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Student engagement is a critical feature to the teaching and learning dynamic that takes place in the classroom. Technology is often used as a means for increasing student engagement, and Student Response Technology (SRT), where students use handheld clickers to respond during classroom instruction, is one form of technology used to do this. The current study examined the effect of SRT on student engagement in elementary classrooms for students with disabilities. A multiple baseline across participants design was used to measure student engagement across several areas, including rate of participation and on-task behavior. Both visual and statistical analysis yielded a relationship between use of SRT and two areas of engagement: student's participation and on-task behavior.

This article examines residential segregation by skin color in forty of the largest metropolitan areas in Brazil, using census tract data from the 2010 Brazilian census. Residential dissimilarity among whites, browns, and blacks is moderate to low by US standards, and residential segregation correlates positively with socioeconomic status. By contrasting our findings with results from the 1980 Brazilian census, we observe that in thirty years, residential segregation decreased significantly in many metropolitan areas, particularly white-brown and brown-black dissimilarities. We speculate as to why these changes should have occurred. Este artigo examina a segregacao residencial por raca em quarenta das maiores areas metropolitanas do Brasil, usando dados do setor censitario do censo Brasileiro de 2010. A dissimilaridade residencial entre brancos, pardos e negros e moderada a baixa pelos padroes dos EUA, e a segregacao residencial se correlaciona positivamente com o status socioeconomico. Ao contrastar nossos resultados com o do censo Brasileiro de 1980, observamos que, em trinta anos, a segregacao residencial diminuiu significativamente em muitas areas metropolitanas, particularmente nas dissimilaridades branco-pardo e pardo-negro. Especulamos os motivos pela qual essas mudancas ocorreram., Introduction A quarter century ago, Edward Telles used a specially commissioned dataset from the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica (IBGE) to examine residential segregation by skin color in Brazil [...]

The government has made great strides in redressing past imbalances in education through the National Norms and Standards for School Funding (NNSSF) policy that focuses on equity in school funding. This NNSSF model compels the state to fund public schools according to a poverty quintile system, where poor schools are allocated much more funding for resources than affluent schools. Using qualitative research, school management teams, school governing bodies and principals of six public schools located within the Gauteng West District were interviewed to determine their views of how the NNSSF policy had been implemented. One of the findings revealed that equity in public schools has not been fully achieved since funding provided by the state is insufficient to address the backlog in educational resources. It is recommended that the state abandons the policy of funding schools according to quintile rankings but instead, fund schools based on resource needs.

Those who have knowledge don't predict. Those who do predict don't have knowledge. --Lao Tzu Doubt is not a pleasant condition, but certainty is absurd. --Voltaire The question of whether [...]