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International audience; Based on a previous study that demonstrated the beneficial effects of sonification on cycling performance, this study investigated which kinematic and muscular activities were changed to pedal effectively. An online error-based sonification strategy was developed, such that, when negative torque was applied to the pedal, a squeak sound was produced in real-time in the corresponding headphone. Participants completed four 6-min cycling trials with resistance values associated with their first ventilatory threshold. Different auditory display conditions were used for each trial (Silent, Right, Left, Stereo), where sonification was only presented for 20 s at the start of minutes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Joint kinematics and right leg muscular activities of 10 muscles were simultaneously recorded. Our results showed participants were more effective at pedalling when presented sonification, which was consistent with previously reported findings. In comparison to the Silent condition, sonification significantly limited ankle and knee joint ranges of motion and reduced muscular activations. These findings suggest performance-based sonification significantly affected participants to reduce the complexity of the task by altering the coordination of the degrees of freedom. By making these significant changes to their patterns, participants improved their cycling performance despite lowering joint ranges of motion and muscular activations.

International audience; In cyclism, the pedaling technique is rarely optimal but could be improved using sensory feedbacks. The most common media used to display data of cycling power meter is a small screen placed on the handlebars. However, it could be dangerous by distracting the visual attention of the cyclist. That is why auditive feedback, called sonification, is investigated. In this paper, the effects of auditive or visual feedbacks on pedaling technique (evolution of the torque effectiveness) are compared using a lab experimental setup when subjects were engaged or not in a dual-task paradigm (cycling and detecting obstacles on the road). Improvement of pedaling technique is observed with both auditory and visual feedbacks, and reaction times to detect obstacles were not different between all conditions. However, sonification allows gaze behaviors more centered on the road, i.e. more secure. These results suggest that sonification could be a good solution to improve pedaling technique.

International audience; Objectives: To evaluate the physiological requirements imposed by the current mountain biking Cross-Country Olympic (XCO) format. Methods: Sixteen Cross-Country cyclists competing at national or international level participated in this study. All participants completed a simulated and a real official race on a cycling-accredited race track. Oxygen consumption ((V) over dotO(2)) and heart rate (HR) values expressed as %(V) over dotO(2max) and %HRmax, respectively, were divided into three physiological intensity zones. The first zone (Z1) was the physiological region below VT1, the second zone (Z2) corresponded to a region between VT1 and VT2, and the third zone (Z3) was located between VT2 and VO2max . For power output, an additional fourth zone was considered above maximal aerobic power (MAP). Results: When competing in the current XCO format, 37.0 +/- 17.9% of the race is performed above the second ventilatory threshold at a mean intensity of 87% (V) over dotO(2max) and 25% of the race was spent above MAP. This contribution varied between laps, with a very high intensity during the first lap and more aerobic subsequent laps. The durations of most of the periods beyond MAP oscillated between 5 and 30 s. Between these short, repeated bursts, low-intensity periods of exercise were recorded. Conclusion: The current XCO race format is an acyclical and intermittent exercise comparable to high-intensity team sports. Moreover, our results highlight the relevance of (V) over dotO(2) values when analyzing XCO performance, they should be combined with commonly used HR and/or power output data.

Use of a combination comprising a pyrimidine-5-ol derivative (I) and a phenol derivative (II) for chemical fastening systems, is claimed. Use of a combination comprising a pyrimidine-5-ol derivative of formula (I) and a phenol derivative of formula (II) for chemical fastening systems, is claimed. R 1>, R 2> : H or 1-20C alkyl; X : -OR 3>or -NR 5> 2; R 5> : 1-20C alkyl or 2-4C polyalkylene oxide; R : H, 1-18C alkyl, -OR 6>or -NR 6> 2; R 6> : 1-20C alkyl; R 3> : H or 1-18C alkyl; and R 4> : 1-18C alkyl. Independent claims are also included for: (1) a resin mixture comprising at least one radically polymerizable compound, optionally a reactive diluent and an agent for adjusting the reactivity and gelling time, where the agent is the combination of (I) and (II); (2) a reaction resin mortar comprising the above resin mixture and inorganic additives; (3) a two-component mortar system comprising the reaction resin mortar as a component A and a separately arranged hardener as a component B for inhibiting the reaction; and (4) a patrone, a cartridge or a foil pouch containing the two-component mortar system including two or more chambers that are separated from each other, in which the reaction resin mortar or the hardener is arranged.

Malgré un accès à l’information de plus en plus étendu, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur ont de grandes difficultés à repérer leur propre production de recherche scientifique. Par ailleurs, les orientations prises par la Commission européenne et par le Ministère de la recherche poussent fortement les établissement à se doter d’une politique volontariste en matière d’accès ouvert aux résultats de la recherche. Enfin, la recherche d’une plus grande visibilité et de l’impact scientifique le plus fort doivent amener l’université à réfléchir sur les modalités de diffusion de ses résultats scientifiques, particulièrement de ses articles. L’objectif que doit se donner l’Université d’Aix-Marseille n’est pas seulement de connaître sa production, il doit également être de la faire largement connaître, ce qui constitue à la fois un impératif d’efficacité des investissements de l’État en faveur de la science et une stratégie raisonnée d’inscription dans la compétition mondiale.L’ensemble de ces éléments amène le groupe de travail à recommander la mise en place d’une archive ouverte d’AMU, assortie d’une politique claire et explicite d’incitation à alimenter cette base de données publique des productions de l’établissement.

International audience; Two neutral heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes bearing substituted pyridine 1,2,4-triazoles as the ancil-lary ligands have been designed and investigated as emitters for PhOLEDs. Interestingly, blue andblue-green devices were obtained with the two complexes. Best devices were obtained with C1andreached a maximum brightness of 10,200 cd/m2, a current efficiency of 4.3 cd/A at an operation voltageof 7.9 V while exhibiting the unusual low turn-on voltage of only 2.8 V. UV-visible absorption and pho-toluminescence spectroscopy as well as the cyclic voltammetry of the two iridium(III) complexes werealso investigated.

International audience; Glycopolymer-corona-based micelles are obtained in a one-pot procedure, through reaction of D-mannosamine or D-glucosamine with the N-succinimidyl (NS) esters of a poly(D,L-lactide)-block-poly(N-acryloxysuccinimide-co-N-vinylpyrrolidone ) (PLA-b-P(NAS-co-NVP)) amphiphilic copolymer (presenting quasi-alternating NAS/NVP units) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), followed by nanoprecipitation and dialysis against water. The glycopolymer micelles exhibit a higher CMC and size than those obtained from unmodified copolymer, due to increased hydrophilicity of the external block as a result of sugar derivatization, and the availability of the sugars at the micelle surface is evidenced through interactions with Concanavalin A (Con A) lectin, as attested by turbidimetric measurements and enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Interestingly, the glycopolymer micelles can be further used for hydrophobic molecule encapsulation and release, as shown with imiquimod, while keeping their interactions with con A intact. It is concluded that the PLA-based amphiphilic/reactive copolymer represents a versatile platform for glycopolymer-based micelle constructs for drug/vaccine delivery.

International audience