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For the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis with inflammatory head enlargement, several types of resections are available, like the Beger, Frey, Berne, and Whipple procedures. The present work gives a comparison of these techniques and new recommendations about the pancreatojejunal and the biliary anastomosis. Two hundred thirty pancreatic head resections were performed during the last 30 years. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were analyzed, respectively. A questionnaire was used to investigate the late results. The statistical analysis proved that the Berne and the Frey procedure were the most advantageous regarding the length of the operation, the need for transfusion, the postoperative intensive care unit, and total hospital stay. The early morbidity rate was significantly better after the Frey, than after the Whipple procedure. There were no differences between the operations, concerning the reoperation and mortality rates. Patients' quality of life was acceptable, despite the continuous alcohol and nicotine abuse in most of them. Due to the better early outcomes, both the Frey and the Berne operations are preferable; however, the latter one is technically the simplest and the shortest intervention. During both procedures, a modification of the pancreatojejunal anastomosis and, in case of a cholestasis, an extrapancreatic biliodigestive anastomosis are recommended, due to the advantageous experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author reviews the development of Adult ego state theories and their applicability to people of different neurotypes. He examines progress in the field of brain hemisphere research and highlights perceptual differences between the right and left brain hemispheres, which actuate the Adult ego state. Applying this research to how the Adult ego state has been modeled in TA, the author questions whether a single model can capture the full functional capacity of the Adult and challenges a valorization of the Adult ego state. Ways in which current Adult ego state models might be adapted are suggested to accommodate the breadth of neurological variance in practitioners and clients. The author then reconceptualizes Adult ego state functioning to inform readers about how the Adult operates differently across neurotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisha Pandya's recent Transactional Analysis Journal article entitled "Touching Practice: An Exploration of Runanubandh, Touch, and Contact in Psychotherapy" offers a detailed overview of her work with physical touch in transactional analysis practice. In referencing the author's (Novak's) work with clinical touch, Pandya showed how she made use of his ideas while retaining her own unique ways of thinking about and working with touch. In this way, Pandya advances the profession's need for multiple perspectives on working with clinical touch. Of particular interest to the author here is relational aspects of clinical touch, including transference and countertransference. This included emphasis on and recognition of how both client and therapist are experiencing touch rather than the therapist being seen as an unimpacted observer. Pandya's informed and disciplined approach to touch can be witnessed in the clinical case she offered in her paper. Her work invites us to think more deeply about when and how to make use of clinical touch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will reveal that the tragic characters' unconscious wants, beliefs and desires have a direct influence on their behaviour and their interactions and contribute to the unfolding of the tragic plot in Racine's Phèdre. This work uses Eric Berne's transactional analysis to explore the psychoanalytical dimension of Phèdre's behaviour towards Hippolyte in order to go beyond Roland Barthes's interpretations of this dynamic as a 'rapport de force'. Hence, the development of the tragic action within the play and implicitly Hippolyte's demise becomes the composite result of the characters' unconscious needs, desires and beliefs, which influence their decisions, actions and interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author explores the idea of "cure" in relation to his own work as a therapist as well as the work of all those involved in the healing and changing professions. He argues that we create reality with the words we use, and using such words as cure can evoke a medical context with all the expectations that come with that. His own work is based on the principle that a healing experience can be the beginning of a change process. He explores the role options play in the process of healing and change and how having them can be the difference between staying in a game or walking one's own chosen destiny in life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Introduction Proverbs as one of the best areas of research on the ideas of speakers of a language, part of the literature of any country is its people as the best way to express ideas common among the self-chosen, so the species that we as folk literature know, proverbs part of the literature suggests counts people as language empower their psychological states. Check contrast Proverbs, Persian and Arabic, focusing on women, based on the likes and Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal, could represent a part of the mentality speakers of Persian and Arabic, especially when the survey compared with the use of the insights of psychology Eric Berne and Alfred Adler. To examine the psychological effects and consequences of the proverbs of a language, one must use psychological perspectives. The focus of this article is on the position of women in Persian and Arabic proverbs; therefore, the authors will attempt to examine the position of women in Persian and Arabic proverbs on the basis of the views of Eric Berne and Alfred Adler on a more comprehensive view of the differences and commonalities between cultures. These two languages ​​can be achieved. Our reliance on the proverbs in Persian language will be based on Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and in Arabic on Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal. The reason for choosing these two works is that despite numerous works in this field, Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal are still the most complete works in Persian and Arabic languages in this field. 2. Methodolgy This research is based on the library method, using analysis, description and analysis of the proverbial statistics of the subject in each language. The research is thus explained first by Alfred Adler's focus on fundamental error theory and by Eric Berne’s focus on pollution theory; In the next step, these proverbs in each language show their percentages of contamination and inaccuracy, in percentage terms. Finally, a comparative study of the data is performed to reach the final conclusion. 3. Discussion A careful examination of the position of women in proverbs of Amsal va hekam and Majmol Alamsal based on the psychological perspectives of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne, and with regard to the fundamental questions, suggest that some errors and omissions can be made. The speaker of a language is someone that whenever he finds a literary statement appealing to him and can express his mental states and desires, he chooses it and quotes it at such a high frequency that it becomes little more than a proverb; The public, on the one hand, is a manifestation of the culture and type of vernacular of a language, at least in the past, and on the other hand can be recognized as an influential factor on the general public in the future, and must be scrutinized carefully to assess its potential harm. Be. The importance of such studies becomes even more pronounced when the proverbs are sometimes so popular among the public that they invoke it as a solid and undeniable idea and, on the basis of their placement, argue on various issues. In the Persian proverbs of of Amsal va hekam and in the Arabic proverbs, the position of women is psychological in several respects. It should be borne in mind that all of what has been explained as fundamental errors and psychological contamination in the theoretical foundations can overlap in the study of proverbs, which overlaps in the different attitudes that the proverb may have. To better understand the position of women in proverbs, based on the psychological perspective of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne, we extracted the proverbs of both languages ​​from in Proverbs of Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal and categorized them into five groups, considering the difference in the number of proverbs. In these books, to gain a deeper understanding, in addition to explaining the psychological issues associated with the chart, we outlined their percentages in each language to make the comparative study and final conclusions easier. 4. Conclusion A detailed and comparative statistical examination of the position of women in Proverbs of Dehkhoda’s Amsal va hekam and Mayadani’s Majmol Alamsal based on the psychological perspectives of Alfred Adler and Eric Berne leads us to conclude that some proverbs have attitudes to fundamental misconception and contamination with women; Five groups led us to the following results: A. There is a 2.09% increase in Majmol Alamsal than Amsal va hekam and verdicts of the pollster's attitude, along with a fundamental misconception that women are hurting men, so there is a widespread attitude among Arab speakers, of course; With more than 23 percent of Arabic proverbs and more than 20 percent of Persian proverbs. B. Concerning the perception that women are fundamentally less powerful than men, there is a 6.41 per cent higher prevalence in Majmol Alamsal than Amsal va hekam, which may be a more profound indication that this view is present in the Arabic cultural background. C. Looking at women as a commodity to fulfill men's desires, 14.19 percent of Amsal va hekam and 11.53 percent of Majmol Alamsal; it is estimated that in Persian proverbs, this means a higher frequency of 2. The Arabic proverbs in this regard are, to a lesser degreerior. D. The attitude associated with contamination and fundamental misconception that restricting women is necessary to protect them from error is visible in the proverbial Persian Amsal va hekam 6.17% and in the Arabic Majmol Alamsal 3.84%. Although this attitude is relatively low in the proverbs, it is evident that in Persian, with a tolerance of about twice as much as the Arabic language, this attitude is emphasized as a worthy figure. E. In the case of proverbs that are judged to be healthy, the status of Amsal va hekam are better than Majmol Alamsal. Although there is not much difference in this case, in any case the frequency of healthy Persian proverbs is 3.51% higher than Majmol Alamsal, so the position of the Persian proverbs can be slightly improved on this view. Knowing that 58.03% of Amsal va hekam and 61.54% of Majmol Alamsal are psychologically contaminated and mistaken, alerts us to the fact that in the context of Arabic, Persian, and Arabic literary pretexts, More than healthy, non-traumatic statements. Lack of attention to this issue can have unpleasant consequences for human society in the long run; proverbs as an integral part of popular culture affect the culture and thought of speakers of any language.

The history of seventeenth-century Swiss Brethren in the State of Bern has been one of growth, persecution, and support from sympathetic neighbors. Their struggles and persistence have inspired a number of authors to produce fictional narratives dealing with the brethren in their Bernese homeland. This article examines Rudolf von Tavel’s historical novel Der Frondeur (1929), in which he depicts the persecuted brotherhood in Bern. The following analysis exposes the way in which the author has fictionalized the Anabaptist group, its commitment to theological and ethical aspects, and the experience of persecution. In particular, the study investigates which characteristics drawn from Ernst Müller’s historical account of the Swiss Brethren have been modified and adjusted to serve Tavel’s storyline. As a result, my study reveals the author’s underlying concept of civic duty and the formation of a Swiss national identity cloaked by his literary articulation of encounters between the Bernese society and the religious minority.

This article presents a focused review of the research literature in transactional analysis (TA). TA was developed in the 1950s as a theory of human personality and social behavior and as a comprehensive form of psychotherapy, but there has not been any systematic research to test the empirical evidence for the efficacy of TA theory and practice. The aim of this study was to develop the conceptual model of transactional analysis on the basis of a systematic review of the actual, self-reported practice of international TA psychotherapists and on the evidence found in research. The article systematically reviews common conceptual components of TA and their empirical evidence by examining the common denominator and the empirical evidence for the central clinical phenomenon, etiology, therapeutic mechanisms, therapeutic competencies, outcomes, and synthesis. TA focuses on problems in ego states (operationalized as Parent, Adult, and Child) with distinctive behavioral functions of Controlling Parent, Nurturing Parent, Adult, Adapted Child, and Free Child. Individuals can develop long-term problems in their ego states, social functioning, and self-efficacy as the result of unfavorable messages from their social context (negative parental messages in early life, lack of developing mature coping mechanisms, intergenerational messages, negative stroke balance), script decisions (accepting or rejecting unfavorable messages via behavior, emotional disconnection, or cognitive styles), life events, and genetics/temperament. TA treatment intends to help clients by developing constructive ego states, improving social functioning, and stimulating a sense of self-efficacy. Research confirms that TA improves psychopathology, behavior, and general well-being thanks to improvement in ego states, self-efficacy, and social functioning. These effects are achieved by four evidence-based therapist competencies: creating a positive client-practitioner relationship, working with experiences in the present, etiological analysis (life scripts, injunctions, counterinjunctions), and therapeutic structure (treatment contracts, treatment stages, psychoeducation/didactics). Meta-analysis of 75 studies shows that TA has moderate to large positive effects on psychopathology, self-efficacy, social functioning, and ego states. This conceptual model shows that TA can be considered a bona fide and evidence-based treatment for a wide range of clients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores links between normativity, marginality, and deviance via the experiences of the author, a trainee psychotherapist on a psychiatric placement in an American mental health emergency services unit. Drawing on her own experience as a woman of Sri Lankan heritage living in postcolonial Great Britain, she weaves together themes of identity, power, and marginalization, asking questions about the lived experience of those who are positioned as deviant by normative society. She uses the work of social and political theorists to illustrate how such themes are integrated at a wider group level. Two distinct forms of writing are used as a self-reflexive mechanism offering both personal revelation and critical analysis: the autoethnographical and the theoretical as a method of intersubjective textual speculation on that which lies in and outside of awareness. The author holds the view that there are gains to be made when we place psychotherapeutic concerns back into the world in which we live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de uma formulação pur-on contendo a associação de cipermetrina (5%), clorpirifós (7%), butóxido de pireronila (5%) e fluazuron (2,5%) no controle da mosca D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados. Foram utilizados 20 bovinos, mestiços, infestados naturalmente por D. hominis. Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, controle (não tratado) e medicado, contendo 10 bovinos em cada, com base nas contagens de larvas vivas antes do tratamento. Os animais do grupo tratado foram medicados com a associação de cipermetrina (5mg/kg), clorpirifós (7mg/kg), butóxido de pireronila (5mg/kg) e fluazuron (2,5mg/kg), na dose de 1ml para cada 10 quilos de peso vivo, pela via tópica (“pour on”) em dose única. O número médio de larvas vivas no grupo controle foi 24,4±8,11, 23,2±6,49, 25,9±8,97 e no grupo tratado 24,7±8,34, 1,1±1,04 e 0,7±0,78 nos dias zero, sete e 14 dias após o tratamento. A eficácia bernicida foi avaliada sete e 14 dias após o tratamento, a partir da contagem dos nódulos contendo larvas vivas nos animais dos dois. A eficácia da associação testada neste estudo foi de 95,26% e 97,30% nos dias sete e 14 respectivamente. A associação de cipermetrina, clorpirifós, butóxido de pireronila e fluazuron na formulação “pour on” é eficaz no controle de D. hominis em bovinos naturalmente infestados.

This article considers the origins and development of transactional analysis. The focus is on the philosophical premises that underpin the ideology of this theory. Accounting for social and political context, the writer reviews the times these premises were founded and their relevance in our contemporary international world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the preconditions for personal growth is self-awareness? that is because real change comes from the heart. If people become aware of their behaviour and their communication patterns, they will be able to modify their lives in a positive direction. When they recognize their problems that need correction and resolve them, they will be able to achieve harmony between the self and the Other. Guided by Eric Berne's theory of Translational Analysis, this article examines how Leila Abouzeid's The Last Chapter and Laila Halaby's West of the Jordan pinpoint the social ills of Arab societies in an attempt to effect a measure of healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a theological debate on church discipline between Calvinist pastors living in the French speaking territory of Pays de Vaud and the Zwinglian City-state of Berne from the mid-1530s to 1560. From 1536 Pays de Vaud belonged to the Bernese protestant administration but consisted primarily of French refugee pastors allegiant to Calvin and his ideas. They Calvinists of Pays de Vaud questioned the civil magistrate's right to interfere into church affairs especially into the practice of church discipline, such as exclusion from the Lord's Supper and excommunication from the congregation. According to the Zwinglian establishment of Berne the right for exclusion and excommunication belonged to the civil magistrates. In the Calvinists' view the appropriate administrator of the exclusion and excommunication was the Genevian-type consistory, consisting of both clerical and civilian elected members. Noteworthy significance can be attributed to the events in the Pays de Vaud. On the one hand, banished from Bernese territory most of the Calvinist pastors of Vaud were sent to reinforce the French underground evangelical movement. The Calvinists' failure in the Pays de Vaud turned Calvin's attention to France by which the Calvinism became a world phenomenon. On the other hand, from this struggle emerged a theological justification for the state's supremacy over church affairs, namely by Wolfgang Musculus' De Magistratibus. Interestingly, this justification played a more important role in later times than in the actual controversy: Thomas Erastus, the builder of the territorial state-church of the Palatinate, John Withgift, the archbishop of Canterbury and the protector of Tudor-Absolutism against the Puritans, and the Dutch Remonstrants all were influenced by the teaching of Musculus. The goal of this paper is to present how the two controversial sides regulated its church affairs and, in addition, to show the highpoint of the debate between Calvin's Vaudois adherers and the Bernese Magistrate for the government of the church, especially for the right of excommunication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author suggests that, in the aftermath of the proliferation of new personal change systems in the 1970s and 1980s, many practitioners concentrated on pathology and problems. This meant that some early transactional analysts missed the opportunity to explore the nature of physis (Berne, 1947) fully as a living force, including its origins and how to use it in everyday life. In this article, based on the author’s extensive exposure to Eastern teachers and his therapeutic training and experience, the term life energy replaces physis, having Life as its origin and grounding as a powerful way to harness it in everyday living. The author claims that grounding makes daily life much easier and more fulfilling because it produces palpable physical, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual balance. The oneness, completion, fulfillment, and healing in these changes are so profound because they arise from Life mysteriously drawing us into itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associações espaço-temporais entre os fatores envolvidos na distribuição sazonal das larvas da mosca do berne - Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) - em bovinos foram analisadas por geoprocessamento, utilizando-se o sistema de análise geoambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, no município de Seropédica, RJ. Na primavera, 50% da área do município foi muito favorável ao desenvolvimento dessa miíase. Esse grau de favorabilidade reduziu-se para 35%, 23% e 12% no verão, outono e inverno, respectivamente.Space-temporal associations between factors involved in the seasonal distribution of Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) fly larvae in cattle were analyzed by geoprocessing using the geo-environment system of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, in the municipality of Seropédica, RJ. In the spring, 50% of the area was favorable, reducing its extension to 35% in the summer, to 23% in the fall and to 12% in the winter.

The author uses Eric Berne’s metaphor of secret gardens to explore therapeutic relationships that allow for a fuller immersion in the client’s private internal world. Garden work requires a level of therapeutic intimacy that matches the depth of this private space and also, perhaps, adjustments to the therapeutic frame that are specific to the client’s unique issues and needs. This way of working and relating can create fears and vulnerabilities for both client and therapist, and, at times, the changes may feel transgressive. The author defines transgressive in therapy as work with a specific client that violates family protocols or traditional therapeutic frames but is not unethical. He describes how the transgressive functions as a bridge of exploration between regressive work and movement toward more progressive ways of relating and being. Throughout the article, the author reflects on his own personal garden work to help connect theory with practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the century-long pairing of international wars followed by periods of resurgent interest in group psychotherapy and community-based treatment. It then focuses on the evolution of group and community treatment models, drawing on the work of Sigmund Freud, Trigant Burrow, Wilfred Bion, S. H. Foulkes, and Eric Berne to explore and illustrate the societal functions and difficulties of living and working in groups. The author offers his personal reflections on working with groups and concludes with a discussion of how group analytic models can extend the traditional models of transactional analysis group treatment to enhance the capacity of members to work with conflict, difference, and unconscious projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A erradicação da bicheira, Cochliomyia hominivorax dos EUA, da América Central e do Norte da África tornou-se uma realidade criando e liberando machos estéreis. Por que nos não decidimos também erradicar este inseto da América do Sul? Antes de tomar uma atitude corajosa, nós discutiremos neste trabalho as razões científicas, ecológicas e econômicas. O berne, Dermatobia hominis não tem sido erradicado de nenhum pais, devido a que não dispomos de técnicas para sua criação massal em dietas artificiais. Estão faltando também estudos sobre a dispersão, comportamento sexual e sítios de agregação dos adultos no campo. Devido a que as miíases continuarão sendo controladas basicamente com inseticidas, recomendações para manejar a resistência aos inseticidas e estudos sobre métodos alternativos são discutidos visando um Manejo Integrado do berne e da bicheira com fundamentos ecológicos.

The author discusses theories of ego states and the Self based in the work of Pio Scilligo within his model of social-cognitive transactional analysis. One of the founding theorists of transactional analysis in Italy, Scilligo proposed a model of ego states based in social psychology. This article examines the similarities and significant differences between Scilligo’s model and the one developed by Eric Berne. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Winnicott’s thesis that the capacity to play is both a developmental achievement and an essential aspect of the therapeutic process, this article underscores the importance of play in the creation of an imaginative and exploratory space within human relations work. The author explores the possibility of play being conceptualized as the seventh form of time structuring as defined by Berne, one situated between games and intimacy and providing a bridge between the two. Using case vignettes, play is further described as a therapeutic alternative to game analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article draws on first-person narratives about sudden deaths that create overwhelming grief and the near impossibility of mourning. These narratives inform and expand psychotherapeutic theories and practices about grief and mourning. The author includes an autobiographical case study about the termination of his own long-term psychotherapy and his subsequent accompaniment of that therapist through his terminal illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conferencia dictada en honor de Eric Berne por Gregory Bateson. El autor revisa algunos de sus conceptos clave, como el de ecología de la mente, percepción de diferencias, la teoría de los tipos lógicos y las metodologías de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Texto de valor histórico.

This article argues that Eric Berne’s professional anxieties and biases were the ground in which counseling in transactional analysis came to be assigned a second-class professional status. The author examines the impact of Berne’s investment in creating a transactional analysis psychotherapy at the expense of other modes of facilitating learning and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the Copyright Amendment Bill, 2010 of India, this paper explores the feasibility in the international context, of compulsory licence, to ensure information dissemination while safeguarding the interests of copyright owners and the Indian legal position in this respect. Though India pioneered the pressure group for ensuring recognition of compulsory licence in international norms in the discussions of the Berne Convention, it is interesting how her own laws were drafted and how the new Bill is addressing this issue. The problem of access to the information from the developed countries in the context of The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) and the interpretation to the open-ended three-step test to facilitate such access are the focal point of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]