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Aims. To report our experience with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for induction and maintenance therapy to prevent acute liver transplant rejection. Methods. A retrospective analysis of 66 elective, noncombined liver transplant patients treated beginning de novo MMF and follow for a minimum of 2 years. Thirty-nine of the 66 cases received MMF, calcineurin inhibitors, and steroids. In 11 cases daclizumab was added; in 16 daclizumab was added without steroids. Results. The global survival rate was 91% at 6 months, 89.4% at 1 year, and 87.9% after 2 years. Acute rejection episodes were observed in six patients (9.1%). All episodes responded to corticoids. Toxicity possibly, probably, or partially related to MMF was observed in 35 patients (53%) with definitive suspension required in 13 cases (20%), with dose reduction or temporary suspension in 22 (33%). Hematological toxicity associated with MMF was observed in 12 patients (18%), leading to definitive suspension in two patients (3.03%), temporary suspension in two cases (3.03%), and dose reduction in eight cases (12%). Opportunistic infection was observed in seven cases (10%). Gastrointestinal toxicity was mild and infrequent (five cases, 7.5%). Conclusion. Regimens containing MMF reduce rejection episodes with high survival rates and low toxicity.

Objectives To study the prevalence and clinical significance of polymorphisms in the CYP3A5 and MDR1 genes in liver transplant patients and their donors; to determine the relative importance of genes from the donor and the recipient; to assess the relationship of polymorphisms with the variability of concentration/dose of tacrolimus for optimization and individualization regimens. Materials and methods This prospective study included 53 liver transplant recipients who received tacrolimus de novo. CYP3A5 and MDR1 gene polymorphisms were identified in the donors and recipients using polymerase chain reaction. We collected indicator variables of graft function and the patient for 3 months after the transplantation: days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90. Results The frequencies of CYP3A5 polymorphisms were: 90.6% (G/G), 9.4% (G/A) and 0% (A/C) in donors and 88.7% (G/G), 11.3% (G/A), and 0% (A/A) in recipients. For the MDR1 gene, they were: 26.4% (C/C), 50.9% (C/T), and 22.6% (T/T) in donors and 17.0% (C/C), 71.7% (C/T), and 11.3% (T/T) in recipients. In the early days after transplant, G/A recipients from G/A donors did not reach the minimum drug levels. Between days 30 and 60, G/G recipients from G/A donors required higher tacrolimus doses. G/G recipients (CYP3A5) from C/T donors (MDR1) had a lower frequency of renal dysfunction, the same rejection rate, and a higher rate of diabetes than the other groups. Conclusions For CYP3A5, the presence of the A allele appeared to be related to greater requirements for tacrolimus in the early days after transplantation. Pharmacogenetics combined with pharmacodynamics may be a useful tool to adjust the concentration of tacrolimus depending on the absorption by the individual patient.

Hepaticojejunostomy is a good alternative technique for biliary reconstruction in liver transplantation. Among 517 liver transplants performed between March 1992 and July 2005, 33 involved hepaticojejunostomy, namely, 18 men and 12 women of average age: 44.8 years. The main cause for this technique was retransplant (n = 10), secondary biliary cirrhosis (n = 5), alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 5), HCV cirrhosis (n = 2), primary biliary cirrhosis (n = 1), cryptogenic cirrhosis (n = 1), sclerosing cholangitis (n = 3), fulminant liver failure (n = 1), autoimmune cirrhosis (n = 1), and insulinoma metastasis (n = 1). Choledochojejunostomy was performed for all Roux-en-Y loops, with an average cold ischemia time of 361.16 minutes (180-780). The biliary complications were biliary fistula in four cases (13.3%), including two who required surgery; stenosis of the anastomosis in two cases (6.6%) including one diagnosed by HIDA that resolved with medical treatment and the other, diagnosed by cholangio-MRI, requiring a new hepaticojejunostomy; and biliary peritonitis in three cases (10%), all of whom required surgery. The vascular complications were thrombosis of the hepatic artery (n = 1), which required retransplantation, and pseudoaneurysm of hepatic artery (n = 1). No biliary complications occurred. The 6-month patient survival was 80% and the 6-month graft survival was 77%; no patient died due to biliary complications. Hepaticojejunostomy is a technique with higher morbidity than choledocho-choledochostomy, but it is the best alternative when the latter is not possible.

Our objective was establish a scoring system that allows a donor to be evaluated quickly and easily using a set of variables that are evaluated prior to the donation and another set that are evaluated during surgery.Prior to the donation we analyzed age, medication requirements, natremia, hepatic biochemistry, gas levels, days in ICU, history of hypertension, and weight. A value of 40% was allocated to this group of factors. During the transplant we assessed the characteristics of the organ-shine, consistency, surface, edge, color, presence of steatosis, and atheromatosis. A value of 60% was allocated to this set. We established a scale of 1 to 10, only accepting organs scoring 5 or more points. Those grafts that received a score between 5 and 7.5 points were called suboptimal and those with over 7.5 points, optimal. We prospectively analyzed 133 donors whose organs were implanted.The survival rate at 1 year was 85%, and the rejection rate was 12%. The incidence of primary graft dysfunction was 8.2% (n = 11) and that of primary graft nonfunction 2.2% (n = 3). The incidence of primary graft dysfunction was greater within the group with fewer points (suboptimal). There were no differences between the optimal and suboptimal groups in terms of primary malfunction, survival, or rejection rate.The score provided a guide to decide whether to accept viable organs for implantation, given that the point system was obtained quickly and easily. When greater than 5, it correlated with low rates of primary nonfunction (3%) and of primary graft dysfunction (15%), with acceptable survival at 1 year (80%) and acute rejections rate (15%).