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Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are being researched for various applications, ranging from sensors to logic gates and neuromorphic hardware. To meet the requirements of these diverse applications, the device fabrication process must be compatible with flexible and scalable digital techniques. Here, we report a direct-write additive process to fabricate fully 3D-printed OECTs, using 3D printable conducting, semiconducting, insulating, and electrolyte inks. These 3D-printed OECTs, which operate in the depletion mode, can be fabricated on flexible substrates, resulting in high mechanical and environmental stability. The 3D-printed OECTs have good dopamine biosensing capabilities (limit of detection down to 6 mu M without metal gate electrodes) and show long-term (similar to 1 h) synapse response, indicating their potential for various applications such as sensors and neuromorphic hardware. This manufacturing strategy is suitable for applications that require rapid design changes and digitally enabled direct-write techniques. Funding Agencies|Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; Swedish Research Council [2020-03243]; European Commission through the MSCA-IF-2020 project BEACON [SFO-Mat-LiU 200900971]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linkoeping University [19310]; AForsk [GA-964677]; FET-OPEN project MITICS; [GA-101024191]; [18-313]

An overview of cytokine biosensing is provided, with a focus on the opportunities provided by organic electronic platforms for monitoring these inflammation biomarkers which manifest at ultralow concentration levels in physiopathological conditions. Specifically, two of the fields state-of-the-art technologies-organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs)-and their use in sensing cytokines and other proteins associated with inflammation are a particular focus. The overview will include an introduction to current clinical and "gold standard" quantification techniques and their limitations in terms of cost, time, and required infrastructure. A critical review of recent progress with OECT- and EGOFET-based protein biosensors is presented, alongside a discussion onthe future of these technologies in the years and decades ahead. This is especially timely as the world grapples with limited healthcare diagnostics during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)pandemic where one of the worst-case scenarios for patients is the "cytokine storm." Clearly, low-cost point-of-care technologies provided by OECTs and EGOFETs can ease the global burden on healthcare systems and support professionals by providing unprecedented wealth of data that can help to monitor disease progression in real time. Funding Agencies|European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant [813863]; Swedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchSwedish Foundation for Strategic Research; Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationKnut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation

Streitpunkte in der Kfz-Kasko- und Haftpflichtversicherung Dieses Werk untersucht die Einfluss- und Gestaltungsmoglichkeiten des Versicherers in der Kfz-Kasko--wie in der Haftpflichtversicherung. Kfz-Sachschaden werden in aller Regel ausergerichtlich reguliert, wobei dem Kfz-Versicherer in der Praxis eine entscheidende Rolle zukommt. Die Interessen des Versicherers decken sich nicht immer mit jenen des Geschadigten; Werkstattbetreiber und Sachverstandige geraten mitunter zwischen die Fronten. Praktische Streitpunkte beinhalten technische Reparaturfragen ebenso wie das Prognose- und Werkstattrisiko, Werkstattverweise oder die Frage, ob der Geschadigte einen eigenen Kfz-Sachverstandigen mit der Begutachtung des Schadens beauftragen kann.

The authors examine the intricate questions of liability for climate change-related damage. They take a comparative approach and after informing about the developments in the mother country of climate change litigation – the United States of America – turn to an in-depth analysis of liability for tort.

§ 1489 ABGB; § 44 AktG; § 11 KMG; § 275 UGB. § 11 Abs 7 KMG verdrangt die allgemeinen Verjahrungsregeln des § 1489 ABGB, deswegen konnen Prospekthaftungsanspruche vor Ablauf der objektiven Praklusivfrist auch dann nicht verjahren, wenn der Anleger in Kenntnis von Schaden und Schadiger ist.

Austrian rules on self-dealing have traditionally been limited to formal conflicts of interest. Recent court decisions, however, put substance over form. This article provides an in-depth analysis of this development and examines whether substantive conflicts of interest can also void contracts with third parties.