the pressure levels, but exhibit an elastic precursor and kinetics of phase transition effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high power Laser Megajoule (LMJ) will be constructed at CEA/DAM/CESTA near Bordeaux, in the south west part of France. Among the problems encountered in the LMJ experimental chamber, there is the impact of the debris produced after a laser shot on the silica optical windows. The production of debris as well as the behavior of optical materials under their influence can be simulated and studied with a pulsed electron beam. We present in this paper the first experimental results obtained by this original technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]