25 results on '"Bero, B"'
Search Results
2. Membrane desalination: from nanoscale to real world applications
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Bero, B.
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Membrane Desalination: From Nanoscale to Real World Applications (Collection) -- Sapalidis, Andreas ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Abstract
Membrane desalination: from nanoscale to real world applications, ed. by Andreas Sapalidis. CRC Press, 2021. 400p bibl index ISBN 9780367030797 cloth, $200.00; ISBN 9780429020254 ebook, $58.95 59-3195 TD480 CIP Thirteen [...]
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- 2022
3. Progress Towards Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem in Eritrea: Results of a Systematic Review and Nine Population-based Prevalence Surveys Conducted in 2014
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Tesfazion, A, Zecarias, A, Zewengiel, S, Willis, R, Mebrahtu, G, Capa, E, Mpyet, C, Al-Khatib, T, Courtright, P, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bakhtiari, A, Bero, B, Boisson, S, Bovill, S, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Haddad, D, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, Kalua, K, Kello, AB, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massae, PA, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, West, SK, Tesfazion, A, Zecarias, A, Zewengiel, S, Willis, R, Mebrahtu, G, Capa, E, Mpyet, C, Al-Khatib, T, Courtright, P, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bakhtiari, A, Bero, B, Boisson, S, Bovill, S, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Haddad, D, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, Kalua, K, Kello, AB, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massae, PA, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, and West, SK
- Abstract
PURPOSE: To assess Eritrea's progress towards elimination of trachoma as a public health problem, we reviewed and compiled current knowledge on the distribution and burden of trachoma in Eritrea, then undertook further population-based surveys where indicated, with support from the Global Trachoma Mapping Project (GTMP). METHODS: For the systematic review, undertaken in March 2014, we searched (1) PubMed, using the terms ((blind* or trachoma or trichiasis) AND Eritrea); (2) the online database of rapid assessments of avoidable blindness; (3) our own grey literature collections; and (4) the Global Atlas of Trachoma database. In June and July 2014, we conducted nine population-based prevalence surveys, for each of which 30 villages were systematically selected with probability proportional to population size; in each village, 30 households were systematically selected. All consenting residents of selected households aged ≥1 year were examined by GTMP-certified graders for signs of trachoma. Data on household-level access to water and sanitation were also collected. RESULTS: One previous rapid assessment of avoidable blindness, three peer-reviewed publications, and two grey literature reports detailing sets of trachoma prevalence surveys conducted in 2006 and 2011, respectively, were located. Post-intervention impact surveys were needed in seven evaluation units (EUs, framed at sub-Zoba-level: population range 40,000-120,000) of Debub and Northern Red Sea, while baseline surveys were needed in two EUs of Anseba. Four of the seven impact survey EUs and both baseline survey EUs returned trachomatous inflammation-follicular prevalences in 1-9-year-olds of ≥5%; six of the seven impact survey EUs and one of the two baseline survey EUs returned trichiasis prevalences in ≥15-year-olds of ≥0.2%. The prevalence of access to water and sanitation varied widely between EUs. CONCLUSION: Interventions are still required in Eritrea to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem. Da
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- 2018
4. Prevalence of trachoma in four marakez of Elmenia and Bani Suef Governorates, Egypt
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Amer, K, Mueller, A, Abdelhafiz, HM, Al-Khatib, T, Bakhtiari, A, Boisson, S, El Arab, GE, Gad, H, Gordon, BA, Madian, A, Mahanna, AT, Mokhtar, S, Safa, OH, Samy, M, Shalaby, M, Taha, ZA, Willis, R, Yacoub, A, Mamdouh, AR, Younis, AK, Zoheir, MBE, Courtright, P, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bero, B, Bovill, S, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Haddad, D, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, Kalua, K, Kello, AB, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, West, SK, Amer, K, Mueller, A, Abdelhafiz, HM, Al-Khatib, T, Bakhtiari, A, Boisson, S, El Arab, GE, Gad, H, Gordon, BA, Madian, A, Mahanna, AT, Mokhtar, S, Safa, OH, Samy, M, Shalaby, M, Taha, ZA, Willis, R, Yacoub, A, Mamdouh, AR, Younis, AK, Zoheir, MBE, Courtright, P, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bero, B, Bovill, S, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Haddad, D, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, Kalua, K, Kello, AB, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, and West, SK
- Abstract
PURPOSE: In 2015, to determine where interventions are needed to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem from Egypt, we initiated population-based prevalence surveys using the Global Trachoma Mapping Project platform in four suspected-endemic marakez (districts; singular: markaz) of the governorates of Elmenia and Bani Suef. METHODS: In each markaz, 30 households were selected in each of 25 villages. Certified graders examined a total of 3682 children aged 1-9 years in 2993 households, noting the presence or absence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) and trachomatous inflammation-intense (TI) in each eye. A total of 5582 adults aged ≥15 years living in the same households were examined for trachomatous trichiasis (TT). Household-level access to water and sanitation was recorded. RESULTS: Three of four marakez had age-adjusted TF prevalence estimates in 1-9-year olds of >10%; the other markaz had a TF prevalence estimate of 5-9.9%. Estimates of the age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of unmanaged TT in adults ranged from 0.7% to 2.3%. Household-level access to water and sanitation was high. (We did not, however, measure use of water or sanitation facilities.) Conclusions: Each of the four marakez surveyed has trachoma as a public health problem, with a need for implementation of the SAFE (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness, environmental improvement) strategy. Further mapping is also required to determine the need for interventions in other areas of Egypt.
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- 2018
5. Epidemiology of trachoma and its implications for implementing the 'SAFE' strategy in Somali Region, Ethiopia: results of 14 population-based prevalence surveys
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Duale, AB, Ayele, NN, Macleod, CK, Kello, AB, Gezachew, ZE, Binegdie, A, Dejene, M, Alemayehu, W, Flueckiger, RM, Massae, PA, Willis, R, Negash, BK, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bero, B, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Courtright, P, Emerson, PM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Kalua, DH, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, West, SK, Duale, AB, Ayele, NN, Macleod, CK, Kello, AB, Gezachew, ZE, Binegdie, A, Dejene, M, Alemayehu, W, Flueckiger, RM, Massae, PA, Willis, R, Negash, BK, Solomon, AW, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Bero, B, Brooker, SJ, Bush, S, Chu, BK, Courtright, P, Emerson, PM, Foster, A, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Kalua, DH, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Macleod, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, McCullagh, S, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, B, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pavluck, A, Pearce, J, Resnikoff, S, Sarah, V, Sarr, B, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Thomson, J, and West, SK
- Abstract
PURPOSE: Ethiopia is highly trachoma endemic. Baseline mapping was needed in Ethiopia's Somali Region to guide elimination efforts. METHODS: Cross-sectional community-based surveys were conducted in 34 suspected trachoma-endemic woredas, grouped as 14 evaluation units (EUs), using a standardised mapping methodology developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project. RESULTS: In total, 53,467 individuals were enumerated. A total of 48,058 (89.9%) were present at the time of survey teams' visits and consented to examination. The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) among children aged 1-9 years ranged from 4.1% in the EU covering Danot, Boh, and Geladin woredas in Doolo Subzone to 38.1% in the EU covering Kebribeyah and Hareshen woredas in Fafan Subzone (East). The trichiasis prevalence among adults aged over 15 years varied from 0.1% in the EU covering Afder, Bare, and Dolobay woredas in Afder Subzone (West) to 1.2% in the EU covering Awbere in Fafan Subzone (West). CONCLUSION: Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is needed in 13 EUs (population 2,845,818). Two EUs (population 667,599) had TF prevalences in 1-9-year-olds of ≥30% and will require at least 5 years of MDA; 5 EUs (population 1,1193,032) had TF prevalences of 10-29.9% and need at least three years of MDA; 6 EUs (population 985,187) had TF prevalences of 5-9.9% and need at least one round of azithromycin distribution before re-survey. In all 13 of these EUs, implementation of facial cleanliness and environmental improvement measures is also needed. Surveys are still needed in the remaining 34 unmapped woredas of Somali Region.
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- 2018
6. Peters, Greg. Environmental sustainability for engineers and applied scientists
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Bero, B.
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Environmental Sustainability for Engineers and Applied Scientists (Nonfiction work) -- Peters, Greg -- Svanstrom, Magdalena -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Abstract
Peters, Greg. Environmental sustainability for engineers and applied scientists, by Greg Peters and Magdalena Svanstrom. Cambridge, 2019. 245p bibl index ISBN 9781107166820 cloth, $99.00; ISBN 9781316617731 pbk, $49.99; ISBN 9781316711408 [...]
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- 2019
7. Handbook on household hazardous waste
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Bero, B.
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Handbook on Household Hazardous Waste, 2d ed. (Reference work) -- Cabaniss, Amy D. -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Abstract
Handbook on household hazardous waste, ed. by Amy D. Cabaniss. 2nd ed. Bernan, 2018. 334p index ISBN 9781641433020 pbk, $85.00; ISBN 9781641433037 ebook, $80.5056-2324TD1030CIPWell researched and accessibly written, with a [...]
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- 2019
8. The Global Trachoma Mapping Project: Methodology of a 34-Country Population-Based Study
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Solomon, AW, Pavluck, AL, Courtright, P, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Kello, AB, Bero, B, Brooker, SJ, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, BE, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pearce, J, Sarah, V, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Taylor, HR, Thomson, J, West, SK, Willis, R, Bush, S, Haddad, D, Foster, A, Solomon, AW, Pavluck, AL, Courtright, P, Aboe, A, Adamu, L, Alemayehu, W, Alemu, M, Alexander, NDE, Kello, AB, Bero, B, Brooker, SJ, Chu, BK, Dejene, M, Emerson, PM, Flueckiger, RM, Gadisa, S, Gass, K, Gebre, T, Habtamu, Z, Harvey, E, Haslam, D, King, JD, Le Mesurier, R, Lewallen, S, Lietman, TM, MacArthur, C, Mariotti, SP, Massey, A, Mathieu, E, Mekasha, A, Millar, T, Mpyet, C, Munoz, BE, Ngondi, J, Ogden, S, Pearce, J, Sarah, V, Sisay, A, Smith, JL, Taylor, HR, Thomson, J, West, SK, Willis, R, Bush, S, Haddad, D, and Foster, A
- Abstract
PURPOSE: To complete the baseline trachoma map worldwide by conducting population-based surveys in an estimated 1238 suspected endemic districts of 34 countries. METHODS: A series of national and sub-national projects owned, managed and staffed by ministries of health, conduct house-to-house cluster random sample surveys in evaluation units, which generally correspond to "health district" size: populations of 100,000-250,000 people. In each evaluation unit, we invite all residents aged 1 year and older from h households in each of c clusters to be examined for clinical signs of trachoma, where h is the number of households that can be seen by 1 team in 1 day, and the product h × c is calculated to facilitate recruitment of 1019 children aged 1-9 years. In addition to individual-level demographic and clinical data, household-level water, sanitation and hygiene data are entered into the purpose-built LINKS application on Android smartphones, transmitted to the Cloud, and cleaned, analyzed and ministry-of-health-approved via a secure web-based portal. The main outcome measures are the evaluation unit-level prevalence of follicular trachoma in children aged 1-9 years, prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in adults aged 15 + years, percentage of households using safe methods for disposal of human feces, and percentage of households with proximate access to water for personal hygiene purposes. RESULTS: In the first year of fieldwork, 347 field teams commenced work in 21 projects in 7 countries. CONCLUSION: With an approach that is innovative in design and scale, we aim to complete baseline mapping of trachoma throughout the world in 2015.
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- 2015
9. Biomass as energy source: resources, systems and applications
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Bero, B.
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Biomass as Energy Source: Resources, Systems and Applications (Nonfiction work) -- Dahlquist, Erik -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Abstract
Biomass as energy source: resources, systems and applications, ed. by Erik Dahlquist. CRC Press, 2013. 272p bibl index (Sustainable energy developments, 3) ISBN 9780415620871, $129.95; ISBN 9780203120255 e-book, contact publisher [...]
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- 2013
10. Logic Circuits Operating in Subthreshold Voltages.
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Nyathi, J. and Bero, B.
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- 2006
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11. Bulk CMOS Device Optimization for High-Speed and Ultra-Low Power Operations.
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Bero, B. and Nyathi, J.
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- 2006
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12. Decision support systems for risk-based management of contaminated sites
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Bero, B.
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Decision Support Systems for Risk-Based Management of Contaminated Sites (Collection) -- Marcomini, Antonio -- Suter, Glenn W. -- Critto, Andrea ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Abstract
47-0885 TD1052 MARC Decision support systems for risk-based management of contaminated sites, ed. by Antonio Marcomini, Glenn W. Suter II, and Andrea Critto. Springer, 2009. 435p index afp ISBN 9780387097213, [...]
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- 2009
13. Environmental Engineer's Mathematics Handbook
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Bero, B.
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Environmental Engineer's Mathematics Handbook (Book) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Published
- 2005
14. Elements of environmental engineering: thermodynamics and kinetics
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Bero, B
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Elements of environmental engineering: thermodynamics and kinetics (Book) ,Elements of Environmental Engineering, 2nd Ed. (Book) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Published
- 2000
15. Environmental Chemistry: Essentials of Chemistry for Engineering Practice
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Bero, B.
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Environmental Chemistry (Book) -- Book reviews ,Books -- Book reviews ,Library and information science ,Literature/writing - Published
- 1999
16. Undergraduate environmental engineering education in China
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Bero, B
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- 1999
17. PrEP retention predictors among key populations in urban areas of Zimbabwe - a machine learning approach.
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Bero B, Zidana C, and Showa SP
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- Adult, Male, Adolescent, Humans, Female, Homosexuality, Male, Zimbabwe, HIV Infections epidemiology, HIV Infections prevention & control, HIV Infections drug therapy, Sexual and Gender Minorities, Sex Workers, Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis methods, Anti-HIV Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) success depends on adherence and hence retention in care. It is vital to find factors that affect PrEP retention to make this HIV-prevention method successful. The main objectives of this study were to identify the major determinants of PrEP retention at six months from day of initiation and to determine PrEP retention clusters. Data of people who were initiated on PrEP care at Population Services International sites between 2017 and 2019 in Zimbabwe were used. Determinants of PrEP retention were identified using multivariable logistic regression and partitioning around medoids (PAM) cluster analysis to determine the number and composition of PrEP retention clusters. Significant PrEP retention determinants were found to be population type, sex, marital status, employment type, age and education level. Female sex workers were most likely to stay on PrEP compared to other users. We found that PrEP users could be grouped into three risk clusters: cluster 1 consisted of married adult males who are high-risk individuals; cluster 2 consisted of the young single men who have sex with men (MSM); and cluster 3 consisted of adult women who are separated or divorced and employed as sex workers. The retention rates were 32%, 24% and 44% for clusters 1 to 3 respectively. We conclude that adults, female sex workers, high-risk individuals, women, people without or with little education and sex workers stay on PrEP better than youths, MSM, men and educated and employed individuals.
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- 2023
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18. Considerations for Program Managers to Improve Sexual and Reproductive Health Services for Displaced Populations.
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Doherty P, Wheeler E, Mochache V, Mark TJ, Luttah G, Bero B, Clancy E, Cockroft M, Omar A, Robins G, Penrose-Theis K, and Todd A
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- 2023
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19. Optimising age adjustment of trichiasis prevalence estimates using data from 162 standardised surveys from seven regions of Ethiopia.
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Macleod CK, Porco TC, Dejene M, Shafi O, Kebede B, Negussu N, Bero B, Taju S, Adamu Y, Negash K, Haileselassie T, Riang J, Badei A, Bakhtiari A, Willis R, Bailey RL, and Solomon AW
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- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Cluster Analysis, Ethiopia epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Young Adult, Population Surveillance methods, Trichiasis epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: The prevalence of trichiasis is higher in females and increases markedly with age. Surveys carried out in the daytime, particularly in developing countries, are prone to find older individuals and females at home at the time of the survey. Population-level trichiasis estimates should adjust sample proportions to reflect the demographic breakdown of the population, although the most accurate method of doing this is unclear., Methods: Having obtained data from 162 surveys carried out in Ethiopia as part of the Global Trachoma Mapping Project from 2012 to 2015, we used internal validation with both Brier and Logarithmic forecast scoring to test stratification models to identify those models with the highest predictive accuracy. Selection of partitions was undertaken by both simple random sampling (SRS) and cluster sampling (CS) over 8192 selections., Results: A total of 4529 (1.9%) cases of trichiasis were identified from 241,139 individuals aged ≥15 years from a total of 4210 kebeles and 122,090 households visited. Overall, the binning method using 5-year bands from age 15 to 69 years, with coarser binning in 20-year age-bands above this age, provided the best predictive accuracy, in both SRS and CS methodologies and for both the Brier and Logarithmic scoring rules., Conclusion: The greatest predictive accuracy for trichiasis estimates was found by adjusting for sex and in 5-year age-bands from the age of 15 to 69 years and in 20-year age-bands in those aged 70 years and greater. Trichiasis surveys attempting to make population-level inferences should use this method to optimise surgery backlog estimates.
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- 2019
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20. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Trachoma in Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia: Results of 79 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys Conducted with the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.
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Bero B, Macleod C, Alemayehu W, Gadisa S, Abajobir A, Adamu Y, Alemu M, Adamu L, Dejene M, Mekasha A, Habtamu Jemal Z, Yadeta D, Shafi O, Kiflu G, Willis R, Flueckiger RM, Chu BK, Pavluck AL, and Solomon AW
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- Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ethiopia epidemiology, Female, Global Health, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Trachoma epidemiology, Trichiasis epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map in Oromia, Ethiopia, by determining prevalences of trichiasis and trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) at evaluation unit (EU) level, covering all districts (woredas) without current prevalence data or active control programs, and to identify factors associated with disease., Methods: Using standardized methodologies and training developed for the Global Trachoma Mapping Project, we conducted cross-sectional community-based surveys from December 2012 to July 2014., Results: Teams visited 46,244 households in 2037 clusters from 252 woredas (79 EUs). A total of 127,357 individuals were examined. The overall age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of trichiasis in adults was 0.82% (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.70-0.94%), with 72 EUs covering 240 woredas having trichiasis prevalences above the elimination threshold of 0.2% in those aged ≥15 years. The overall age-adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds was 23.4%, with 56 EUs covering 218 woredas shown to need implementation of the A, F and E components of the SAFE strategy (surgery, antibiotics, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement) for 3 years before impact surveys. Younger age, female sex, increased time to the main source of water for face-washing, household use of open defecation, low mean precipitation, low mean annual temperature, and lower altitude, were independently associated with TF in children. The 232 woredas in 64 EUs in which TF prevalence was ≥5% require implementation of the F and E components of the SAFE strategy., Conclusion: Both active trachoma and trichiasis are highly prevalent in much of Oromia, constituting a significant public health problem for the region.
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- 2016
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21. The Contribution of MRI after Fetal Anomalies Have Been Diagnosed by Ultrasound: Correlation with Postnatal Outcomes.
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Verburg B, Fink AM, Reidy K, and Palma-Dias R
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- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Prognosis, Retrospective Studies, Young Adult, Fetus abnormalities, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Prenatal Diagnosis methods, Ultrasonography, Prenatal
- Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the assessment and management of fetuses with abnormal findings on ultrasound., Methods: A total of 257 patients who had fetal MRI following the ultrasound diagnosis of a fetal anomaly, or were at high risk, were included. The patients were grouped by referral category for fetal MRI. Fetal MRI was compared to ultrasound in the detection of anomalies, i.e. whether additional findings were identified and if this changed diagnosis, prognosis and management during pregnancy., Results: Ultrasound findings were confirmed on fetal MRI in 89% of the cases. Additional findings were seen with MRI in 28% of all patients. The diagnosis changed in 21% and the prognosis in 19% of the cases. Perinatal management changed in 8%. The antenatal findings were confirmed in all cases that had a postmortem examination following termination of pregnancy. In all the pregnancies that continued to delivery and for which the postnatal outcome is known, the findings correlated in 97% of the cases., Conclusion: Fetal MRI provided additional detection of fetal anomalies, leading to a change in diagnosis and prognosis in 19% of the cases. Neonatal and postmortem findings mostly confirmed the fetal MRI diagnosis, suggesting it to be a useful tool for clinical decision making in perinatal management., (© 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2015
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22. The Global Trachoma Mapping Project: Methodology of a 34-Country Population-Based Study.
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Solomon AW, Pavluck AL, Courtright P, Aboe A, Adamu L, Alemayehu W, Alemu M, Alexander ND, Kello AB, Bero B, Brooker SJ, Chu BK, Dejene M, Emerson PM, Flueckiger RM, Gadisa S, Gass K, Gebre T, Habtamu Z, Harvey E, Haslam D, King JD, Mesurier RL, Lewallen S, Lietman TM, MacArthur C, Mariotti SP, Massey A, Mathieu E, Mekasha A, Millar T, Mpyet C, Muñoz BE, Ngondi J, Ogden S, Pearce J, Sarah V, Sisay A, Smith JL, Taylor HR, Thomson J, West SK, Willis R, Bush S, Haddad D, and Foster A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Blindness prevention & control, Child, Child, Preschool, Cluster Analysis, Community Health Planning, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Hygiene standards, Infant, Male, Prevalence, Sanitation standards, Water Supply standards, Endemic Diseases statistics & numerical data, Global Health, Trachoma epidemiology, Trichiasis epidemiology
- Abstract
Purpose: To complete the baseline trachoma map worldwide by conducting population-based surveys in an estimated 1238 suspected endemic districts of 34 countries., Methods: A series of national and sub-national projects owned, managed and staffed by ministries of health, conduct house-to-house cluster random sample surveys in evaluation units, which generally correspond to "health district" size: populations of 100,000-250,000 people. In each evaluation unit, we invite all residents aged 1 year and older from h households in each of c clusters to be examined for clinical signs of trachoma, where h is the number of households that can be seen by 1 team in 1 day, and the product h × c is calculated to facilitate recruitment of 1019 children aged 1-9 years. In addition to individual-level demographic and clinical data, household-level water, sanitation and hygiene data are entered into the purpose-built LINKS application on Android smartphones, transmitted to the Cloud, and cleaned, analyzed and ministry-of-health-approved via a secure web-based portal. The main outcome measures are the evaluation unit-level prevalence of follicular trachoma in children aged 1-9 years, prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis in adults aged 15 + years, percentage of households using safe methods for disposal of human feces, and percentage of households with proximate access to water for personal hygiene purposes., Results: In the first year of fieldwork, 347 field teams commenced work in 21 projects in 7 countries., Conclusion: With an approach that is innovative in design and scale, we aim to complete baseline mapping of trachoma throughout the world in 2015.
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- 2015
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23. Teaching ethics to engineers: ethical decision making parallels the engineering design process.
- Author
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Bero B and Kuhlman A
- Subjects
- Arizona, Engineering education, Engineering methods, Humans, Universities, Writing standards, Curriculum, Decision Making ethics, Engineering ethics, Ethics, Professional education, Problem Solving ethics, Teaching methods
- Abstract
In order to fulfill ABET requirements, Northern Arizona University's Civil and Environmental engineering programs incorporate professional ethics in several of its engineering courses. This paper discusses an ethics module in a 3rd year engineering design course that focuses on the design process and technical writing. Engineering students early in their student careers generally possess good black/white critical thinking skills on technical issues. Engineering design is the first time students are exposed to "grey" or multiple possible solution technical problems. To identify and solve these problems, the engineering design process is used. Ethical problems are also "grey" problems and present similar challenges to students. Students need a practical tool for solving these ethical problems. The step-wise engineering design process was used as a model to demonstrate a similar process for ethical situations. The ethical decision making process of Martin and Schinzinger was adapted for parallelism to the design process and presented to students as a step-wise technique for identification of the pertinent ethical issues, relevant moral theories, possible outcomes and a final decision. Students had greatest difficulty identifying the broader, global issues presented in an ethical situation, but by the end of the module, were better able to not only identify the broader issues, but also to more comprehensively assess specific issues, generate solutions and a desired response to the issue.
- Published
- 2011
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24. Further studies using X-ray fluorescence to sample lead contaminated carpeted surfaces.
- Author
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Bero BN, von Braun MC, Knowles CR, and Hammel JE
- Abstract
The sampling of carpeted surfaces to test for lead contamination primarily focuses upon vacuum techniques. Vacuum sampling techniques, however, require time-consuming, expensive laboratory analysis of the dusts obtained and are unable to determine total lead load on the carpet. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is an on-site, inexpensive, non-destructive, quick technique for predicting metals levels in a variety of media, such as water, soil, filter paper and painted surfaces. A 1992 study of the feasibility of XRF to analyze for lead and soil loadings on carpeted surfaces indicated that XRF can detect lead at a low enough level to warrant further study. This paper expands this earlier study and developes lead and soil loading calibration curves for three different carpet types based upon XRF lead L-beta peak areas and XRF iron and barium K-alpha peak and background areas. Results indicate that variation in the data can be reduced through modifications of the XRF analysis technique, thus reducing the statistically determined detection level, and that carpet type does affect the calibration. Detection levels of approximately 70 mg/m(2) for lead and 5 g/m(2) for soil were obtained. Overall, good agreement was found between results of this study and the earlier one. XRF shows excellent potential for quantitative analysis of lead on carpeted surfaces.
- Published
- 1995
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25. The use of X-ray fluorescence to detect lead contamination of carpeted surfaces.
- Author
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Bero BN, Von Braun MC, Knowles CR, and Hammel JE
- Abstract
The recognition of the hazards to young children of low-level lead intoxication and the widespread distribution of lead in the urban environment have resulted in massive federal, state, and local lead awareness and abatement programs. Two of the most significant exposure routes of lead to young children are the soils and dusts found within the child's home. Most state and federal lead abatement programs deal with lead-based paint contamination but often do not address the issue of soft-surface contamination, such as that of carpets, furniture, and draperies. Carpets can be a reservoir of contaminated soils and dusts; currently, there exists no standard method to test carpeted surfaces for lead contamination.This paper describes a study that uses X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to test carpeted surfaces for lead contamination. XRF technology is the standard technology used in lead-based paint testing and is known to be an accurate technique to test for lead in soils. This study uses a controlled laboratory atmosphere to evaluate this technology; the objectives are to determine: (1) a lower limit of detection for the instrument; and (2) whether soil loading levels can be differentiated by XRF using trace elements also present in the soil. Results indicate that XRF can easily differentiate soil loading levels (g soil/m(2) carpet). The lower limit of detection of soil lead concentration on the carpet is a function of both soil lead concentration and soil loading; therefore, lead loading (mg Pb/m(2)) is a better indicator of detection limit than soil lead concentration. Lead loading detection levels from 108-258 mg Pb/m(2) were obtained, as compared to a level of 10 000 mg/m(2) (1 mg/cm(2)) for lead on painted surfaces as required by theLead-Based Paint Poisoning Prevention Act.XRF technology has the potential to be a fast, inexpensive screening technique for the evaluation of lead contamination on carpeted surfaces.
- Published
- 1993
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