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International audience; Diese Fallstudie basiert auf einem kulturanthropologischen Forschungsprogramm, und schlägt ein forschungsbasiertes Ausbildungsprogramm vor, das formale Voraussetzungen für die effektive Vermittlung von Regeln im Rahmen der alltäglichen Unterrichtspraxis zwischen zwei erfahrenen Lehrern festlegt, die im selben Kindergarten arbeiten. Um sich beruflich weiterzuentwickeln, durchliefen die beiden Lehrer (der eine in der Rolle des «Peer-Trainers» und der andere in der Rolle des «geschulten Peers») drei Trainingselemente: (i) Unterstützung des Peer-Trainers/der Peer-Trainerin bei der Vermittlung einer klareren Vorstellung von den Regeln, die für seine/ihre Praxis gelten und die zu vermitteln sind, (ii) direkte Vermittlung dieser Regeln durch den PeerTrainer/die Peer-Trainerin an den/die geschulte(n) Peer und (iii) zwei praktische Umsetzungen durch den/die geschulte(n) Peer, jeweils gefolgt von einer begleitenden Aktivität in Form einer Supervision durch den/die Peer-Trainer/in. Die erzielten Ergebnisse zeigen (a) das Erlernen einer neuen Regel durch den geschulten Peer, die es ihm ermöglicht, eine berufliche Schwierigkeit z; This case study proposes, based on an anthropocultural research program, a research-based training scheme that creates the formal conditions for the effective transmission of the rules of ordinary pedagogical practice between two experienced teachers working in the same nursery school. In order to produce their professional development, the two teachers (one in the role of “peer trainer” and the other in the role of “trained peer”)underwent three training episodes : (i) prior access by the peer trainer to a clearer vision of the rules governing his practice to be transmitted (ii) ostensive teaching of these rules by the peer trainer to the trained peer and (iii) two implementations by the trained peer followed each time by an accompanying activity in the form of supervision of the peer trainer. The results obtained show (a) the learning of a new rule by the trained peerenabling him/her to solve a professional difficulty as well as (b) the professional development of the peer trainer following his/her accompaniment of the practice of the trained peer; Cette étude de cas propose, à partir d’un programme de recherche anthropoculturel, un dispositif de formation adossé à la recherche qui crée les conditions formelles propices à la transmission efficace des règles d’une pratique pédagogique ordinaire entre deux enseignantes expérimentées exerçant au sein de la même école maternelle. Afin de produire leur développement professionnel, les deux enseignantes (l’une tenant le rôle de « pair formateur » et l’autre celui de « pair formé ») ont vécu trois épisodes de formation : (i) l’accès préalable du pair formateur à une vision plus claire des règles régissant sa pratique devant être transmise (ii) l’enseignement ostensif de ces règles par le pair formateur en direction du pair formé et (iii) deux mises en œuvre par le pair formé suivies à chaque fois d’une activité d’accompagnement sous forme de contrôle du pair formateur. Les résultats obtenus montrent (a) l’apprentissage d’une nouvelle règle par le pair formé lui permettant de résoudre une difficulté professionnelle ainsi que (b) le développement professionnel du pair formateur suite à son accompagnement de la pratique du pair formé.; Questo studio di caso propone, a partire da un programma di ricerca in antropologia culturale, un dispositivo di formazione che cerca di creare le condizioni formali per un’efficace trasmissione delle pratiche didatticheordinarie tra due insegnanti esperti che lavorano nella stessa scuola dell’infanzia. Per produrre il loro sviluppo professionale, i due insegnanti (uno nel ruolo di “peer trainer” e l’altro nel ruolo di “peer learner”) sono statisottoposti a tre momenti di formazione : (i) l’accesso preventivo da parte del peer trainer ad una visione più chiara delle regole che reggono la sua pratica da trasmetetre (ii) l’insegnamento “ostensivo” di queste regole da parte del peer trainer al peer learner e (iii) due implementazioni da parte del peer learner seguite da un accompagnamento sotto forma di supervisione da parte del peer trainer. I risultati ottenuti mostrano (a) l’apprendimento di una nuova regola da parte del peer learner che gli permette di risolvere una difficoltà professionale e (b) lo sviluppo professionale del peer trainer che realizza l’insegnamento del peer learner.

Cette étude de cas propose, à partir d’un programme de recherche anthropoculturel, un dispositif de formation adossé à la recherche qui crée les conditions formelles propices à la transmission efficace des règles d’une pratique pédagogique ordinaire entre deux enseignantes expérimentées exerçant au sein de la même école maternelle. Afin de produire leur développement professionnel, les deux enseignantes (l’une tenant le rôle de "pair formateur" et l’autre celui de "pair formé") ont vécu trois épisodes de formation : (i) l’accès préalable du pair formateur à une vision plus claire des règles régissant sa pratique devant être transmise (ii) l’enseignement ostensif de ces règles par le pair formateur en direction du pair formé et (iii) deux mises en oeuvre par le pair formé suivies à chaque fois d’une activité d’accompagnement sous forme de contrôle du pair formateur. Les résultats obtenus montrent (a) l’apprentissage d’une nouvelle règle par le pair formé lui permettant de résoudre une difficulté professionnelle ainsi que (b) le développement professionnel du pair formateur suite à son accompagnement de la pratique du pair formé. (DIPF/Orig.), This case study proposes, based on an anthropocultural research program, a research-based training scheme that creates the formal conditions for the effective transmission of the rules of ordinary pedagogical practice between two experienced teachers working in the same nursery school. In order to produce their professional development, the two teachers (one in the role of “peer trainer” and the other in the role of “trained peer”) underwent three training episodes : (i) prior access by the peer trainer to a clearer vision of the rules governing his practice to be transmitted (ii) ostensive teaching of these rules by the peer trainer to the trained peer and (iii) two implementations by the trained peer followed each time by an accompanying activity in the form of supervision of the peer trainer. The results obtained show (a) the learning of a new rule by the trained peer enabling him/her to solve a professional difficulty as well as (b) the professional development of the peer trainer following his/her accompaniment of the practice of the trained peer. (DIPF/Orig.)

AbstractThe gravity field of Callisto can be inferred using radio tracking data from a low-altitude orbiter around the icy moon. Orbit possibilities around Callisto are currently under study for the Gan De mission proposal [2]. However, gravity field recovery using Doppler observations is highly dependent on the orbit geometry. In this study, we will show the effect of different orbit constraints on the recoverability of Callisto’s gravity field parameters.1. IntroductionThe exploration of Callisto is part of the extensive interest in the icy moons characterization. In comparison to the other Galilean moons, Callisto has kept the best-preserved records of the Jovian system formation. As other missions will focus on Ganymede and Europa, mission proposals devoted to the exploration and characterization of Callisto are currently emerging [2][6].The Gan De mission [2] is at a very early planning stage. Led by the National Space Science Center (NSSC), Chinese Academy of Science (CAS), this mission aims to send an orbiter around Callisto in order to characterize its surface and interior. Its degree of differentiation will also be investigated as well as the possible existence of an internal ocean, as Galileo measurements suggested.As part of a global characterization of Callisto, the recovery of gravity field parameters is highly dependent on the orbital characteristics of the mission. In this presentation, we will analyze the impact of the orbit choice for an orbiter around Callisto.2. Exploring different orbitsMultiple flybys of Callisto are expected from the JUICE and the Europa Clipper missions [5]. Even if this will provide additional information on Callisto, the global mapping of the outermost Galilean moon will be uniquely improved by means of an orbiter from a high inclination and a low altitude. A specific difficulty in the orbit design in the Jovian system is related to the orbit stability, which is highly impacted by the influence of Jupiter as a third body exerting strong perturbations on a Callisto orbiter Another constraint is to maximize the illumination by the Sun for solar power, which is of importance especially for low-altitude probes in the outer solar system. These constraints will all have direct implications on the orbit parameters.In this presentation, we will select a number of different low Callisto orbits for Gan De, respecting different of the above mentioned constraints, and analyze and compare their scientific value for gravity field recovery. We will explore different altitudes, Sun beta angles, Earth beta angles and mission durations. We will also analyze the possibility to use repetitive ground track orbits [3].3. Gravity field recovery simulationUsing an extended force model, different reference orbits will be propagated in the planetary extension of the Bernese GNSS Software (BSW) [4]. Today, our knowledge of Callisto’s gravity field is restricted to the results of the Galileo mission, which provided resulting its coefficients up to degree 2 coefficients [1]. In this presentation we will make use of a synthetic gravity field as ground truth for our simulation. Realistic Doppler tracking data (2-way X-band Doppler range rate) will be simulated as measurements from the Deep Space Network. These observations will then be used to reconstruct the orbit along with dynamical parameters. The focus of this presentation is on the quality of the retrieved gravity field parameters and tidal Love number k2.Within this closed loop simulation, we will investigate the effect of the orbit geometry on the gravity field recovery. The effect of realistic tracking station schedule will also be considered, and an appropriate level of white noise will be added to synthetic Doppler observations.AcknowledgementsThis study has been funded with the support of the Swiss National Foundation (SNF).References[1] Anderson, J. D., et al. "Shape, mean radius, gravity field, and interior structure of Callisto." Icarus 153.1 (2001): 157-161.[2] Blanc, M. et al: Gan De: Science Objectives and Mission Scenarios for China’s Mission to the Jupiter System, EGU General Assembly 2020, Online, 4–8 May 2020, EGU2020-20179.[3] Cinelli, Marco, Christian Circi, and Emiliano Ortore. "Polynomial equations for science orbits around Europa." Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 122.3 (2015): 199-212.[4] Dach, R. et al. "Bernese GNSS software version 5.2." (2015).[5] Parisi, M. et al: "The gravity fields of Ganymede, Callisto and Europa: How well can JUICE do." Geophys. Res. Abstr. EGU2014 11758 (2014).[6] Smith, D. E., et al. "MAGIC, A Discovery Proposal to the Icy Moon Callisto." AGUFM 2019 (2019): P34C-03.