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Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are cultivated crop plants worldwide and they are still gaining importance. However, a common uniform description of the phenological development was missing so far. In this work, a specific code is presented, based on the decimal BBCH scale. The BBCH scale comprises the macrostages 0–9, with macrostage 4 being omitted here, because it has no relevance for blueberry crops grown in the field. Each macrostage is subdivided in several microstages, each describing a notable developmental stage. The BBCH code takes special reference to the fruit development, fruit ripening, and several fruit pickings, which are typical for blueberries. For each macrostage the main development as well as cultivation characteristics are explained in more detail. The new BBCH code is compared with other descriptions of phenotypical development of highbush blueberries and transformations are suggested. The BBCH code is developed for cultivated highbush blueberries and is therefore applicable to northern, southern, and rabbiteye blueberries as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the current reassessment of the phylogeny of Pandanales, revealing the peculiarities of fruit structure of representatives of the order, as well as determination of apomorphies and plesiomorphies of the families included in the order are of importance. With the aim to fill in gaps in the data on fruit structure and to determine principal trends of fruit morphogenesis in Pandanaceae, the present study focused on pericarp anatomy in the genus Freycinetia , fruits of which are traditionally referred to as berries. The present investigation confirmed the lack of a continuous sclerenchymatous zone in the pericarp of Freycinetia species, and the fruit is treated as a superior paracarpous berry of Nuphar type. Fusiform groups of longitudinally elongated sclereids are revealed in the mesocarp of Freycinetia palawanensis (incertae sedis) and F. graminifolia (section Solmsiella). Since this character is treated as specific for the subgenus Gaudichaudiella , the inclusion of these two studied species in this subgenus is proposed. The principal carpological plesiomorphies and apomorphies of the family are outlined, and two scenarios for fruit morphogenesis, from berries to 'drupaceous' fruits and vice versa, are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background & Aims: Polyphenols are plant secondary compounds that possess antioxidant properties associated with preventing inflammation-mediated ailments such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Recent studies hint at their capacity to enhance exercise performance. Berries, in addition to containing high amounts of essential vitamins and minerals, are extremely rich in polyphenols. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compile relevant human randomized controlled trials exploring the potential of polyphenol-rich berries to enhance exercise performance and associated biomarkers. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched using keywords related to berry supplementation, exercise performance, and biomarkers of performance. In total, 2374 articles were screened and 14 were included in the analysis. Results: The results indicate no statistically significant effect of berry supplementation on exercise performance and its associated biomarkers. However, there is a trend towards a positive pooled effect size of berry supplementation on time to exhaustion (SMD: 0.57, Z: 1.51, P-value: 0.13). Furthermore, all pooled effect sizes favor berry supplementation. Conclusions: Due to variations in testing protocols and biomarkers of interest among the studies included, no more than 7 articles were included for any given outcome measure. This underscores the necessity for additional high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to strengthen the evidence and allow for recommendations to be made regarding the performance enhancing effects of berry consumption. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered on Open Science Framework (DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/NCAVJ).

Berries are a source of biologically active substances in human diet. Gooseberries have attractive sensory properties and high nutritional value. However, modern science knows little about micromycetic contamination of gooseberry. The research objective was to define the mycobiota composition of Ribes uva-crispa L. varieties during storage. The study featured the mycobiota of gooseberry varieties Senator and Rozoviy 2. The berries were harvested on the test field of the Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. They were stored for 18 days at 18 ± 2 and 4 ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 90–95%. The authors used standard research methods to identify the mycobiota and attribute them to nine genera by morphological structure: Aspergillus, Mucor, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, Aureobasidium, Cladosporium, Cryptococcus, and anaerobic yeast. The frequency of occurrence varied from 20 to 100%. Micromycetes of the genus Fusarium were present only in the Senator sample, which also demonstrated a 100% occurrence of Penicillium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium. In the sample of Rozoviy 2, Penicillium and Cladosporium occurred in 80%. The Senator sample was twice as low in micromycetes as the Rozoviy 2 berries: 558 vs. 945, respectively. The Senator berries grew in micromycetes due to the Cladosporium fungi while Rozoviy 2 owed its micromycetic increase to Penicillium. Both varieties showed no signs of ascomycetes known as a powdery mildew agent. During storage, the growth of yeast and yeast-like fungi depended on the variety of berries while the growth of mycelial fungi depended on the variety and storage temperature. The data obtained expand the scope of scientific knowledge about the generic composition of gooseberry mycobiota, which may help to select correct anti-spoilage measures.

Purpose: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important horticultural products that are grown in different parts of Iran and has high nutritional values. In this study, the genetic diversity of cultivars and genotypes of some vineyards of Markazi province were investigated for the preliminary selection of superior cultivars and genotypes in terms of morphological and fruit characteristics for use in grape breeding programs. Research method: For this purpose, grouping and comparing 84 grape cultivars and genotypes were carried out using 70 traits including phenological and vegetative traits, trichome and stomata, bunch and berry traits. Findings: Based on the results, the “Sahebi Hazaveh” cultivar with 1000.17 g had highest an average bunch weight to compare other cultivars and genotypes. Results showed that, some traits such as bunch weight, bunch shoulders, fresh weight, rachis weight, the ratio of bunch weight to peduncle weight, the ratio of rachis weight to bunch weight, dry weight of bunch shoulders, length of the tail of bunch, berry weight, pedicel weight, seed weight and length of seed had a high coefficient of variation. Factor analysis reduced the evaluated traits to 10 main factors showed that they justified 78.38% of the total variance. Cluster analysis divided cultivars and genotypes into 4 main groups at five Euclidean distances. Limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: This study indicated that grapes germplasm resources in zone are of noticeable diversities and can be promising for the utilization in the breeding programs. Based on the results, cultivars and genotypes of “Khalili Khondab” region, “Yaghouti”, “Sahebi”, “Fakhri”, “Kharvand” and “Kondori” Hazaveh region and “Sahebi” Aghbolagh region in leafing time, late flowering, sugar percentage, bunch and berry characteristics, stomatal density, standing and lying trichome density in leaves were superior to other cultivars and genotypes.

In recent years, the production and demand of berries in the world have gradually increased, but the infection of fungal pathogens has become one of the important factors restricting the production and sales of fresh berries. It has been found that Alternaria can cause a variety of plant diseases and fruit rot worldwide. This review introduces the effect of Alternaria infection on berry quality, including physical, chemical and physiological aspects, and discusses the possible infection mechanisms. In addition, Alternaria produces toxins during infections and seriously threatens the safety of berries and consumer health. Therefore, the prevention and control measures of Alternaria are systematically summarized. This review provides the basis for further optimization of postharvest preservation technology and fruit quality, to prolong the shelf life of berries. We can realistically expect to control plant diseases with increasing efficiency, which is conducive to improving the quality and safety of postharvest berry fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berries have been one of the most popular fruits with the high nutritional value and processing prospects. A variety of berries with strong cold resistance are also produced in the northeast of China. These berries share the unique regional features, strong cold resistance, high nutritional value, and are rich in various active functions. A series of berry products have been formed in recent years. But it is limited to the acceptance of the initial processing of berry products, because of its their comprehensive quality, such as color, aroma, and taste under the low level of mechanization. Among them, the taste is one of the important indicators to evaluate the quality of fruit, which is closely related to the quality of processed products and the acceptance of consumers. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) and Gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques were employed to investigate the taste features and composition of the four typical berries from cold regions, including Vaccinium uliginosum L., Lonicera cearulea L., Rubus idaeus L., and Ribes nigrum L.. The non-volatile and volatile substances of these berries were screened and then identified. Furthermore, electronic tongue analysis and sensory evaluation were conducted to obtain the overall fuzzy comprehensive scores of taste quality. Factor analysis was then performed. The results show that the alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons were the main volatile flavor substances in cranberry. There was the a high relative content of alcohols, acids, and esters in blackcurrant. The prominent relative content of ketones and acids in raspberry was induced the outstanding flavor features easy to distinguish. The volatile flavor substances of indigo fruit were mainly alcohols and esters, which were more balanced, compared with the rest berries. While there was no outstanding aroma. The findings revealed that Vaccinium uliginosum L. had a sugar-acid ratio of 4.41, and the characteristic volatile substances were α-terpinol and benzaldehyde, with the highest acid taste response from the electronic tongue. Ribes nigrum L. had a sugar-acid ratio of 3.80 and the characteristic volatile substances were phenylethanol and acetic acid, with the a relatively balanced taste response. Lonicera cearulea L. had a sugar-acid ratio of 3.37 and the highest total phenol content of (3.79±0.17) mg/g gallic acid equivalent content. Its characteristic volatile substances were n-hexene-alcohol and 3-hexene-1-alcohol, indicating the highest salt and umami taste response. Rubus idaeus L. had a sugar-to-acid ratio of 8.19 and the characteristic volatile substances were acetic acid and α-violone, with the highest sweet and bitter taste response. From the perspective of acceptability, the highest comprehensive score was found in Rubus idaeus L. While tThe comprehensive score was ranked in the descending order of the Lonicera cearulea L., Vaccinium uliginosum L., and Ribes nigrum L. The sensory evaluation correlation analysis showed that sour taste, fruit flavor, aftertaste, and aftertaste had a great influence on the berry selection. Screening, identification, and statistical analysis demonstrated that there were ten compounds of the non-volatile substances, including tagose, lactic acid, aloxalulose, oxalic acid, citric acid, aspartic acid, alizarin, 6α-mannobiose, sucrose, and isoquercetin. The overall fuzzy comprehensive scores of taste sensory decreased in the descending order of Rubus idaeus L., Lonicera cearulea L., Vaccinium uliginosum L., and Ribes nigrum L. The factor analysis indicated that the taste composition scores increased in the descending order of Ribes nigrum L., Lonicera cearulea L., Vaccinium uliginosum L., and Rubus idaeus L., indicating that the higher the score of flavor substance composition was, the lower the fuzzy comprehensive score was. These findings can provide a theoretical foundation to developfor developing the high-quality products using the four cold-region berries. At the same time, the taste regulation was considered to increase the added value of berry foods for better utilization in cold areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The study highlights the key health-promoting qualities of red fruits, as well as the use of natural edible coatings to extend the fruits' shelf life and ensure their sustainability. Red fruits contain bioactive substances including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which provide many health advantages for the human body. Industries find them intriguing because of their color and their ability to prevent chronic ailments such as metabolic, degenerative, and cardiovascular disorders. Nevertheless, the resilience of these organic molecules is influenced by several environmental, physical, and chemical phenomena. Therefore, the beneficial health properties of red fruits may diminish during postharvest processing. In this scenario, many postharvest methods have been implemented to enhance the shelf life and preserve the bioactive components of red fruits. The objectives of this review were to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health benefits of red fruits, and to explore the possibilities of edible coatings in retaining their freshness and protecting their bioactive contents. Co-occurrence networks were built using VOSviewer software to produce a two-dimensional map based on term frequency, and the examination of the 1364 keywords obtained from the scientific papers revealed the presence of at least 71 co-occurrences that provide insight into many natural components used in edible coatings for red fruits, such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, phospholipids, and minerals. The review examined their composition, functioning, application techniques, limits, safety considerations, legal regulations, and potential future developments. This review has shown that an edible coating may act as a protective layer on the surface of the fruit, alter the interior gas composition, reduce water loss, and postpone fruit ripening, thereby enhancing the health-promoting properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the most important horticultural products that are grown in different parts of Iran and has high nutritional values. In this study, the genetic diversity of cultivars and genotypes of some vineyards of Markazi province were investigated for the preliminary selection of superior cultivars and genotypes in terms of morphological and fruit characteristics for use in grape breeding programs. Research method: For this purpose, grouping and comparing 84 grape cultivars and genotypes were carried out using 70 traits including phenological and vegetative traits, trichome and stomata, bunch and berry traits. Findings: Based on the results, the "Sahebi Hazaveh" cultivar with 1000.17 g had highest an average bunch weight to compare other cultivars and genotypes. Results showed that, some traits such as bunch weight, bunch shoulders, fresh weight, rachis weight, the ratio of bunch weight to peduncle weight, the ratio of rachis weight to bunch weight, dry weight of bunch shoulders, length of the tail of bunch, berry weight, pedicel weight, seed weight and length of seed had a high coefficient of variation. Factor analysis reduced the evaluated traits to 10 main factors showed that they justified 78.38% of the total variance. Cluster analysis divided cultivars and genotypes into 4 main groups at five Euclidean distances. Limitations: No limitations were encountered. Originality/Value: This study indicated that grapes germplasm resources in zone are of noticeable diversities and can be promising for the utilization in the breeding programs. Based on the results, cultivars and genotypes of "Khalili Khondab" region, "Yaghoti", "Sahebi", "Fakhri", "Kharvand" and "Kondori" Hazaveh region and "Sahebi" Aghbolagh region in leafing time, late flowering, sugar percentage, bunch and berry characteristics, stomatal density, standing and lying trichome density in leaves were superior to other cultivars and genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents the findings from a study evaluating the morphological, biological and technological characteristics of various table and technical grape varieties cultivated in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The research adhered to the descriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). The study reveals a wide range in the size of grape bunches, with medium, large and small bunches being predominant. Notably, the local and introduced varieties Arna-grna, Khindogny, Hamashara, Shirvanshahy and Moldova exhibited superior morphological traits such as mass, volume and size of bunches. Juice yield, a key indicator of technological suitability, ranged from 45.5% to 80.0%. The Shiraz variety had the lowest juice yield (45.8%), whereas the Moldova (76.8%) and Uni Blanc (80.0%) varieties had the highest. Most varieties had small berries, but Arna-grna (481 g), Gyanjavi (341 g) and Moldova (317 g) were considered medium. The sugar content in the berries was categorized as average, high or very high, with Shirvanshahy having the highest sugar content (25.0 g/100 cm³). The titratable acidity of the varieties was low to average, while the active acidity was mainly low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultrasound-assisted extraction technique is an innovative technology used for higher oil yield. Sea buckthorn oil is used for various purposes in many industries. However, the low yield and poor quality adversely affect the sea buckthorn oil industry. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to optimize the ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction (UASE) method to extract oil from dried sea buckthorn berries using response surface methodology. The impact of three extraction variables (time, pulse interval, and solvent to sample ratio) was analyzed on the oil yield by the UASE method. The optimized conditions were a 3 s pulse interval at 15.09 min with a solvent-sample ratio of 5.22 mL/g, which provided a 17.43% oil yield. Moreover, the physicochemical and quality parameters of oil were also assessed. The Soxhlet extracted oil had a high acid value (7.13 ± 0.20 mg/KOH) and peroxide value (6.4 ± 0.10 meq/kg) than the UASE oil whereas, the iodine value (136 ± 2.00 g I2/100 g) and density (0.91 ± 0.01 g/cm3) was found more in UASE oil than Soxhlet extracted oil. It indicates that UASE oil had a better quality in comparison to Soxhlet extracted oil. Gas chromatography revealed that palmitic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and linoleic acid were the predominant fatty acids in the extracted oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic acids, the important flavor compounds in grape berries, are altered by temperature during berry development. To mitigate potential interference encountered in field experiments, we employed in vitro culture techniques to investigate the impact of ambient temperature (AT) on organic acid metabolism at various developmental stages. The results showed that for the young berry (YB), organic acid accumulation rose gradually below 35 °C, but at 40 °C, tartaric and malic acid were significantly inhibited. In comparison to temperatures below 35 °C, ripening berry (RB) exhibited accelerated degradation of malic acid and an increase in tartaric acid content at 40℃. Notably, the enzymes activity of NADP-malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-IDH) exhibited a significant increase, whereas there was a substantial decrease in NADP malic enzyme (NADP-ME) activity. AT altered the expression of organic acid metabolism genes, exhibiting distinct patterns between YB and RB. At 40 °C, most genes were suppressed; however, the levels of tartaric acid synthesis genes increased during the RB stage, consistent with the rise in tartaric acid content. The correlation analysis revealed that the transport of organic acids plays a pivotal role in the alteration of grape’s organic acid content induced by AT. Our study uncovered ambient temperature’s impact on grape organic acid metabolism via in vitro experiments, providing a guidance for organic acid biosynthesis regulation in grape berry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate physical and chemical fruit parameters of new strawberry genotypes underfield conditions. The study was carried out during the 2018 and 2019 seasons. Twelve genotypes from the breeding program of Embrapa and two commercial cultivars (Camino Real and Merced) were evaluated. The assessed parameters were: average fruit number, average fruit weight, soluble solids, titrable acidity, and the soluble solids/titrable acidity ratio. Among the studied strawberry genotypes, the 8-1, 35-22 ('BRS DC22'), 31-13, 7-5, and 32-2 selections produce more fruits per plant. Among the new genotypes, 'BRS DC25' (Fênix) and 31-13 present the best average fruit weight in both evaluated seasons. The highest sugar content is observed in genotypes 35-22 ('BRS DC22') and 65-2, whereas 8-1 and 'BRS DC25' (Fênix) show the highest acidity. The 7-5, 35-22 ('BRS DC22'), 34-2, and 35-6 genotypes present the best soluble solid/acidity ratio.

IntroductionSome evidence suggests that fruit and alcohol consumption may be related to cognitive impairment.MethodsThis study conducted a cross-sectional study on the “correlation between eating habits and cognitive function of the middle-aged and elderly population in China.” The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between fruit consumption, drinking habits and cognitive impairment in Chinese people over 50 years old.ResultsThe results show that the protective factors of cognitive impairment are the preference for berries and the daily intake of 100-200 grams grapes in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people with objective cognitive unimpaired. The habit of drinking red wine is a protective factor for cognitive impairment in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, this study did not find the relationship between white wine, beer, yellow rice wine, liquor and cognitive impairment.DiscussionTherefore, we believe that berries, grapes and red wine consumption can protect the cognitive function of the middle-aged and elderly people in China, and the protective function is related to the basic cognitive state.

In this study, the aromatic compounds of some interspecific genotypes were analyzed for both white and red wines. The analysis of the aromatic spectrum of the interspecific rhizogenic vine genotype (Vitis vinifera L. x Muscadinia rotundifolia Michx.) 'Amethyst' genotype (blue-purple berry) was compared with red wine genotype 'Fetească neagră', 'Cabernet sauvignon' and Malbec'. The aromatic compounds are formed in the berries, and during the development and ripening of the berries, depending on the fluctuations of the climatic factors, they form the aroma specific to the grapevine genotype and, as a result of the processing, they form the bouquet of the derived product. Grapevine berries mostly contain the same aromatic chemical compounds, the specific aroma is only due to their different weight within the aromatic complex of each genotype. The results showed that the aromatic spectrum of the interspecific genotypes was as pronounced as that of the reference genotype.

Managing chronic wounds can be challenging and have a major impact on the quality of life, due to the significant financial and psychosocial burden on the affected individuals and their families. The need for safe, effective, and cost-efficient wound healing remedies has led to the identification of naturally occurring bioactive compounds with positive effects on tissue regeneration. Berry fruits are a promising source of such compounds and may therefore prove distinctively beneficial. Here, we present a qualitative review of the available evidence specifically investigating the effects of berry extracts on in vitro and in vivo models of wound healing. The evidence shows that a variety of berry extracts significantly promote wound healing through their antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties as well as their ability to stimulate collagen synthesis, re-epithelization, granulation, and vascularization pathways. However, data are still insufficient to pinpoint the differential effect that individual berries may have based on their nutrient and bioactive profile, the type and frequency of application, and the dosage required. Future research is needed in view of translating the available evidence into practice for clinical wound treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premise: The representatives of the ANA‐grade angiosperms demonstrate a diverse pattern of morphological characters, but their apocarpous gynoecium (except in Nymphaeaceae), composed of at least partly ascidiate carpels, the four‐nucleate and four‐celled female gametophyte, and the diploid endosperm (except in Amborella) are inferred to be plesiomorphies. Since the structure of fruits in Austrobaileyales is under‐investigated, this research aims to fill this gap in these data, describing the carpological characters of ANA‐grade taxa, and potentially illuminating the ancestral fruit and seed types of angiosperms. Methods: The pericarp and seed coat anatomy was studied with light microscopy. The character optimization was carried out using WinClada software. Results: The fruits of Austrobaileya, Trimenia, Kadsura, and Schisandra are determined to be apocarpous berries of the Schisandra type, with a parenchymatous pericarp and mesotestal (Austrobaileya) or exomesotestal seeds (other genera). Most inferred scenarios of fruit evolution indicate that the apocarpous berry is either the most probable plesiomorphic fruit type of all angiosperms, or that of all angiosperms except Amborellaceae. This inference suggests the early origin of the berry in fruit evolution. The plesiomorphic seed type of angiosperms according to reconstructed scenarios of seed type evolution was either a seed lacking a sclerenchymatous layer or an exotestal seed. Conclusions: The current research indicates that an apocarpous berry, and not a follicle, is a probable plesiomorphic character of the ANA‐grade taxa and of angiosperms as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity stress has become an increasing threat to viticulture in the Tunisian oasis, and more generally, the characterization of salinity tolerance markers can be of great interest for sustainable grape production. This study investigated some metabolic adaptations in different tissues of the ripe berries of indigenous grapevine cultivars after exposure to salt stress to identify the key traits of salt stress tolerance under oasis conditions. We especially focused on the adaptive responses occurring at the level of amino acids, polyamines, and stilbene phytoalexins in the grape berry skin, pulp, and seeds of six grapevine cultivars differing in phenotypic and ampelographic characteristics. Our data showed that amino acids accumulated strongly in the pulp and skin, while resveratrol, trans-piceid and trans-ε-viniferin, as major phytoalexins, significantly accumulated in the seeds. High salinity was also found to increase both the berry skin and pulp contents of essential amino acids such as threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, and phenylalanine. The amounts of stilbenes also increased under high salinity in the berry skin of all the studied cultivars. Polyamine homeostasis within the different berry tissues suggested enhanced polyamine biosynthesis rather than polyamine oxidation in response to high salinity. Our principal component analysis revealed a clear discrimination between the cultivars based on their metabolic profiles within the ripe berry tissues under high salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hanan Al-Shaykh's novel Only in London(2001) represents an embodiment of John Berry's theory of acculturation in the sense that her characters cross borders to a new culture that necessitates various degrees of adaptation. Those characters have been gathered on a turbulent plane operating from Dubai (East) to London (West) in their attempts to reconstruct their deformed identities. At home, conditions differed for each one of them and imposed a certain kind of psychological exile that hindered any specific social or economic fulfillment. Thus, acculturation has been their fatal choice, and each one has come into contact with the host culture through Berry's acculturation strategies: separation, marginalization, assimilation and integration. The study investigates the four cases of acculturation in light of their original culture and reflects on the degree of fulfillment; if any, to which they could be evaluated as acculturated identities. In addition, it uncovers the hindering factors that contributed in thwarting full acculturation of the four protagonists.

‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ is a commonly produced and consumed variety of grapes in Brazil, although late sprouting and flowering negatively affect wine production, hindering the production of elegant and balanced wines, especially in high-altitude regions of Santa Catarina. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on reducing and eliminating ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grape berry seeds and evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the wine produced in Serra Catarinense. The experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard. The treatments were 0.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg L-1 of GA3 in the 2019/20 season and 0.0, 20.0, and 40.0 mg L-1 of GA3 in the 2020/21 season. The applications were performed in full bloom. The characteristics evaluated were cluster weight, berry diameter, berry mass, number of seeds per berry, seed mass, peel:pulp ratio, cluster length, cluster compaction index, rachis mass, and berries per cluster. In both harvests, the zero dose of GA3 was related to greater cluster compaction, berry and cluster mass, and seeds per berry. In the 2019/20 harvest, 80 mg L-1 of GA3 was correlated to must total soluble sugar, wine acidity, must acidity, color parameter at 520 nm, and color intensity. In the last harvest, the color parameters were more correlated with the highest GA3 dose, showing that this growth regulator increased free anthocyanins and total polyphenols. Moreover, 20–80 mg L-1 of GA3 reduced the number and size of seeds but increased the tannin content in one harvest. Bunch compaction, cluster weight, diameter, and berry weight were reduced using GA3. Lastly, 20 and 40 mg L-1 of GA3 increased the total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins in the wine.

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Female refugees go through numerous stages and transformations during the asylum-seeking process, all of which leave their imprint on their individuality over time. This forced journey, the fleeing of a war-torn country, the search for shelter and safety in the host country, as well as a plethora of other factors, all have a bearing on the refugee's assimilation or lack thereof. This article aims to demonstrate the journey of assimilation that the protagonist in Layla AlAmmar's novel Silence is a Sense (2021) underwent. It takes John Berry's models of acculturation as its approach in order to investigate whether or not the refugee character Rana assimilated into the host society. Therefore, it critically scrutinizes the text to determine how Rana represents millions of female refugees, what it means to be a refugee in a host country, the extent to which a female refugee can integrate into the other country's culture, and whether the process of fully acculturating is underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Cabernet Sauvignon' is a commonly produced and consumed variety of grapes in Brazil, although late sprouting and flowering negatively affect wine production, hindering the production of elegant and balanced wines, especially in high-altitude regions of Santa Catarina. Therefore, this study sought to evaluate the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) on reducing and eliminating 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grape berry seeds and evaluate the physicochemical parameters of the wine produced in Serra Catarinense. The experiments were conducted in a commercial vineyard. The treatments were 0.0, 40.0, and 80.0 mg L-1 of GA3 in the 2019/20 season and 0.0, 20.0, and 40.0 mg L-1 of GA3 in the 2020/21 season. The applications were performed in full bloom. The characteristics evaluated were cluster weight, berry diameter, berry mass, number of seeds per berry, seed mass, peel:pulp ratio, cluster length, cluster compaction index, rachis mass, and berries per cluster. In both harvests, the zero dose of GA3 was related to greater cluster compaction, berry and cluster mass, and seeds per berry. In the 2019/20 harvest, 80 mg L-1 of GA3 was correlated to must total soluble sugar, wine acidity, must acidity, color parameter at 520 nm, and color intensity. In the last harvest, the color parameters were more correlated with the highest GA3 dose, showing that this growth regulator increased free anthocyanins and total polyphenols. Moreover, 20-80 mg L-1 of GA3 reduced the number and size of seeds but increased the tannin content in one harvest. Bunch compaction, cluster weight, diameter, and berry weight were reduced using GA3. Lastly, 20 and 40 mg L-1 of GA3 increased the total polyphenols and monomeric anthocyanins in the wine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene is known to stimulate plant respiration, and this later is associated with heat generation. The grapevine fruit set is dependent upon pistil temperature, controlling the pollen germination and ovule fertilization. This led us to test whether ethylene would be able to impact fruit set often limited in cool climate conditions, particularly in the case of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Malbec, a variety prone to poor fruit set. With this cultivar, we ran trials in growth chambers using the ethylene gas and field trials using ethephon as an ethylene precursor. At 14.5 °C ambient temperature, we observed that ethylene at 1 and 10 ppm increased the stigma and pistil temperature to 15 °C, compared to 14.7 °C in controls. This minor temperature rise was associated with an increase of fruit set from 10 to 25%. The field trials, conducted in the South West of France, confirmed this trend. Indeed, spraying a concentration as low as 216 mg/ha of ethephon onto Malbec at full bloom at 16 °C in the shade led to an increase of fruit set from 35 to 45%. These experiments suggest that spraying ultra-low concentrations of ethylene precursors onto the grapevines prone to poor fruit set, during cool mornings, could improve fruit set and reduce crop losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red fruits contain bioactive substances including phenolic acids and flavonoids, which provide many health advantages for the human body. Industries find them intriguing because of their color and their ability to prevent chronic ailments such as metabolic, degenerative, and cardiovascular disorders. Nevertheless, the resilience of these organic molecules is influenced by several environmental, physical, and chemical phenomena. Therefore, the beneficial health properties of red fruits may diminish during postharvest processing. In this scenario, many postharvest methods have been implemented to enhance the shelf life and preserve the bioactive components of red fruits. The objectives of this review were to provide a comprehensive assessment of the health benefits of red fruits, and to explore the possibilities of edible coatings in retaining their freshness and protecting their bioactive contents. Co-occurrence networks were built using VOSviewer software to produce a two-dimensional map based on term frequency, and the examination of the 1364 keywords obtained from the scientific papers revealed the presence of at least 71 co-occurrences that provide insight into many natural components used in edible coatings for red fruits, such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, phospholipids, and minerals. The review examined their composition, functioning, application techniques, limits, safety considerations, legal regulations, and potential future developments. This review has shown that an edible coating may act as a protective layer on the surface of the fruit, alter the interior gas composition, reduce water loss, and postpone fruit ripening, thereby enhancing the health-promoting properties.

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jaboticaba is a tropical plant and its fruit rich in nutrients, volatile compounds, and biological activities, which considered to be an edible health benefits plant. Despite its popularity for fresh consumption, jaboticaba is rarely used in intensive processing in China. The content of nutrients and antioxidant in jaboticaba greatly impacts how it is processed healthy food. In this study, we evaluated the nutrients, antioxidant capacity, and volatile compounds of three jaboticaba cultivars including Sabara, Argentina, and Fukuoka, respectively. Our results revealed each variety has its merits. Sabara had an abundance of volatile compounds, a suitable acid-sugar ratio, and a slightly lower antioxidant capacity, making it suitable for fresh consumption. Argentina is the richest in volatile compounds in ripe fruit, but slightly lighter in taste and acid-sugar ratio, making it suitable for dry products. The large size, juicy flesh, low acid-sugar ratio, and less volatile compounds content of Fukuoka also make it suitable for juice processing. Three cultivars of jaboticaba berry exhibited different characteristics, providing reference evidence for the manufacturing and processing of jaboticaba health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Serbia, the dominant methods of vegetative propagation of raspberries and blackberries are by root suckering (raspberry) and tip layering (blackberry), and they represent standard propagation techniques. However, due to the possible contamination of such planting material with viruses and phytopathogenic fungi, obtaining plants from tissue culture in vitro is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the fruit quality according to their chemical composition, emphasising the content of bioactive compounds in fruits of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) 'Meeker' and blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) 'Čačanska Bestrna' from plants propagated in the field by standard technique (ST) and grown in vitro micropropagation tissue culture (TC). A three-year experiment included the determination of the main fruit quality parameters (soluble solids, sugars, and total acids) by standard methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, ellagic, gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids, quercetin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin) were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results showed that the origin of the planting material did not significantly affect the quality of the fruits in terms of primary and secondary metabolites, except for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in blackberries. This means that both (ST and TC) propagation methods allow obtaining fruits of equally good quality. Therefore, when choosing the type of planting material, other factors such as health, yield, and cost of planting material should be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

​Türkiye is considered the intersection point of three biodiversity centers in the world and serving as a gene center for grapes as well as for many fruit species. Grape is an important fruit thanks to its benefits to human health and its multiple usage. This study was carried out to identify the morphological and molecular diversity of 18 local and commercial grape varieties widely grown in the Kayseri province of Türkiye. Morphological (bunch, berry and leaf characteristics) and molecular (inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine genetic diversity in the studied germplasm. The bunch, berry and leaf characteristics of the varieties showed differences. In the study, bunch weight varied 151.33–476.66 g, berry weight 1.52–7.44 g, maturity index 11.59–41.87% and leaf area 63.62–199.15 cm2. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed using morphological traits and first two PCs accounted a total of 55% of the total variations. In molecular marker analysis, 69 bands were obtained from 10 ISSR primers. Among these total, 48 of the bands were found polymorphic and polymorphism rate was calculated as 64.77%. Genetic distance revealed Gül Üzümü and Red Globe as the most genetically distinct varieties. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed maximum genetic variations due to the difference within the populations. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) divided studied germplasm into two populations. The results obtained may benefit researchers in the determination and protection of gene sources in breeding studies on grape varieties and genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to comprehensively develop the biological resources of sea buckthorn, five hybrid sea buckthorn berries including Zaciyou 1, Zaciyou 2, Zaciyou 10, Zaciyou 12, and Zaciyou 54 were used as test materials to compare and analyze. The vitamin C, vitamin E, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, titratable acids, β-carotene, soluble sugar, glucose, fructose, sucrose content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity were determined and their correlations were analyzed. The results showed that the content of each nutrient component was related to the variety and maturity of sea buckthorn. When the five hybrid sea buckthorn varieties participated in the test were fully mature, the content of vitamin C and vitamin E could reach 318.28~531.78 and 7.60~13.14 mg/100 g, respectively, and the content of soluble sugar and titratable acid could reach 32.61~84.36 mg/g, 0.97%~1.95%, the contents of β-carotene and total flavonoids could reach 22.31~47.82 µg/g and 1.41~3.53 mg/g, respectively. Among the five hybrid sea buckthorn varieties tested, Zaciyou 10 sea buckthorn had higher nutritional content. Correlation analysis showed that the contents of VE, β-carotene, anthocyanin, glucose and total flavonoids in the five hybrid sea buckthorn berries were very significant correlation with each other (P

D’origine parisienne, George Sand va passer toute son enfance au Berry. Ses contacts avec les enfants berrichons de son âge vont influencer son existence. Une influence qui va perdurer amplement dans le temps. En fait, une fois devenue écrivaine, Sand transmettra cet amour pour le Berry et pour toute la culture berrichonne dans ses écrits. En lisant George Sand, on s’aperçoit que son pays d’enfance est quasiment toujours présent dans ses romans. Il forme le cadre spatial de beaucoup de ses textes romanesques. S’arrêter sur la culture du Berry dans beaucoup des textes de Sand, et spécialement dans les romans champêtres, est une occasion pour inscrire les codes du patrimoine berrichon dans ses écrits, en vue de les faire découvrir aux autres, mais c’est aussi une manière de les sauver des oubliettes. De plus, intégrer le patrimoine populaire dans le texte romanesque est une vraie richesse pour le roman qui devient une sorte de carrefour où les autres genres provenant de la culture orale ; danse, mythe, conte, etc. viennent se fondre.

The velocity field composed of the electromagnetic field vector potential and the Berry connection from many-body wave functions explains supercurrent generation, Faraday's law for the electromotive force (EMF) generation, and other EMF generations whose origins are not electromagnetism. An example calculation for the EMF from the Berry connection is performed using a model for the cuprate superconductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Berries are important components of the human diet, valued for their high content of nutrients and active compounds. Berry seeds are also important objects of scientific investigation as, in some cases, they can have a higher concentration of certain phytochemicals than other parts of the fruit. Moreover, they are often byproducts of the food industry that can be reused to make oil, extracts, or flour. We have reviewed available literature related to the chemical content and biological activity of seeds from five different berry species—red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. and Rubus coreanus Miq.), strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), grape (Vitis vinifera L.), sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), and cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). We have searched various databases, including PubMed, Web of Knowledge, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. Last search was conducted on 16.01.2023. Various preparations from berry seeds are valuable sources of bioactive phytochemicals and could be used as functional foods or to make pharmaceuticals or cosmetics. Some products, like oil, flour, or extracts, are already available on the market. However, many preparations and compounds still lack appropriate evidence for their effectiveness in vivo, so their activity should first be assessed in animal studies and clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding how nutrients accumulate and change throughout the developmental stages according to the BBCH scale can be a very effective technique for developing fertilization programmes for high-quality, marketable grape production. Accordingly, the macro- and micronutrient concentrations at different growth stages were analyzed for two commercial grape cultivars, viz., "Anab-e-Shahi" and "Perlette", by using an extended BBCH scale. The results show nitrogen content was reduced during the sampling period (D1 to D6) from 1.76 percent to 1.09 percent. Potassium concentration in developing berries kept on increasing from 0.15%, at principal growth stage 7 with BBCH code 73 (D1), to 0.26% at principal growth stage 8 code 89 (D6). The lowest phosphorus content of 253.88 ppm and the highest of 338.43 ppm were found in growth stages D1 and D6, respectively. The berry Ca however showed an increase first and thereafter decreased to 225.18 ppm at harvest. Mg content also recorded a similar trend from stages D1 to D6 of the BBCH scale and decreased to 116.08 ppm at D6. B and Cu concentrations increased from D1 to D6, and Mn and Zn increased first and decreased thereafter until harvest. No specific trend was recorded in Fe concentration. The concentration of nutrients in berries at different developmental stages can be used as the standard reference for growing berries using proper fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis) berries, originally a component of traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, and other east Asian countries, are also valuable agents in modern phototherapy. S. chinensis berry preparations, including extracts and their chemical components, demonstrate anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, among others. These valuable properties, and their therapeutic potential, are conditioned by the unique chemical composition of S. chinensis berries, particularly their lignan content. About 40 of these compounds, mainly dibenzocyclooctane type, were isolated from S. chinensis. The most important bioactive lignans are schisandrin (also denoted as schizandrin or schisandrol A), schisandrin B, schisantherin A, schisantherin B, schisanhenol, deoxyschisandrin, and gomisin A. The present work reviews newly-available literature concerning the cardioprotective potential of S. chinensis berries and their individual components. It places special emphasis on the cardioprotective properties of the selected lignans related to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive lexicon is a necessary communication tool between the panel leader and panelists to describe each sensory stimulus potentially evoked by a product. In the current scientific breeding and trading scenario, a multilingual sensory lexicon is necessary to ensure the consistency of sensory evaluations when tests are conducted across countries and/or with international panelists. This study aimed to develop a reference multilingual lexicon for raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to perform comparative sensory tests through panels operating in different countries using their native language. Attributes were collected from state-of-the-art literature and integrated with a detailed description of the sensory stimulus associated with each term. A panel of sensory judges was trained to test lexicon efficacy. After training, panelists evaluated three cultivars of blueberry and raspberry through RATA (Rate All That Apply), which allowed missing attributes to be excluded while rating those actually present. Results showed the discerning efficacy of the lexicon developed can be a valuable tool for planning sensory evaluations held in different countries, opening up further possibilities to enrich blueberry and raspberry descriptor lists with emerging terms from local experience and evaluations of berry genotypes with peculiar traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing demand for natural food preservatives is raised by consumers. For Nordic berry species, abundance of phenolic compounds and potent activities of anti-oxidation and anti-bacteria enables a great potential as food preservatives. This review provides a systematic examination of current literature on phenolic profiles, anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial activities of various extracts of Nordic berry species, as well as the impact of various structure features of phenolics on the bioactivities. Special attention is placed on exploitation of leaves of berry species and pomaces after juice-pressing as side-streams of berry production and processing. The current progress and challenges in application of Nordic berry species as food preservatives are discussed. To fully explore the potential application of Nordic berry species in food industry and especially to valorize the side-streams of berry cultivation (leaves) and juice-pressing industry (pomaces), it is crucial to obtain extracts and fractions with targeted phenolic composition, which have high food preserving efficacy and minimal impact on sensory qualities of food products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanin is one of the most landmark components in Lonicera japonica Thunb. The content of anthocyanin can be utilized to determine the timely harvest time and the quality of fresh fruit. The chemical methods are commonly used to detect the anthocyanin content in berries under laboratory conditions, including spectrophotometry, pH difference, and chromatography. The standard determination of anthocyanins in fruits and vegetables can present high accuracy and wide application. But, online and real-time detection is limited to the long time consuming and strong specialization. It is feasible to predict and evaluate the internal quality of agricultural products, according to their appearance and color characteristics. Taking the Lonicera edulis fruit as the research object, this study aims to determine the relationship between the appearance color indexes and the anthocyanins content under different growth periods. Gaussian processes regression (GPR) model was established to characterize the anthocyanin content as the function of characteristic color indexes of Lonicera edulis fruits. The nondestructive detection of anthocyanin content was also realized in Lonicera edulis fruit. The results indicate that the anthocyanin content of fruit increased rapidly from the fourth stage of Lonicera edulis growth, and the second stage of half color transition. The highest level was achieved at the seventh stage of maturity, during which the fruit color changed from the red to the purple black. During the growth and ripening of Lonicera edulis fruit, 21 color characteristic parameters were formed by the single component of RGB tri-color and HSV color saturation of the fruit and the combined component obtained by arithmetic operation. These parameters were significantly correlated with anthocyanin content (P<0.01); Based on the normalized difference of fruit green and blue primary colors, the optimal Gaussian model of anthocyanin content was established with high accuracy (R² c=0.993) and low error (CRMSE=4.752 mg/100g). The typical prediction models of anthocyanin content in Lonicera edulis included multiple linear regression, neural network, Gaussian function, and support vector machine. A comparison was made for the main evaluation indicators of the typical modeling, from the aspects of the fitting degree, mean square error, the number of required factors, and the complexity of the model. The high prediction accuracy, low deviation, and simple structure were achieved in the Gaussian function model with the characteristic color value of Lonicera edulis to predict the anthocyanin content, indicating superior to the other three prediction models. In particular, the prediction of anthocyanin content with one characteristic parameter g-b (X21) reduced the illumination interference of environmental factors, such as reflection, indicating the practical significance. Multivariate linear regression model and support vector machine model presented a lower fitting degree, more required factors, and more complicated color information processing, but these two models also had higher practicability. In the artificial neural network (ANN) model, all 21 characteristic parameters were required to participate with the low fitting degree, indicating the relatively low applicability at present. The optimal Gaussian prediction model performed fast with less amount of data, suitable for the prediction of the anthocyanin content of Lonicera edulis fruit. As such, the real-time evaluation of interesting quality indicators can be realized after the non-destructive determination of anthocyanin content during the growth period of Lonicera edulis. The finding can also provide guidance for the determination of rapid, non-destructive, and high-accuracy detection and equipment design of anthocyanin content in Lonicera edulis during growth and harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Berries, as the best dietary sources for human health, are rich in anthocyanins, vitamins, fiber, polyphenols, essential amino acids, and other ingredients. Anthocyanins are one of the most important bioactive components in berries. The attractive color of berries is attributed to the fact that berries contain different kinds of anthocyanins. Increasing research activity has indicated that anthocyanins in berries show various biological activities, including protecting vision; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor qualities; inhibition of lipid peroxidation; anti-cardiovascular disease properties; control of hypoglycemic conditions; and other activities. Hence, berries have high nutritional and medicinal values. The recognized absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins have promoted their research in different directions. Hence, it is necessary to systematically review the research progress and future prospects of anthocyanins to promote a better understanding of anthocyanins. The absorption, metabolism, and biological activities of anthocyanins from berries were reviewed in this paper. The findings of this study provide an important reference for basic research, product development and utilization of berries' anthocyanins in food, cosmetics, and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Changes in the metabolites of table grapes (Vitis vinifera) reportedly occur during postharvest senescence. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolomic differences in postharvest table grapes (‘Red Globe’) after being subjected to different senescence periods. To this end, we used widely targeted metabolomics based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 135 differential metabolites were identified. During postharvest senescence, the levels of most differential flavonoids (e.g., pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside) and L-aspartic acid decreased, while the levels of phenolic acids (e.g., trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester) and pantothenol increased. During early and late senescence, the levels of most differential lipids, especially LysoPC, as well as those of nucleotides and their derivatives, such as uridine, decreased and increased, respectively. Collectively, the findings of this study provide fundamental insights into the reasonable control of table grape fruit postharvest senescence and lay a solid foundation for further research.

Salinity stress has become an increasing threat to viticulture in the Tunisian oasis, and more generally, the characterization of salinity tolerance markers can be of great interest for sustainable grape production. This study investigated some metabolic adaptations in different tissues of the ripe berries of indigenous grapevine cultivars after exposure to salt stress to identify the key traits of salt stress tolerance under oasis conditions. We especially focused on the adaptive responses occurring at the level of amino acids, polyamines, and stilbene phytoalexins in the grape berry skin, pulp, and seeds of six grapevine cultivars differing in phenotypic and ampelographic characteristics. Our data showed that amino acids accumulated strongly in the pulp and skin, while resveratrol, trans-piceid and trans-ε-viniferin, as major phytoalexins, significantly accumulated in the seeds. High salinity was also found to increase both the berry skin and pulp contents of essential amino acids such as threonine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, and phenylalanine. The amounts of stilbenes also increased under high salinity in the berry skin of all the studied cultivars. Polyamine homeostasis within the different berry tissues suggested enhanced polyamine biosynthesis rather than polyamine oxidation in response to high salinity. Our principal component analysis revealed a clear discrimination between the cultivars based on their metabolic profiles within the ripe berry tissues under high salinity.