95 results on '"Bernard Leclercq"'
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2. Effects of interspecific coexistence on laying date and clutch size in two closely related species of hole-nesting birds
- Author
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Vladimír Remeš, Toni Laaksonen, Frank Adriaensen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Rianne Pinxten, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Mariusz Cichoń, Tapio Solonen, Anders Pape Møller, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Blandine Doligez, Anne E. Goodenough, Philipp Heeb, Bernard Leclercq, Marcel Eens, Jordi Camprodon, Shelley A. Hinsley, Alberto Sorace, Sven G. Nilsson, Staffan Jacob, Lars Gustafsson, Ruedi G. Nager, Clotilde Biard, Ana Cláudia Norte, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Andrew G. Gosler, Anna Dubiec, Bruno Massa, Javier Balbontín, Tapio Eeva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, André A. Dhondt, Hugo Robles, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Cornell University [New York], Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, University of Gloucestershire [Gloucester], Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Division of Animal Ecology, Uppsala University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), DAAA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Meudon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Universidad de Sevilla, Cornell University, Collège doctoral [Sorbonne universités], Sorbonne Université, Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - Faculté des sciences et technologies (UCBL FST), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies Polish Academy of Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Campus Drie Eiken, University of Gloucestershire (Cheltenham, GB), Institute of Human Sciences, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Glasgow, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Faculty of Design Sciences [University of Antwerp], ISPRA ROME ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Seville, Palacky University, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), University of Oxford [Oxford], University Basel, Inst Anat, Pestalozzistr, University of Basel (Unibas), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), (Adresse privée), Università di Palermo, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Sevilla, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Møller A.P., Balbontín J., Dhondt A.A., Remeš V., Adriaensen F., Biard C., Camprodon J., Cichoń M., Doligez B., Dubiec A., Eens M., Eeva T., Goodenough A.E., Gosler A.G., Gustafsson L., Heeb P., Hinsley S.A., Jacob S., Juškaitis R., Laaksonen T., Leclercq B., Massa B., Mazgajski T.D., Nager R.G., Nilsson J.Å., Nilsson S.G., Norte A.C., Pinxten R., Robles H., Solonen T., Sorace A., van Noordwijk A.J., Lambrechts M.M., and Animal Ecology (AnE)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Avian clutch size ,clutch size ,nest boxes ,Range (biology) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,intraspecific competition ,Zoology ,[SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Ecology and Environment ,Intraspecific competition ,Competition (biology) ,QH301 ,Nest ,Africa, Northern ,Animals ,clutch size, density, interspecific competition, intraspecific competition, nest boxes, reaction norm, spatiotemporal variation ,Passeriformes ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,QL_671 ,Parus ,density ,biology ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Reproduction ,interspecific competition ,[SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE] ,Cyanistes ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,spatiotemporal variation ,Europe ,Chemistry ,Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata ,reaction norm ,international ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology - Abstract
Co-existence between great tits Parus major and blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus, \ud but also other hole nesting taxa, constitutes a classic example of species\ud co-occurrence resulting in potential interference and exploitation competition\ud for food and for breeding and roosting sites. However, the spatial and temporal\ud variation in co-existence and its consequences for competition remain poorly\ud understood. 2.We used an extensive database on reproduction in nest boxes by\ud great and blue tits based on 87 study plots across Europe and Northern Africa\ud during 1957-2012 for a total of 19,075 great tit and 16,729 blue tit clutches to \ud assess correlative evidence for a relationship between laying date and clutch\ud size, respectively, and density consistent with effects of intraspecific and\ud interspecific competition. 3.In an initial set of analyses, we statistically\ud controlled for a suite of site specific variables. We found evidence for an\ud effect of intraspecific competition on blue tit laying date (later laying at\ud higher density) and clutch size (smaller clutch size at higher density), but no\ud evidence of significant effects of intraspecific competition in great tits, nor\ud effects of interspecific competition for either species. 4.To further control for\ud site-specific variation caused by a range of potentially confounding variables,\ud we compared means and variances in laying date and clutch size of great and blue \ud tits among three categories of difference in density between the two species. We \ud exploited the fact that means and variances are generally positively correlated. \ud If interspecific competition occurs, we predicted a reduction in mean and an\ud increase in variance in clutch size in great tit and blue tit when density of\ud heterospecifics is higher than the density of conspecifics and for intraspecific \ud competition this reduction would occur when density of conspecifics is higher\ud than the density of heterospecifics. Such comparisons of temporal patterns of\ud means and variances revealed evidence, for both species, consistent with\ud intraspecific competition and to a smaller extent with interspecific competition.\ud 5.These findings suggest that competition associated with reproductive behaviour \ud between blue and great tits is widespread, but also varies across large spatial\ud and temporal scales. This article is protected by copyright.
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- 2018
3. Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds
- Author
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Blandine Doligez, Ian R. Hartley, Indrikis Krams, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Tore Slagsvold, Francesco Cecere, Tapio Solonen, Sven G. Nilsson, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Jean Charles Bouvier, Paul Isenmann, Luís P. da Silva, Martyn J. Stenning, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Anna Dubiec, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Anders Pape Møller, Zihad Bouslama, Arne Lundberg, Cezary Mitrus, Esa Lehikoinen, Jacques Blondel, Carla S. Pimentel, Antero Järvinen, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Toni Laaksonen, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Jukka T. Forsman, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Marcel Eens, Tapio Eeva, Hugo Robles, Rianne Pinxten, Juan Carlos Senar, Emilio Barba, Anne Charmantier, Xavier Morin, Clotilde Biard, Camillo Cusimano, Ana Cláudia Norte, Seppo Rytkönen, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Piotr Tryjanowski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Ruedi G. Nager, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Aya Goldshtein, Anne E. Goodenough, Andrew G. Gosler, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Motti Charter, Virginie Demeyrier, Raivo Mänd, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Bruno Massa, Staffan Jacob, Bruno Faivre, Santiago Merino, Jordi Camprodon, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Arnaud Grégoire, Claire Doutrelant, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Heinz Richner, Iga Góźdź, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Ilze Priedniece, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp ( UA ), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles [Avignon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Biodiversity Department, Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, (Adresse privée), Society for the Protection of Nature, University of Lausanne, University of Haifa [Haifa], Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de la Laguna, Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174 CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Biodiversity, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Antwerp (UA), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Palacky University Olomouc, Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Kilpisjärvi Biological Station, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Animal Ecology (AnE), Møller, A.P., Adriaensen, F., Artemyev, A., Bańbura, J., Barba, E., Biard, C., Blondel, J., Bouslama, Z., Bouvier, J.-C., Camprodon, J., Cecere, F., Charmantier, A., Charter, M., Cichoń, M., Cusimano, C., Czeszczewik, D., Demeyrier, V., Doligez, B., Doutrelant, C., Dubiec, A., Eens, M., Eeva, T., Faivre, B., Ferns, P.N., Forsman, J.T., García-del-Rey, E., Goldshtein, A., Goodenough, A.E., Gosler, A.G., Góźdź, I., Grégoire, A., Gustafsson, L., Hartley, I.R., Heeb, P., Hinsley, S.A., Isenmann, P., Jacob, S., Järvinen, A., Juškaitis, R., Korpimäki, E., Krams, I., Laaksonen, T., Leclercq, B., Lehikoinen, E., Loukola, O., Lundberg, A., Mainwaring, M.C., Mänd, R., Massa, B., Mazgajski, T.D., Merino, S., Mitrus, C., Mönkkönen, M., Morales-Fernaz, J., Morin, X., Nager, R.G., Nilsson, J.-Å., Nilsson, S.G., Norte, A.C., Orell, M., Perret, P., Pimentel, C.S., Pinxten, R., Priedniece, I., Quidoz, M.-C., Remeš, V., Richner, H., Robles, H., Rytkönen, S., Senar, J.C., Seppänen, J.T., da Silva, L.P., Slagsvold, T., Solonen, T., Sorace, A., Stenning, M.J., Török, J., Tryjanowski, P., van Noordwijk, A.J., von Numers, M., Walankiewicz, W., and Lambrechts, M.M.
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BREEDING SUCCESS ,Avian clutch size ,Biodiversité et Ecologie ,SEXUAL SELECTION ,Predation ,natural holes ,Nest ,TITS PARUS-MAJOR ,BLUE TITS ,QL_671 ,Original Research ,GE ,Ecology ,hole nesting ,STURNUS-VULGARIS ,FLYCATCHERS FICEDULA ,Chemistry ,reaction norm ,Sexual selection ,international ,1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology ,Hole nesting ,Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm ,nest boxes ,education ,ta1172 ,Zoology ,Biology ,Intraspecific competition ,Ecology and Environment ,Biodiversity and Ecology ,Clutch ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Ekologi ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Interspecific competition ,PIED FLYCATCHERS ,PASSERINE BIRDS ,Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata ,ta1181 ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,GREAT TITS ,THERMAL CONDITIONS - Abstract
© 2014 The Authors. Nests are structures built to support and protect eggs and/or offspring from predators, parasites, and adverse weather conditions. Nests are mainly constructed prior to egg laying, meaning that parent birds must make decisions about nest site choice and nest building behavior before the start of egg-laying. Parent birds should be selected to choose nest sites and to build optimally sized nests, yet our current understanding of clutch size-nest size relationships is limited to small-scale studies performed over short time periods. Here, we quantified the relationship between clutch size and nest size, using an exhaustive database of 116 slope estimates based on 17,472 nests of 21 species of hole and non-hole-nesting birds. There was a significant, positive relationship between clutch size and the base area of the nest box or the nest, and this relationship did not differ significantly between open nesting and hole-nesting species. The slope of the relationship showed significant intraspecific and interspecific heterogeneity among four species of secondary hole-nesting species, but also among all 116 slope estimates. The estimated relationship between clutch size and nest box base area in study sites with more than a single size of nest box was not significantly different from the relationship using studies with only a single size of nest box. The slope of the relationship between clutch size and nest base area in different species of birds was significantly negatively related to minimum base area, and less so to maximum base area in a given study. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that bird species have a general reaction norm reflecting the relationship between nest size and clutch size. Further, they suggest that scientists may influence the clutch size decisions of hole-nesting birds through the provisioning of nest boxes of varying sizes.
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- 2014
4. Interspecific variation in the relationship between clutch size, laying date and intensity of urbanization in four species of hole-nesting birds
- Author
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Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Shelley A. Hinsley, Piotr Tryjanowski, Paul Isenmann, Virginie Demeyrier, Xavier Morin, Jordi Camprodon, Toni Laaksonen, Martyn J. Stenning, Philipp Heeb, Francesco Cecere, Erkki Korpimäki, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Mariusz Cichoń, Clotilde Biard, Ana Cláudia Norte, Mikko Mönkkönen, Indrikis Krams, Jacques Blondel, Janne T. Seppänen, Wiesław Walankiewicz, Christopher M. Perrins, Bruno Massa, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Arnaud Grégoire, Rianne Pinxten, Jean-Charles Bouvier, Mikael von Numers, Lars Gustafsson, Bruno Faivre, Claire Doutrelant, Hugo Robles, Luís P. da Silva, Tapio Solonen, Santiago Merino, Anne Charmantier, Anna Dubiec, Anders Pape Møller, Dorota Czeszczewik, Markku Orell, Bernard Leclercq, Alexandr Artemyev, Motti Charter, Philippe Perret, Seppo Rytkönen, Olli J. Loukola, Mark C. Mainwaring, Juan Carlos Senar, Tore Slagsvold, Zihad Bouslama, Raivo Mänd, Aya Goldshtein, Heinz Richner, Staffan Jacob, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Ian R. Hartley, Jukka T. Forsman, Marie Vaugoyeau, Camillo Cusimano, Emilio Barba, Ruedi G. Nager, Marcel Eens, Iga Harnist, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Peter N. Ferns, Frank Adriaensen, Esa Lehikoinen, Sven G. Nilsson, Blandine Doligez, Cezary Mitrus, Anne E. Goodenough, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Arne Lundberg, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Eeva, Carla S. Pimentel, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science (KarRC RAS ), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems [Annaba], Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Àrea de Biodiversitat - Grup de Biologia de la Conservació, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Behavioural Ecology & Ecophysiology Group, Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Ecology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Department of Animal Ecology - Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC)-Institute of Marine Research, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Didactica Research Unit, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Evolutionary Ecology Group (GIBE), University of A Coruña (UDC), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Funding from University Paris-Sud, FUNDAME and Xunta de Galicia ('Ángeles Alvariño' and 'Plan I2C' postdoctoral programs), FWO-Flanders and the University of Antwerp, project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation), the OSUOREME, the French ANR, and the ERC (ERC-2013-StG-337365-SHE)., Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems, University Badji Mokhtar, Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, School of Bioscience, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba (UBMA), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Vaugoyeau, Marie, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Vaugoyeau, M, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier. J-C, Camprodon, J, Cecere, F, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Demeyrier, V, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Harnist, I, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Juśkaitis, R, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Lambrechts, MM, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, J-Å, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Richner, H, Robles, H, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Tryjanowski, P, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Møller, AP, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Science ( KarRC RAS ), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris ( IEES ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre Tecnològico Forestal de Catalunya ( CTFC ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Università degli studi di Palermo, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre for Ecology & Hydrology ( CEH ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ) -Institute of Marine Research, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Evolutionary Ecology Group ( GIBE ), University of A Coruña ( UDC ), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas ( CSIC ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Department of Biosciences, and University of Oslo ( UiO )
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0106 biological sciences ,Avian clutch size ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,urban heat island effect ,01 natural sciences ,Ficedula hypoleuca ,orthophotograph ,Breeding phenology, orthophotograph, passerine birds, population dynamics, urban heat island effect ,Parus major ,11. Sustainability ,population dynamics ,passerine birds ,QL_671 ,Original Research ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,education.field_of_study ,Ecology ,Phenology ,Cyanistes ,breeding phenology ,oiseau nicheur ,Chemistry ,dynamique des populations ,Ficedula albicollis ,education ,Population ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,Ecology and Environment ,[ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,reproduction ,Cyanistes caeruleus ,oiseau ,Nest box ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Breeding phenology ,Ekologi ,Parus ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,urbanisation ,Environmental and Society ,Ficedula ,biology.organism_classification ,populaatiodynamiikka ,Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata ,13. Climate action ,ta1181 ,Environnement et Société ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Zoology - Abstract
Marie Vaugoyeau [et al.], The increase in size of human populations in urban and agricultural areas has resulted in considerable habitat conversion globally. Such anthropogenic areas have specific environmental characteristics, which influence the physiology, life history, and population dynamics of plants and animals. For example, the date of bud burst is advanced in urban compared to nearby natural areas. In some birds, breeding success is determined by synchrony between timing of breeding and peak food abundance. Pertinently, caterpillars are an important food source for the nestlings of many bird species, and their abundance is influenced by environmental factors such as temperature and date of bud burst. Higher temperatures and advanced date of bud burst in urban areas could advance peak caterpillar abundance and thus affect breeding phenology of birds. In order to test whether laying date advance and clutch sizes decrease with the intensity of urbanization, we analyzed the timing of breeding and clutch size in relation to intensity of urbanization as a measure of human impact in 199 nest box plots across Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East (i.e., the Western Palearctic) for four species of hole-nesters: blue tits (Cyanistes caeruleus), great tits (Parus major), collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis), and pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca). Meanwhile, we estimated the intensity of urbanization as the density of buildings surrounding study plots measured on orthophotographs. For the four study species, the intensity of urbanization was not correlated with laying date. Clutch size in blue and great tits does not seem affected by the intensity of urbanization, while in collared and pied flycatchers it decreased with increasing intensity of urbanization. This is the first large-scale study showing a species-specific major correlation between intensity of urbanization and the ecology of breeding. The underlying mechanisms for the relationships between life history and urbanization remain to be determined. We propose that effects of food abundance or quality, temperature, noise, pollution, or disturbance by humans may on their own or in combination affect laying date and/or clutch size., E. Barba acknowledges funding of project CGL2013-48001-C2-1-P (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation).
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- 2016
5. Leaf concentrate compared with skimmed milk as nutritional supplementation for HIV-infected children: a randomized controlled trial in Burundi
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Novat Twungubumwe, Laurent Andréoletti, Bernard Leclercq, Eric Bertin, François-Christophe Richardier, Simon M Collin, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Medical and Molecular Virology Unit and EA-484 University Hospital Center and Medical School of Reims,Reims,France., and Department of Nutrition, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Reims, France
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,MESH: CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,HIV Infections ,MESH: Dietary Supplements ,medicine.disease_cause ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,MESH: Child ,MESH: Animals ,Palatability ,Child ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,education.field_of_study ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,MESH: HIV Infections ,Research Papers ,3. Good health ,Milk ,Paediatric ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,MESH: Plant Preparations ,Viral load ,Leaf concentrate ,food.ingredient ,Nutritional Supplementation ,Adolescent ,Milk powder ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Burundi ,Population ,03 medical and health sciences ,food ,Animal science ,Skimmed milk ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,education ,MESH: Burundi ,MESH: Adolescent ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,MESH: Humans ,business.industry ,MESH: Child, Preschool ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,HIV ,Appetite ,MESH: Male ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,MESH: Milk ,Dietary Supplements ,Plant Preparations ,business ,MESH: Female ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
ObjectiveThe effectiveness of leaf concentrate powder (LCP) as a nutritional supplement was established in trials conducted among adolescent girls and pregnant women in India. Here we evaluate LCP, compared with skimmed milk powder (SMP), as a supplement for antiretroviral-naïve children living with HIV in a sub-Saharan African country.DesignRandomized controlled, two-arm, 6-month trial comparing effects of isoproteic (5 g) LCP (10 g daily) and SMP (15 g daily) on HIV-1 viral load, CD4+cell count/percentage, weight/height-for-age, general blood parameters, diarrhoea, respiratory and HIV-related opportunistic infections.SettingBujumbura and Kirundo, Burundi.SubjectsEighty-three HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naïve children aged 5–14 years: median (range) CD4+count, 716 (361–1690) cells/mm3; log10HIV-1 viral load, 4·39 (1·79–6·00).ResultsLCP was equivalent to SMP in relation to HIV-specific blood parameters and did not demonstrate superiority over SMP in relation to Hb. Three children in each arm (LCP, 7·1 % (3/42); SMP, 7·3 % (3/41)) proceeded to antiretroviral therapy because their CD4+counts fell below 350 cells/mm3. Children in the LCP group reported higher levels of appetite and overall health at 6 months. There were no differences in clinical events or any other outcome measures. LCP was less palatable than SMP to the children in this population, but there were few negative perceptions of appearance, texture and taste.ConclusionsLCP appears to be equivalent to SMP as a nutritional supplement in this population, despite slightly lower palatability. In relation to viral load and CD4+count, equivalence may indicate no effect in either group. Effectiveness relative to no supplementation remains to be determined.
- Published
- 2016
6. Massive Blastic Infiltration of the Liver: A Cause of Fulminant Hepatic Failure
- Author
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Bernard Leclercq, Guy Chomette, Daniel Dhumeaux, Yvon Pinaudeau, Elie Serge Zafrani, and Jean-Paul Vernant
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Autopsy ,Hepatic Complication ,Fulminant hepatic failure ,medicine ,Humans ,Chemotherapy ,Acute leukemia ,Hepatology ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin ,Liver Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Burkitt Lymphoma ,Lymphoma ,Liver ,Leukemia, Myeloid ,Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute ,Hyperlactatemia ,business ,Infiltration (medical) ,Hepatomegaly - Abstract
The clinical and pathological findings in four cases of fulminant hepatic failure due to massive infiltration of the liver by acute leukemia or lymphoma are reported. Liver abnormalities were found simultaneously with or led to the discovery of hematologic malignancies, and consisted of marked hepatomegaly and severe hepatocellular insufficiency associated with hyperlactatemia. The blood malignancies were peculiar in their fast cellular growth and large tumor mass. Evolution was rapidly fatal in all these cases. In another patient, marked hepatomegaly and hyperlactatemia revealed the presence of a widespread lymphoma before the appearance of hepatocellular insufficiency. Immediate chemotherapy was instituted, and complete remission without hepatic complication was obtained. It is suggested that malignant hematological diseases with fast cellular growth may present as fulminant hepatic failure. In order to avoid a rapidly fatal outcome secondary to liver failure and metabolic disorders, early recognition of these malignancies is necessary so as to assure prompt administration of appropriate chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2007
7. Mapping quantitative trait loci affecting fatness and breast muscle weight in meat-type chicken lines divergently selected on abdominal fatness
- Author
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Bernard Leclercq, Jean Simon, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Y. Amigues, Michel Sourdioux, Behnam Abasht, Larry A. Cogburn, Frédérique Pitel, Pascale Le Roy, Wilfrid Carre, Alain Vignal, Samuel E. Aggrey, Madeleine Douaire, André Neau, Génétique Animale (GARen), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Rennes, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire (LGC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware [Newark], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département de génétique animale, Laboratoire d'Analyse Génétique pour les Espèces Animales (LABOGENA), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and University of Georgia [USA]
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Genotype ,Offspring ,chicken ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Physiology ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,quantitative trait locus ,Gene mapping ,Internal medicine ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Genetics(clinical) ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,030304 developmental biology ,Adiposity ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics ,Research ,Sire ,abdominal fat ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Quantitative genetics ,040201 dairy & animal science ,lcsh:Genetics ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Trait ,Abdomen ,Microsatellite ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,lcsh:Animal culture ,QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCUS ,ABDOMINAL FAT ,BREAST MUSCLE ,CHICKEN ,Chickens ,breast muscle - Abstract
Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for abdominal fatness and breast muscle weight were investigated in a three-generation design performed by inter-crossing two experimental meat-type chicken lines that were divergently selected on abdominal fatness. A total of 585 F2 male offspring from 5 F1 sires and 38 F1 dams were recorded at 8 weeks of age for live body, abdominal fat and breast muscle weights. One hundred-twenty nine microsatellite markers, evenly located throughout the genome and heterozygous for most of the F1 sires, were used for genotyping the F2 birds. In each sire family, those offspring exhibiting the most extreme values for each trait were genotyped. Multipoint QTL analyses using maximum likelihood methods were performed for abdominal fat and breast muscle weights, which were corrected for the effects of 8-week body weight, dam and hatching group. Isolated markers were assessed by analyses of variance. Two significant QTL were identified on chromosomes 1 and 5 with effects of about one within-family residual standard deviation. One breast muscle QTL was identified on GGA1 with an effect of 2.0 within-family residual standard deviation.
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- 2005
8. Protein utilisation and turnover in lines of chickens selected for different aspects of body composition
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F.M. Tomas, Sophie Tesseraud, Bernard Leclercq, R. A. E. Pym, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,Feed conversion ratio ,Excretion ,Eating ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Control line ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Growth rate ,Muscle, Skeletal ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Protein turnover ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Diet ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Protein catabolism ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Chickens ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Protein utilisation and turnover were measured in male chickens sampled from a line selected for high breast yield and a randombred control line (lines QL and CL, experiment 1) and in male chickens sampled from lines selected for either high or low abdominal fatness (lines FL and LL, experiment 2). In each experiment, 18 birds per line were given iso-energetic (12.9 MJME/kg) diets containing either 120 or 220 g CP/kg from 21 to 29 d (experiment 1) and 33 to 43 d (experiment 2). 2. Measurements were made of growth rate, food intake, body composition, excreta production and Ntau-methylhistidine excretion as a measure of myofibrillar protein breakdown, and fractional rates (%/d) of protein deposition, breakdown and synthesis were calculated. 3. In experiment 1, there were no significant differences between the line means for the fractional measures of protein turnover, but there was marked differential response in the two lines in the fractional rates of protein deposition, breakdown and synthesis, to increase in protein intake. The positive slope of the regressions of fractional (%/d) protein deposition and synthesis rates on protein intake (g/d/kg BW) were approximately 1.4- and 2.0-fold higher respectively in the QL than the CL line birds, and the negative slope of the regression of fractional breakdown rate on protein intake was approximately threefold greater in the CL than the QL line birds. 4. In experiment 2, fractional deposition rate was 6.2% lower, but fractional breakdown rate 9.4% higher in the LL than the FL birds, whilst there was essentially no difference in response of the FL and LL birds in the components of protein turnover to increase in protein intake. Line differences in deposition and breakdown rates were thus a reflection of the considerably higher (20%) food and hence protein intake in the FL than the LL birds. 5. The differential line responses in protein turnover in the two experiments suggest that selection for increased breast muscle yield and for reduced body fatness manipulate different physiological pathways in relation to protein turnover, but neither selection strategy results in an improvement in net protein utilisation at typical levels of protein intake by birds on commercial broiler diets, through a reduction in protein breakdown rate.
- Published
- 2004
9. Clutch-size variation in Western Palaearctic secondary hole-nesting passerine birds in relation to nest box design
- Author
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Anne E. Goodenough, Alexis S. Chaine, Martyn J. Stenning, Jacques Blondel, Shelley A. Hinsley, Philipp Heeb, Erkki Korpimäki, Olli J. Loukola, Anne Charmantier, Tore Slagsvold, Eduardo Garcia-del-Rey, Paul Isenmann, Carla S. Pimentel, Aya Goldshtein, Arne Lundberg, Jean Charles Bouvier, Andrew F. Russell, Zihad Bouslama, Ilze Priedniece, Jordi Camprodon, Janne T. Seppänen, Markku Orell, Alexandr Artemyev, Camillo Cusimano, Judith Morales-Fernaz, Peter N. Ferns, Vladimír Remeš, Juan Moreno, Frank Adriaensen, János Török, Xavier Morin, Ian R. Hartley, Ruedi G. Nager, Toni Laaksonen, Marcel M. Lambrechts, Christopher M. Perrins, Tapio Eeva, Rimvydas Juškaitis, Seppo Rytkönen, Luís P. da Silva, Arie J. van Noordwijk, Rianne Pinxten, Hugo Robles, Juan Carlos Senar, Bruno Faivre, Piotr Tryjanowski, Andrew G. Gosler, Tapio Solonen, Arnaud Grégoire, Jerzy Bańbura, Alberto Sorace, Staffan Jacob, Sven G. Nilsson, Heinz Richner, Motti Charter, Clotilde Biard, Blandine Doligez, Wiesaw Walankiewicz, Anders Pape Møller, Claire Doutrelant, Cezary Mitrus, Mikael von Numers, Raivo Mänd, Marcel Eens, Lars Gustafsson, Ana Cláudia Norte, Santiago Merino, Mariusz Cichoń, Mikko Mönkkönen, Esa Lehikoinen, Francesco Cecere, Dorota Czeszczewik, Bernard Leclercq, Antero Järvinen, Anna Dubiec, Wojciech Kania, Jan-Åke Nilsson, Indrikis Krams, Iga Góźdź, Philippe Perret, Marie Claude Quidoz, Mark C. Mainwaring, Jukka T. Forsman, Bruno Massa, Tomasz D. Mazgajski, Emilio Barba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Department of Experimental Zoology & Evolutionary Biology, Łódź University of Technology, Terrestrial Vertebrates Research Unit 'Cavanilles', University of Valencia-Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratoire Ecologie et évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Research Laboratory 'Ecology of Terrestrial and Aquatic Systems', University Badji Mokhtar, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biodiversity Department, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Station d’Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS à Moulis (SEEM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Haifa [Haifa], Society for the Protection of Nature, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institute of Environmental Sciences, Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Stazione Inanellamento c/o Dipartimento SEN-FIMIZO, Università di Palermo, Department of Zoology, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Evolution, adaptation et comportement, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Biology (Ethology), Section of Ecology, University of Turku, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Department of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology-Institute of Human Sciences, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, The Lodge, RSPB, Kilpisjarvi Biological Station, Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Ornithological Station, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Institute of Ecology & Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Rzeszow University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Latvian Fund for Nature, Laboratory of Ornithology, Palacky University Olomouc, Institute of Ecology & Evolution (IEE), University of Bern, Unidad Asociada CSIC de Ecología Evolutiva y de la Conducta, Nat-Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Luontotutkimus Solonen Oy, SROPU, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Behavioral Ecology Group, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Environmental and Marine Biology, Åbo Academy University, Study supported by Academy of Finland (Project Number 265859), by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC, by the European Social Fund (programme 'Junta para la Ampliacion de Estudios'), by OTKA (Project Number 75618) and by Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero and Xunta de Galicia (Angeles Alvarino program and Plan I2C postdoctoral grant)., Ecologie Systématique et Evolution ( ESE ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] ( RAS ), Ecologie et évolution, École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles ( PSH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Forest Technology Center of Catalonia, Station d'Ecologie Expérimentale du CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Lausanne, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive ( LBBE ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), School of Bioscience, Universidad de la Laguna, Evolution et Diversité Biologique ( EDB ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Polska Akademia Nauk ( PAN ) -Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ) -Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, University of Coimbra [Portugal] ( UC ), Instituto Superior de Agronomia-University of Lisbon, Palacky University, Institute of Ecology & Evolution ( IEE ), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo ( UiO ), Eötvös Loránd University ( ELTE ), Animal Population Biology, Animal Ecology (AnE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)-Museum and Institute of Zoology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN), Møller, AP, Adriaensen, F, Artemyev, A, Bańbura, J, Barba, E, Biard, C, Blondel, J, Bouslama, Z, Bouvier, JC, Camprodon, J, Cecere, C, Chaine, A, Charmantier, A, Charter, M, Cichoń, M, Cusimano, C, Czeszczewik, D, Doligez, B, Doutrelant, C, Dubiec, A, Eens, M, Eeva, T, Faivre, B, Ferns, PN, Forsman, JT, García-del-Rey, E, Goldshtein, A, Goodenough, AE, Gosler, AG, Góźdź, I, Grégoire, A, Gustafsson, L, Hartley, IR, Heeb, P, Hinsley, SA, Isenmann, P, Jacob, S, Järvinen, A, Juškaitis, R, Kania, W, Korpimäki, E, Krams, I, Laaksonen, T, Leclercq, B, Lehikoinen, E, Loukola, O, Lundberg, A, Mainwaring, MC, Mänd, R, Massa, B, Mazgajski, TD, Merino, S, Mitrus, C, Mönkkönen, M, Morales-Fernaz, J, Moreno, J, Morin, X, Nager, RG, Nilsson, JA, Nilsson, SG, Norte, AC, Orell, M, Perret, P, Perrins, CM, Pimentel, CS, Pinxten, R, Priedniece, I, Quidoz, MC, Remeš, V, Richner, H, Robles, H, Russell, A, Rytkönen, S, Senar, JC, Seppänen, JT, Pascoal da Silva, L, Slagsvold, T, Solonen, T, Sorace, A, Stenning, MJ, Török, J, Tryjanowski, P, van Noordwijk, AJ, von Numers, M, Walankiewicz, W, Lambrechts, MM, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tel Aviv University (TAU), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Museu de Ciències Naturals de Barcelona, European Commission, and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Avian clutch size ,Nest box floor area ,habitat ,Nest boxmaterial ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010605 ornithology ,[ SDV.EE ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Nest ,biology.animal ,nest box material ,Nest box ,Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Geographic location ,Parus ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,[ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Latitude ,biology ,Ecology ,Ecological Modeling ,[SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,longitude ,Cyanistes ,Ficedula ,nest box floor area ,latitude ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Bird nest ,Passerine ,Habitat ,Chemistry ,Settore AGR/11 - Entomologia Generale E Applicata ,Longitude ,geographic location ,international ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,Hole nesting, natural holes, nest boxes, reaction norm - Abstract
Møller, A.P. [et al.], Secondary hole-nesting birds that do not construct nest holes themselves and hence regularly breed in nest boxes constitute important model systems for field studies in many biological disciplines with hundreds of scientists and amateurs involved. Those research groups are spread over wide geographic areas that experience considerable variation in environmental conditions, and researchers provide nest boxes of varying designs that may inadvertently introduce spatial and temporal variation in reproductive parameters. We quantified the relationship between mean clutch size and nest box size and material after controlling for a range of environmental variables in four of the most widely used model species in the Western Palaearctic: great tit Parus major, blue tit Cyanistes caeruleus, pied flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca and collared flycatcher F. albicollis from 365 populations and 79 610 clutches. Nest floor area and nest box material varied non-randomly across latitudes and longitudes, showing that scientists did not adopt a random box design. Clutch size increased with nest floor area in great tits, but not in blue tits and flycatchers. Clutch size of blue tits was larger in wooden than in concrete nest boxes. These findings demonstrate that the size of nest boxes and material used to construct nest boxes can differentially affect clutch size in different species. The findings also suggest that the nest box design may affect not only focal species, but also indirectly other species through the effects of nest box design on productivity and therefore potentially population density and hence interspecific competition. © 2014 The Authors. Methods in Ecology and Evolution © 2014 British Ecological Society., J. Morales by the Spanish Research Council-CSIC and the European Social Fund (programme Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios).
- Published
- 2014
10. L’engraissement chez le poulet : aspects métaboliques et génétiques
- Author
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Bernard Leclercq, M. Douaire, Sandrine Lagarrigue, A. Bordas, F. Alleman, J.-M. Fraslin, Stéphanie Daval, Christian Diot, and J.-P. Caffin
- Subjects
Biology - Abstract
L’augmentation du poids de tissus adipeux présents dans les carcasses de poulet de chair a incité à en rechercher les causes, afin de pouvoir maîtriser ce caractère défavorable, tant pour les producteurs que pour les consommateurs. La comparaison de lignées expérimentales génétiquement grasses et maigres a permis d’identifier les différences métaboliques majeures entre animaux gras et maigres. Elles sont rappelées dans cet article. Les résultats les plus récents concernant le métabolisme hépatique, analysé à différentes étapes (catabolisme des acides aminés, lipogenèse proprement dite, maturation et sécrétion des lipides) par des mesures d’activités enzymatiques ou de quantités d’ARN messagers, sont rapportés. Ils montrent que beaucoup de ces paramètres sont plus élevés chez les animaux gras comparés aux maigres. L’hypothèse d’une régulation commune pour ces différentes étapes du métabolisme est avancée. Cependant, chaque étape peut aussi être individuellement responsable des différences d’engraissement, comme cela semble être le cas pour l’enzyme glutamate déshydrogénase.
- Published
- 1999
11. Lysine: Specific effects of lysine on broiler production: comparison with threonine and valine
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq
- Subjects
Male ,Threonine ,Lysine ,Muscle Development ,Feed conversion ratio ,Valine ,Animals ,Growth rate ,Food science ,Muscle, Skeletal ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Broiler ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,Amino acid ,Adipose Tissue ,Liver ,Dietary Supplements ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Amino Acids, Essential ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens - Abstract
Lysine exerts specific effects on body composition at dietary levels higher than that required for maximum growth rate, which also results in an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR). As a consequence of these differences, it becomes apparent that there is a hierarchy of requirements. The requirement for maximum gain is lower than that for breast meat (BM) yield, which is lower than the requirement for FCR; and lastly, the requirement for minimum abdominal fat (AF) percentage is the highest of all. Threonine, on the other hand, does not appear to exhibit so pronounced an effect on body composition, whereas, in the case of valine, these effects seem to be absent. These different effects of lysine, threonine, and valine can induce different amino acid requirement profiles according to the criteria used for determining the requirement. Moreover the particular mathematical model being used to calculate amino acid requirements can also influence amino acid requirement profiles.
- Published
- 1998
12. Comparative responses of genetically lean and fat chickens to lysine, arginine and non‐essential amino acid supply. I. growth and body composition
- Author
-
J. Khoury, Bernard Leclercq, T. Cochard, and A. M. Chagneau
- Subjects
Male ,Arginine ,Lysine ,Growth ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,Thinness ,Aspartic acid ,Diet, Protein-Restricted ,medicine ,Animals ,Obesity ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,Essential amino acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Medicine ,Glutamic acid ,Diet ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Chickens ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Three experiments were performed to study the effects of amino acid imbalance on the growth of genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) male chickens from 28 to 42 d of age. In experiment 1, five concentrations of digestible lysine were compared (4.75, 6.75, 7.75, 8.75 and 9.75 g/kg). In experiment 2, four concentrations of digestible arginine were compared (6.53, 7.69, 8.84 and 10.0 g/kg). In experiment 3, three diets were compared: a high-protein diet (189 g CP/kg), a low-protein diet containing added essential amino acids (EAA) (144 g CP/kg) and this low-protein diet supplemented with 40 g/kg of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) (glutamic acid+aspartic acid). 2. LL birds exhibited a lower growth rate than the FL when the diet was deficient in either lysine or arginine. Plotting weight gain against lysine or arginine intake suggested that most of this effect was caused by variations in food intake. 3. When protein gains (body or total proteins) were plotted against lysine or arginine intake, LL chickens appeared more efficient than FL chickens. 4. Similar growth rates, although slightly lower in FL, were obtained with low- and high-protein diets. However, NEAA supplementation of the low-protein diet reduced adiposity of LL and did not modify that of FL. Increasing crude protein content (all amino acids) was more effective than NEAA supplementation in decreasing the adiposity of both lines.
- Published
- 1994
13. Comparative responses of genetically lean and fat chickens to lysine, arginine and non‐essential amino acid supply. II. plasma amino acid responses
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, T. Cochard, A. M. Chagneau, and G. M. Pesti
- Subjects
Male ,Arginine ,Lysine ,Cystine ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Lysine arginine ,Thinness ,Valine ,Diet, Protein-Restricted ,Animals ,Obesity ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,Essential amino acid ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Medicine ,Diet ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Amino Acids, Essential ,Dietary Proteins ,Isoleucine ,Chickens ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Three experiments performed to study the effects of amino acid imbalances on the growth of genetically lean (LL) and fat (FL) male chickens from 28 to 42 d of age were described by Leclercq et al. (1994). The plasma amino acid concentrations of birds on selected treatments from that paper are reported here. In experiment 1, three dietary concentrations of digestible lysine were compared (4.75, 6.75 and 7.75 g/kg). In experiment 2, two dietary concentrations of digestible arginine were compared (6.53 and 10.00 g/kg). In experiment 3, three diets were compared: a high-protein diet (189 g CP/kg), a low-protein diet containing added essential amino acids (144 g CP/kg), and this low-protein diet supplemented with 40 g/kg of non-essential amino acids (NEAA; glutamic and aspartic acids). 2. The present results are compared with two earlier reports on the same genotypes. The LL consistently had lower plasma concentrations of methionine, cystine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and valine, and higher concentrations of histidine, than the FL chickens. In 4 of 5 experiments, LL leucine concentrations were lower, and glutamic acid, tyrosine, glutamine and alanine were higher, than in the FL. The other amino acids measured; arginine, lysine, aspartic acid, glycine and serine, exhibited variable responses among the experiments. 3. When the limiting essential amino acids, lysine and arginine, were added to a deficient diet, the plasma concentration of the supplemented amino acid increased while the others remained constant or decreased. 4. When glutamic and aspartic acids were added to the low protein diet, plasma amino acid responses were similar to those of adding a limiting amino acid to a deficient diet, except that alanine exhibited a dramatic increase. 5. Although there were genotype by diet interactions for several amino acids, the interactions were caused by differences in the degree of the responses, not in their direction. 6. These results suggest that the FL and LL genotypes do not utilise various amino acids with the same efficiency and, as a consequence, the ideal profile of dietary amino acids should not be the same for both lines. The results support the hypothesis that selection for fatness and leanness changed the amino acid requirements independently of the effects of food intake.
- Published
- 1994
14. Are genetically lean broilers more resistant to hot climate?
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, S. Guillaumin, Pierre-André Geraert, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Hot Temperature ,Climate ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Biology ,Protein content ,03 medical and health sciences ,Food conversion ,Animal science ,CLIMAT CHAUD ,medicine ,Animals ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,FACTEUR CLIMAT ,High protein ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,040201 dairy & animal science ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Dietary protein ,Biochemistry ,13. Climate action ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Chickens ,Weight gain ,Protein concentration ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) male chickens were exposed to either high (32 degrees C) or control (22 degrees C) ambient temperature up to 9 weeks of age. They were fed on one of two isoenergetic diets differing in protein content: 190 or 230 g/kg. 2. At 22 degrees C, weight gain of LL broilers was the same as in FL chickens, but at the high temperature LL birds grew to a greater weight than FL ones. 3. Food conversion efficiency was not affected by ambient temperature in LL chickens but was depressed in FL ones at 32 degrees C. 4. Increasing dietary protein content did not alleviate heat-induced growth depression irrespective of the genotype. 5. Gross protein efficiency was higher in LL chickens and was less depressed at 32 degrees C than in FL birds. 6. Fat deposition decreased with increasing protein concentration at normal temperature in both genotypes; at high temperature, high protein content enhanced fatness, particularly in LL chickens. 7. Thus, genetically lean broilers demonstrated a greater resistance to hot conditions: this was indicated by enhanced weight gain and improved food and protein conversion efficiencies.
- Published
- 1993
15. Comparative utilisation of sulphur‐containing amino acids by genetically lean or fat chickens
- Author
-
A. M. Chagneau, T. Cochard, M. Larbier, Bernard Leclercq, and S Hamzaoui
- Subjects
Male ,Genotype ,Arginine ,Cystine ,Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Aromatic amino acids ,Animals ,Food science ,Amino Acids ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Alanine ,Methionine ,Body Weight ,General Medicine ,Diet ,Amino acid ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Glycine ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Leucine ,Chickens ,Sulfur ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) male chickens were fed from 28 to 47 days of age on 5 experimental diets differing by their methionine+cystine content (5.4, 5.8, 6.2, 6.6 and 7.0 g/kg, respectively). 2. Growth rate of LL chickens was reduced by the lower sulphur-containing amino acid (SAA) concentrations whereas that of FL was not modified. 3. LL chickens exhibited a larger feather protein gain than FL, which was stimulated by SAA intake. 4. SAA retention, when plotted against SAA consumption, was always greater in LL than in FL. 5. Large differences were observed between genotypes for plasma-free amino acids. Lysine, glutamic acid, histidine and serine were found at significantly higher concentrations in LL birds. Branched amino acids, aromatic amino acids, SAA and arginine were found at higher concentrations in FL. No differences were observed for aspartic acid, glycine, alanine and total amino acids. Methionine supplementation decreased free amino acid concentrations, with the exceptions of arginine and leucine. 6. It is concluded that lean chickens require a higher dietary concentration of SAA than FL. This is mainly caused by their lower food consumption and their greater feather synthesis. However, LL use SAA more efficiently than FL.
- Published
- 1993
16. Préface
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq
- Published
- 2010
17. Calcium requirement of male muscovy ducklings
- Author
-
H. De Carville, Bernard Leclercq, and Gérard Guy
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Phosphorus ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Calcium ,Biology ,Food conversion ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Femur ,Tibia ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Four experiments were undertaken to estimate the calcium requirement of male muscovy ducklings between 3 and 8 weeks of age (2 experiments) and between 8 and 12 weeks of age (2 experiments). 2. Maximum growth rate and optimal food conversion were reached with diets containing 4.6 and 4.2 g calcium per kg between 3 to 8 weeks and 8 to 12 weeks respectively. 3. Femur, tibia, tarso‐metatarsus and humerus characteristics were measured. Bone sizes and ash contents were scarcely influenced by calcium supply. Effects, when significant, remained very weak. The best bone characteristics were obtained with 4.0 g available phosphorus and 8.4 g calcium per kg diet between 3 and 8 weeks of age, and 2–6 g available phosphorus and 4.3 g calcium per kg diet between 8 and 12 weeks of age.
- Published
- 1990
18. The Digestibility of Cell-Wall Polysaccharides from Wheat (Bran or Whole Grain), Soybean Meal, and White Lupin Meal in Cockerels, Muscovy Ducks, and Rats
- Author
-
L. Derouet, Bernard Leclercq, and Bernard Carré
- Subjects
Male ,Meal ,Bran ,Animal feed ,Feces analysis ,Soybean meal ,Rats, Inbred Strains ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Animal Feed ,Rats ,Feces ,Ducks ,Animal science ,Polysaccharides ,Dietary Carbohydrates ,Animals ,Digestion ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Soybeans ,Amen ,Chickens ,Triticum - Abstract
The digestibility of nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) were measured in cockerels. Muscovy ducks, and rats by using four diets where the only sources of NSP were wheat bran (Diet B), whole wheat grain (Diet W), soybean meal (Diet S), or white lupin meal (Diet L). The four diets contained similar amounts of crude protein (24.4%), lipids (5.2%), and NSP (6.9%). The proportions of water-soluble NSP in total NSP were 11.1% (Diet B), 19.7% (Diet W), 8% (Diet S), and 11.5% (Diet L). The NSP contents of feed and excreta were determined by measuring their individual sugars, using gas-liquid chromatography of alditol acetate derivatives. The digestibility values of NSP ranged from 21.9% (Diet W) to 13% (Diet L) for cockerels, from 18.7% (Diet W) to 7.9% (Diet L) for ducks, and from 85.7% (Diet L) to 44.1% (Diet B) for rats. These results suggest that cockerels and ducks were only able to digest the water-soluble fraction of the nonstarch polysaccharides. The pectic polymers, which were major components in water-insoluble NSP of Diets S and L, were digested to a high extent by the rats. The digestible-energy (DE) values, calculated for the birds from the apparent metabolizable-energy values corrected for nitrogen retention (AMEn), were very similar when cockerels and ducks were compared; the differences between bird species did not exceed .23 MJ per kg of dry matter. In all cases, the DE values were higher for rats than for birds. These results suggested that the main factor responsible for the differences in DE values between rats and birds was the ability to digest NSP, which was higher for the rats than for the birds.
- Published
- 1990
19. Effects of genetic potential on the lysine requirement and economic results of simulated broiler flocks
- Author
-
Catherine Beaumont, Bernard Leclercq, ProdInra, Migration, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,digestibilité ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Lysine ,Live weight ,potentiel génétique ,Biology ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,modèle ,complex mixtures ,Feed conversion ratio ,Energy requirement ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,FATNESS ,[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,méthode statistique ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Growth rate ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,gain de poids ,CHICKENS ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,BESOIN ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,croissance ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,adiposité ,acide aminé ,Endocrinology ,SIMULATION ,teneur en lipides ,LYSINE ,bacteria ,GROWTH ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Flock ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,poulet de chair - Abstract
The effect of lysine dietary concentration (expressed as g of lysine per kg of feed) on growth from 20 to 40 days of age in male broiler flocks was studied by simulating flock perfor- mance. A total of 17 sets of parameters was considered. Different hypotheses were made on the means, variances and covariances of initial body weight (20 d of age), live weight gain (20 to 40 d), lipid content of gain and of a factor affecting the energy requirement for maintenance. The effect of dietary lysine concentration on individual live weight gain was simulated according to a "broken line" model which resulted in a curvilinear variation of flock performance with lysine concentration, as usually observed. The lipid content of gain was the major characteristic of the genotype account- ing for the mean lysine requirement of flocks: the latter increased by 1.935 g per kg of feed, i.e. 20.1%, when the former decreased from 21 to 13%. Growth rate and the factor affecting energy requirement for maintenance also exerted significant effects: when weight gain increased from 1550 to 1950 g, the lysine requirement increased by 6%. Lean and efficient flocks required diets with a higher lysine concentration. Heterogeneity for fatness also tended to increase the variability of lysine require- ment. The minimum feeding cost per kg of gain was reached on average when the mean weight gain of flocks was 97.9% of maximum gain, flock feed conversion ratio (FCR) was about 100.7% of the minimum FCR, and when the lysine requirement of 65.8% of individuals was satisfied.
- Published
- 2001
20. Plasma glucose-insulin relationship in chicken lines selected for high or low fasting glycaemia
- Author
-
S. Guillaumin, Bernard Leclercq, Gérard Guy, Jean Simon, M. Derouet, F. H. Ricard, G. Marche, B. Chevalier, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fat content ,Nitrogen ,medicine.medical_treatment ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Blood sugar ,Chick Embryo ,Body Temperature ,Photometry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Selection, Genetic ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Plasma glucose ,Glucose tolerance test ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Hatching ,Chemistry ,Sodium ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Fasting ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Endocrinology ,Fasted state ,Potassium ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,Food Science ,Federal state - Abstract
1. Selected Fat or Lean chickens differ in their plasma glucose insulin relationship: in the fed or fasted state, Fat chickens have a lower glycaemia associated with normal or higher insulinaemia, depending upon the difference in glycaemia. 2. Conversely, chickens selected for low fasting glycaemia (LG) are fattier than their counterparts selected for high fasting glycaemia (HG), although the divergence in fat content is lower than in the Fat-Lean model. 3. The plasma glucose insulin relationship has been investigated in males of the HG and LG lines in the F4 and F5 generations. 4. A difference in glycaemia is suggested during embryonic development and was present at hatching and later on in the fasted or the fed state; insulinaemia did not differ. 5. During refeeding after an overnight fast, glycaemia differed between lines (except at intermediate times); cumulative food intake and insulinaemia were similar. 6. During a glucose tolerance test, glucose disposal rate and insulinaemia were rather similar. 7. Exogenous insulin exerted a very similar hypoglycaemic effect in both lines. 8. Other variables (body temperature, plasma concentrations of potassium and alpha NH2-non protein nitrogen) did not differ between HG and LG chickens. 9. In conclusion, HG and LG chickens do not exhibit any differences in glucose disposal rate, insulinaemia (in various nutritional conditions) or sensitivity to exogenous insulin, which contrasts with Fat or Lean chickens and may explain why HG and LG chickens have diverged to a lesser extent in fat content.
- Published
- 2000
21. The effects of dietary protein independent of essential amino acids on growth and body composition in genetically lean and fat chickens
- Author
-
J. Michel, A. M. Chagneau, F. Alleman, Bernard Leclercq, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Nitrogen ,040301 veterinary sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Pectoralis Muscles ,Breast muscle ,0403 veterinary science ,Food conversion ,medicine ,Abdominal fat ,Animals ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Obesity ,Food science ,Poultry Diseases ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Protein intake ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Dietary protein ,Adipose Tissue ,chemistry ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Amino Acids, Essential ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Chickens ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Growth performance between 28 and 49 d of age and carcase composition at 49 d in genetically lean (LL) and fat (FL) broilers fed on diets varying in non-essential amino acid (NEAA) concentrations were compared in 2 experiments. In experiment 1, 3 crude protein (CP) contents (133, 155, and 178 g/kg) were compared. In experiment 2, 4 CP levels (131, 150, 170 and 189 g/kg) were compared. All diets were supplemented with synthetic amino acids to cover the EAA requirement of the LL birds. 2. Weight gains of FL chickens were not affected by dietary treatments, while those of LL increased when CP level increased. 3. Reducing CP content always increased body lipids, abdominal fat and food conversion ratio in both lines in both experiments; however, the effect on abdominal fat was more pronounced in the FL birds. 4. Reducing CP concentration always decreased breast muscle proportion in both lines in both experiments, even when growth rate was not affected by CP. 5. It is concluded that LL chickens require diets more concentrated in NEAA than fat chickens and that there seems to be an effect of NEAA on breast muscle development.
- Published
- 2000
22. Comparative responses of genetically lean and fat broiler chicken to dietary threonine concentration
- Author
-
F. Alleman, Bernard Leclercq, A M Chagneau, J. Michel, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Threonine ,Food intake ,Animal feed ,media_common.quotation_subject ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Biology ,Weight Gain ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,Thinness ,medicine ,Abdominal fat ,Animals ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Food science ,Obesity ,Muscle, Skeletal ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,Appetite ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Adipose Tissue ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Chickens ,Food Science - Abstract
Genetically lean (LL) or fat (FL) male broiler chicken's were fed on 5 diets containing either 3.80, 4.27, 4.75, 5.22 or 5.70 g true digestible threonine per kg. Threonine deficiency induced a more pronounced reduction in growth in the LL than in the FL but did not influence abdominal fat and breast muscle proportions in either line. Plotting weight gain or protein gain against threonine intake suggests that the requirement of both lines is very similar in terms of mg per g of gain. Thus food intake or appetite should account for differences between genotypes. Requirement for true digestible threonine was estimated as 10.70 mg per g of weight gain or 63.8 mg per g of protein gain, using a linear regression approach. The quadratic polynomial equations suggest that the requirements are 13.9 and 12.4 mg digestible threonine per g of gain for LL and FL respectively.
- Published
- 1999
23. Metabolic differences between genetically lean and fat chickens are partly attributed to the alteration of insulin signaling in liver
- Author
-
Michel Derouet, Bernard Leclercq, Jean Simon, Jin-Wen Chen, Joëlle Dupont, Mohammed Taouis, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nutritional Status ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Eating ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Kinase activity ,Phosphorylation ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Muscles ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Tyrosine phosphorylation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,GENETIQUE ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Receptor, Insulin ,Insulin receptor ,Genes, src ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Liver ,Starvation ,Lipogenesis ,biology.protein ,Tyrosine ,Signal transduction ,Chickens ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Insulin signaling [tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Src homology and collagen protein (Shc) and phosphatidyl inositol 3'-kinase activity (PI 3'-kinase)] was studied in the liver and thigh muscles of fat (FL) and lean (LL) chickens. These lines result from a divergent selection on abdominal fat pad size. The divergence is of metabolic origin. Extreme nutritional states were studied (fed, 48-h starved and 30-min refed). Such conditions significantly altered insulin signaling in chicken liver, but surprisingly not in the muscle (except the phosphorylation of Shc in the refed state). No major differences that could account for this divergence were found in muscle. Liver IR number and Shc protein did not differ between genotypes. Liver IRS-1 (protein and messenger) was lower in the fed state and higher in the starved state in FL compared to that in LL chickens. In the fed state, tyrosine phosphorylation of liver IR, IRS-1 and Shc action was higher in FL than in LL chickens that in the absence of insulin resistance rely on higher plasma insulin levels. In the starved state, phosphorylation of liver IR was lower, but the phosphorylation of IR and IRS-1 were higher in LL than in FL chickens, most likely in response to higher plasma glucose and insulin in the lean genotype. In the refed state, the phosphorylation of liver IR and IRS-1 did not differ between genotypes despite significantly lower plasma insulin in FL chickens. Finally, PI 3'-kinase was not affected by the genotype. A significant activation of early steps of insulin signaling in liver of fed FL chickens may at least partly account for their increased liver lipogenesis and ultimately their fattening.
- Published
- 1999
24. Etude de caractères importants pour l'alimentation des oiseaux d'élevage chez le blé tendre : variabilité génétique et stabilité de ces caractères par rapport aux variations du milieu
- Author
-
Bernard Carré, Bernard Leclercq, P. Pluchard, P. Bérard, Yves Nys, Francois-Xavier Oury, Revues Inra, Import, Unité d'Amélioration des plantes (CL CLERMONT GENETQ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Unité de recherche Génétique et amélioration des plantes (GAP)
- Subjects
ALIMENTATION DES ANIMAUX ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,0106 biological sciences ,ble tendre ,variabilité génétique ,poulet ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genetic variation ,Botany ,Genotype ,Poaceae ,Genetic variability ,Cultivar ,Gene–environment interaction ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,dureté ,2. Zero hunger ,[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,viscosité ,activité enzymatique ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Agricultural sciences ,volaille ,régime alimentaire ,[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,Agronomy ,protéine ,phytase ,recherche avicole ,Phytase ,génotype ,paroi cellulaire ,Antagonism ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Sciences agricoles ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Thirty-four varieties of wheat were studied in a multisite experiment, under various environmental conditions. For all the characters affecting poultry feeding, except phosphorus, genotypic effects were highly significant. However, only potential applied viscosity appeared as a stable character essentially dependent on the genotype. Protein content, water-insoluble cell wall content and two characters corresponding to enzymatic activities (real applied viscosity and phytase activity) were influenced by environmental effects and genotype x environment interactions rather strongly. Nevertheless, for these four characters, some varieties were stably favourable, or stably unfavourable. Except a weak negative relation between protein content and yield, no antagonism between productivity and poultry feeding related characters appeared. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.), Une expérimentation multilocale a permis d’étudier 34 variétés de blé tendre d’hiver représentant une large gamme de variabilité génétique, dans des conditions environnementales contrastées. À l’exception de la quantité de phosphore total, les caractères importants pour l’alimentation des oiseaux d’élevage présentent tous un effet «génotype» hautement significatif. Cependant, seule la viscosité utile potentielle apparaît comme un caractère très stable et essentiellement sous la dépendance du génotype. La teneur en parois, la teneur en protéines et les deux variables qui traduisent des activités enzymatiques (viscosité utile réelle et activité phytasique) sont, elles, assez fortement soumises aux effets « milieu » et aux interactions « génotype x milieu ». Pour ces quatre caractères, on arrive néanmoins à identifier des variétés assez régulièrement favorables, ou assez régulièrement défavorables. Par ailleurs, exceptée une liaison faiblement négative entre le rendement et la teneur en protéines, il n’apparaît pas d’antagonisme entre la productivité et les caractéristiques importantes en alimentation des oiseaux d’élevage. (© Inra/Elsevier, Paris.)
- Published
- 1998
25. Genetic parameters of body weight of broiler chickens measured at 22°C or 32°C
- Author
-
Pierre-André Geraert, S. Guillaumin, Bernard Leclercq, Catherine Beaumont, Mignon-Grasteau S, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Energy metabolism ,Biology ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Body weight ,Genetic correlation ,Feed conversion ratio ,0403 veterinary science ,Food conversion ,Animal science ,medicine ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Heritability ,040201 dairy & animal science ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Male broilers (n = 1521) from 247 families were reared from 4 to 6 weeks of age at 22 degrees or 32 degrees C. 2. Genetic correlations between measurements recorded at 22 degrees C and 32 degrees C were 0.73 +/- 0.12 for weight gain between 4 and 6 weeks and 0.74 +/- 0.08 for food conversion ratio (FCR). Genes controlling weight gain at both temperatures differed to some extent. 3. Heritability of weight gain from 4 to 6 weeks was much lower at 32 degrees C than at 22 degrees C (0.13 +/- 0.03 vs 0.24 +/- 0.04): selection for increased body weight will thus be much less efficient at 32 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. 4. Conversely, heritabilities of the FCR were very similar at the 2 temperatures (0.28 +/- 0.04 at 22 degrees C and 0.27 +/- 0.04 at 32 degrees C). Selecting for FCR would thus be efficient at 32 degrees C too. 5. These results justify, at least under our experimental conditions, selecting broiler lines for improved growth performance at 22 degrees C. However, it could be more efficient if broilers are to be reared in hot climates to select for improved FCR rather than for increased body weight.
- Published
- 1998
26. Effect of dietary protein and environmental temperature on growth performance and water consumption of male broiler chickens
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, F. Alleman, ProdInra, Migration, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Male ,Meat ,Arginine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.medical_treatment ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Lysine ,Cystine ,Drinking Behavior ,Biology ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Weight Gain ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Low-protein diet ,Valine ,medicine ,Animals ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,Analysis of Variance ,Methionine ,Temperature ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Broiler ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,Housing, Animal ,040201 dairy & animal science ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dietary Proteins ,medicine.symptom ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Chickens ,Weight gain ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Male broilers were reared in individual cages from 23 to 44 d of age. The effect of 2 temperatures (22 degrees and 32 degrees C) and 2 crude protein (CP) levels (160 and 200 g/kg) were studied. The low protein diet was supplemented with lysine, methionine, arginine, threonine and valine in order to meet requirements. 2. At 22 degrees C, a reduced CP content did not affect growth rate and breast muscle but slightly increased adiposity and food to gain ratio (FCR). Water consumption was reduced. 3. High temperature reduced growth rate and absolute and proportional breast muscle weight, and increased adiposity and FCR. These effects were more pronounced with the low CP diet. Water consumption was also reduced. 4. It was concluded that reducing CP content did not seem a good way to help broilers to withstand hot conditions. This experiment suggests that amino acids other than lysine, methionine and cystine are probably involved in the detrimental effect of high temperature.
- Published
- 1997
27. Effects of selection over three and four generations on meat yield and fatness in Muscovy ducks
- Author
-
H. De Carville, G. Marche, Bernard Leclercq, M.R. Salichon, Elisabeth Baéza, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Very low-density lipoprotein ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Meat ,040301 veterinary sciences ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Phospholipid ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,Biology ,Breeding ,Lipoproteins, VLDL ,Body weight ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Abdomen ,Abdominal fat ,medicine ,Animals ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Fibre composition ,Crosses, Genetic ,Phospholipids ,Triglycerides ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,2. Zero hunger ,Analysis of Variance ,Triglyceride ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Endocrinology ,Ducks ,chemistry ,Adipose Tissue ,Lipid content ,Yield (chemistry) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Two experiments were undertaken to analyse the effects of selection for lowering carcase fatness and improving meat yield of Muscovy ducks. The control generation N and the selected generations N + 3 and N + 4 of the same heavy line (Grimaud) were reared under similar conditions. 2. We compared growth, carcase characteristics, chemical composition of breasts and plasma concentrations of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglycerides and phospholipids. 3. Selection induced an increase of body weight (+8% to 10% at slaughter age), a decrease of abdominal fat percentage (-10%) and an improvement of breast and thigh plus shank yields (+3% to 7% and +4% respectively). 4. The lipid content of breast meat decreased in the selected ducks (-14% to -20%), particularly phospholipids and triglycerides. Breasts appeared paler and less red which suggested modifications of muscular fibre composition. 5. We found no significant correlations between plasma VLDL, triglyceride and phospholipid concentrations and carcase fatness. It therefore seems difficult to use these variables as selection criteria for lowering carcase fatness of Muscovy ducklings.
- Published
- 1997
28. Effects of the naked neck (Na) gene on the sulfur-containing amino acid requirements of broilers
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, T. Cochard, G. M. Pesti, A. M. Chagneau, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Pathologie Infectieuse et Immunologie [Nouzilly] (PII), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Body weight ,Weight Gain ,Feed conversion ratio ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Abdominal fat ,medicine ,Animals ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Naked Neck ,Chemistry ,Adipose tissue metabolism ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Nutritional Requirements ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Feathers ,GENETIQUE ,Sulfur containing ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,stomatognathic diseases ,Amino Acids, Sulfur ,Biochemistry ,Adipose Tissue ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Chickens ,Neck - Abstract
Full-sibling normal (na/na) and naked neck (Na/na) chickens were fed from 28 to 42 d of age on one of five diets with different SAA contents (from 5.4 to 7.0 g/kg). The experimental diets were made by adding DL-methionine to a well-balanced corn, soybean, and cornstarch diet containing 5.4 g SAA/kg and 161 g crude protein/kg. Dietary SAA influenced the growth rate of both genotypes similarly. There were no significant differences (P > 0.125) in body weight gain due to genetics or a diet by genetics interaction. Body weight gains were maximized at 6.24 +/- 0.45 (R2 = 0.171) and 5.96 +/- 0.52 g/kg SAA (R2 = 0.107) for the na/na and Na/na stocks, respectively. There was a significant SAA by genotype interaction for feed efficiency: the na/na birds were more efficient at low SAA levels, but the Na/na birds were more efficient at high SAA levels. Feather weight gain increased in a linear manner with increasing dietary SAA and was greater in na/na than Na/na birds with high dietary SAA concentrations. Abdominal fat decreased with increasing dietary SAA; and although the Na/na birds had significantly more abdominal fat than their na/na siblings (P = 0.049), on average the difference was small and complicated by differences in body weight. Analysis of covariance showed (a significant interaction) that the relationship between abdominal fat and body weight was different for the na/na and Na/na chickens. Although the shape of the response curves of na/na and Na/na chickens to dietary SAA are different, the quantitative requirements are very similar during the growing period.
- Published
- 1996
29. Influence of adiposity (genetic or hormonal) on the metabolism of amino acids and nutritional responses
- Author
-
B. Sève, Bernard Leclercq, Unité de recherche SAD Armorique (AMORIQUE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Station de recherches porcines, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Revues Inra, Import, and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Dietary Amino Acid ,Internal medicine ,Adipocyte ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,Genotype ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Obesity ,Amino Acids ,[SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Metabolism ,GENETIQUE ,medicine.disease ,Amino acid ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,chemistry ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Lipogenesis ,Body Composition ,Hormone - Abstract
The data published on the modifications of amino-acid metabolism associated with variations of obesity from genetic or hormonal origin have been reviewed. In the first part monogenic models of mice and rats are described. Obesity in humans is analysed in the second part. Lastly, non-ruminant genotypes or hormone-treated ones (chickens and pigs) are reviewed in the third part. Although different mechanisms are probably at the origin of these differences, many similarities can be drawn. Obesity is always associated with: 1) less efficient utilization of dietary amino acid; 2) a high concentration of branched-chain amino acids in plasma; 3) a deviation of carbon from amino acid towards gluconeogenis and lipogenesis; and 4) a less pronounced sensitivity to amino-acid imbalance in the diet.
- Published
- 1994
30. Lipogenesis in turkeys and chickens: a study of body composition and liver lipogenic enzyme activities
- Author
-
M. Kouba, D. Catheline, Bernard Leclercq, Laboratoire de biochimie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Turkeys ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Malic enzyme ,Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ,Biology ,Protein content ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Malate Dehydrogenase ,Internal medicine ,Lipogenic enzymes ,medicine ,Abdominal fat ,Animals ,Malic enzyme activity ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Organ Size ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Lipids ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Pyruvate carboxylase ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Liver ,Lipogenesis ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Chickens ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Carcase composition, fat deposition and the activities of three liver lipogenic enzymes were compared in turkeys and chickens fed ad libitum on two different isocaloric diets, respectively adapted to chickens (C) and to turkeys (T). Diets differed in their protein content, being higher by 60 g/kg in diet T. 2. Chickens were much fatter than turkeys and exhibited higher activities of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.2) and malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40). 3. The carcase composition of turkeys was not influenced by the type of diet administered, while chickens fed on diet C were fatter than chickens fed on diet T. Compared to diet T, diet C enhanced malic enzyme activity, whatever the species and age. 4. A good correlation between abdominal fat and total fatness was observed in both species but especially in turkeys. 5. In conclusion, hepatic lipogenesis is much lower in turkeys than in chickens.
- Published
- 1992
31. Normal number and kinase activity of insulin receptors in liver of genetically fat chickens
- Author
-
Michel Derouet, Jean Simon, B. Chevalier, and Bernard Leclercq
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Biology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Obesity ,Kinase activity ,Phosphorylation ,Receptor ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Kinase ,Autophosphorylation ,Body Weight ,Organ Size ,Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ,Wheat germ agglutinin ,Receptor, Insulin ,Insulin receptor ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,Lipogenesis ,biology.protein ,Chickens - Abstract
Genetically fat (FL) chickens exhibit an increase in liver lipogenesis and, in the fasting state, insulin sensitivity compared with genetically lean (LL) chickens. Liver insulin receptor number and insulin receptor kinase (IRK) activity were studied at 5 wk. In the fasting (16 h) and fed state, insulin binding to liver membranes and insulin receptor affinity (50% inhibition of tracer binding, range: 5-7 ng/mL at 4 degrees C) were very similar in fat and lean chickens. Insulin degrading activity of membranes was negligible for both genotypes. Following solubilization with Triton X-100, liver receptors were purified either on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA receptors) or on lentil then wheat germ lectins (lentil receptors). Both types of purified receptors exhibited the same binding affinity, independent of the genotype or the nutritional state. Autophosphorylation and IRK activity toward artificial substrate poly(Glu, Tyr)4:1 were not different between genotypes. Basal IRK (i.e., in the absence of insulin) was decreased by the overnight fast. Fattening of genetically fat chickens cannot be accounted for by an increase in the number or the kinase activity of liver insulin receptors. Steps following the binding or the receptor kinase may be involved.
- Published
- 1991
32. Nitrogen metabolism in genetically fat and lean chickens
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, M. G. Macleod, M. Larbier, Pierre-André Geraert, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nitrogen ,Biology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Animals ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Growth rate ,Obesity ,Amino Acids ,Nitrogen cycle ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Poultry Diseases ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Catabolism ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Amino acid ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Basal metabolic rate ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Basal Metabolism ,Dietary Proteins ,Energy Metabolism ,Thermogenesis ,Chickens ,Body Temperature Regulation - Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein content (170 to 230 g/kg in Experiment 1 and 131 to 251 g/kg in Experiment 2) and initial growth rate, estimated from live body weight at 4 wk of age, on growth rate from 4 to 7 wk of age, nitrogen retention, energy metabolism, and amino acid catabolism in genetically fat (FL) and lean (LL) lines of chickens. There was no difference between lines in energy utilization either in metabolizability or in expenditure (basal metabolic rate, maintenance, or diet-induced thermogenesis). The only divergence between lines was in the partition of a similar amount of retained energy between lipid and protein deposition. In both experiments, LL chickens showed greater protein retention efficiency than FL birds; moreover, the LL line did not appear more sensitive to low dietary protein contents than the FL line. Selecting birds on their growth rate or live body weight at 4 wk of age resulted in the selection of different rates of fattening. Indeed, the slow-growing FL and LL chickens differed less in their nitrogen metabolism than did fast-growing birds, which were also fatter. The lower protein retention efficiency observed in FL chickens was related to an increase of dietary amino acid degradation as revealed by a greater rate of uric acid excretion in the fed state.
- Published
- 1990
33. European reference method for the in vivo determination of metabolisable energy with adult cockerels: reproducibility, effect of food intake and comparison with individual laboratory methods
- Author
-
Michel Lessire, G. Huyghebaert, Julian Wiseman, Bernard Carré, Anne Bourdillon, J. Duperray, J. McNab, L. Conan, and Bernard Leclercq
- Subjects
Male ,Nitrogen balance ,Food intake ,Laboratory methods ,Reproducibility ,Analysis of Variance ,Chemistry ,Animal feed ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Calorimetry ,Animal Feed ,Diet ,Eating ,Animals ,Regression Analysis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Food science ,Amen ,Energy Intake ,Energy Metabolism ,Kjeldahl method ,Chickens ,Food Science - Abstract
1. A common reference procedure adopted by several European laboratories to determine apparent metabolisable energy corrected to zero-nitrogen balance (AMEn) is described. 2. Reproducibility has been estimated by comparing results from 4 diets measured in 7 laboratories. The standard deviations between laboratories of dry matter, gross energy, Kjeldahl nitrogen and AMEn were respectively, on average, 11.29 g/kg, 0.242 MJ/kg, 1.56 g/kg and 0.380 MJ/kg dry matter; the corresponding coefficients of variation between laboratories were 1.27, 1.29, 4.39 and 2.92%. 3. Effect of food intake was tested by comparing AMEn from birds fed either 0.90 or 0.45 of ad libitum: the amount of food intake had a negligible effect on AMEn values. Endogenous energy losses corrected (EELn) or not (EEL) to zero nitrogen balance were estimated either by regression between excreted energy and ingested energy or in fasted and glucose-fed cockerels. EELn estimated by regression was, on average, 8.7 kJ/bird/d.; it was independent of diet composition. EEL and EELn determined in fasted or glucose-fed birds were higher than those determined by regression. 4. AMEn values measured by individual laboratory procedures were very close to those obtained by the reference method, except from laboratories using a tube feeding procedure, where deviations were probably a consequence of overestimated EEL.
- Published
- 1990
34. Metabolism of very low density lipoproteins in genetically lean or fat lines of chicken
- Author
-
Gérard Guy, Bernard Leclercq, Dominique Hermier, Revues Inra, Import, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Embryology ,Very low-density lipoprotein ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Lipoproteins, VLDL ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,polycyclic compounds ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Lipoprotein lipase ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Fasting ,Adipose Tissue ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Body Composition ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Biology ,digestive system ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,[SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology ,medicine ,Animals ,Lipase ,Triglycerides ,[SDV.BDLR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology ,030304 developmental biology ,Triglyceride ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Immunization, Passive ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fatty acid ,Metabolism ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Kinetics ,Lipoprotein Lipase ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Enzyme ,Endocrinology ,Reproductive Medicine ,chemistry ,Food ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens ,Developmental Biology ,Food Science ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Metabolism of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) has been compared in fat (FL) and lean (LL) lines of chicken. When refed after fasting, plasma triglyceride concentration reached a significantly higher plateau in FL, although their feed consumption was lower than in LL. Newly synthesized VLDL were studied using anti-lipoprotein lipase antibodies. VLDL triglyceride (TG) concentrations were increased by antibody injection and reached a higher concentration in FL plasma than in LL. Newly synthesized VLDL exhibited a similar lipid composition. Fatty acid profiles were also similar when birds ingested a very low fat diet. Comparison of in vitro affinity of lipoprotein lipase and VLDL from both genotypes did not reveal any difference in Km and Vmax. [14C]labelled VLDL from fat or lean donors were prepared and were injected into chickens from both genotypes. Fractional rate constants did not differ between lines. However, as plasma VLDL-TG pools were very different, plasma turnover was higher in FL than in LL. About 3-fold more VLDL-TG were incorporated in abdominal fat of FL than in LL. Difference in fattening between both genotypes seem to be due to both increased VLDL secretion and VLDL removal from plasma without difference in VLDL characteristics.
- Published
- 1990
35. Metabolisable energy value of fats in chicks and adult cockerels
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, L. Conan, Michel Lessire, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité des monogastriques, and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Animal fat ,Chemistry ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Beef Tallow ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tallow ,Value (economics) ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
The metabolisable energy (ME) values of beef tallow, animal fat and poultry fat were determined by various methods using two- or six-week-old chicks and adult cockerels. The ME value of tallow increased with the age of the bird, but no parallel changes in either digestibility or ME of unsaturated fats were observed. The difference between ME values obtained by digestibility studies and those obtained directly showed that added fat may increase the absorbability of other constituents of the diet, hence the ME obtained by difference may exceed gross energy in some cases.
- Published
- 1982
36. Variabilité de la valeur énergétique de la graine de soja traitée pour les volailles
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, L. Conan, Michel Lessire, Revues Inra, Import, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité des monogastriques
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,alimentation animale ,digestibilité ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,valeur énergétique ,glycine max ,traitement technologique ,valeur nutritive ,Detoxication ,qualité nutritionnelle ,03 medical and health sciences ,huile ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,aliment composé ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,soja ,lipide ,facteur antitrypsique ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,traitement mécanique ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Chemistry ,graine entière ,Forestry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Torrefaction ,040401 food science ,Agricultural sciences ,volaille ,extrusion ,plante légumière ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,tourteau ,corps gras végétal ,Sciences agricoles ,traitement thermique - Abstract
L’utilisation de la graine entière de soja chez les volailles ne peut pas être envisagée sans destruction des facteurs antitrypsiques. Pour ce faire, de nombreux traitements thermomécaniques sont utilisables ; ils ont également l’avantage d’améliorer la digestibilité des lipides de la graine. Tous les traitements technologiques comparés ici (extrusion, jet sploding, toastage, micro-ondisation et granulation) améliorent la valeur énergétique de la graine (+ 3 à + 19 %) ; un des plus efficaces est l’extrusion. L’utilisation métabolique des graines extrudées semble indépendante de l’âge de l’oiseau. A l’inverse, aux doses d’incorporation supérieures à celles pratiquées dans l’industrie (< 10 %), la valeur nutritionnelle des graines de soja extrudées décroît.
- Published
- 1988
37. Studies of the energy and protein requirements of the growing guinea‐fowl
- Author
-
J. Guillaume, J. C. Blum, and Bernard Leclercq
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Calorie ,Fat content ,Animal feed ,Energy metabolism ,Biology ,Body weight ,Poultry ,Protein content ,Animal science ,Protein Deficiency ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Poultry Diseases ,Bone Diseases, Developmental ,Guinea fowl ,Body Weight ,Nutritional Requirements ,General Medicine ,Animal Feed ,Housing, Animal ,Endocrinology ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dietary Proteins ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens ,Protein concentration ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Guinea-fowl of both sexes and female chickens were fed from 1 to 12 weeks on diets the energy concentration of which was constant at either 2-6, 2-9 or 3-2 Mcal/kg (10-8, 12-1 or 13-4 MJ/kg) while the calorie to protein ratios were changed, for some groups, from 124 to 157 or 200 at 4 and 8 weeks. 2. Guinea-fowl, but not chickens, were unable to overconsume when the protein concentration was low with the result that the body fat content was not reduced when the protein concentration was increased. 3. In the second trial the ME level of the diets was fixed at 12-6 MJ/kg while the protein content was varied, from 21 to 28% in the diets fed to 6 weeks of age and from 15 to 24% in those fed from 6 to 12 weeks. 4. It is concluded that for the growing guinea-fowl the diet should contain 12-6 MJ ME/kg, the protein concentration reducing from 24 to 26% in the period 0 to 4 weeks to 19 to 20% in the period 4 to 8 weeks and to 16% or less in the period 8 to 12 weeks.
- Published
- 1975
38. The effects of age, dietary fat and bile salts, and feeding rate on apparent and true metabolisable energy values in chickens
- Author
-
J. Guillaume, Bernard Leclercq, and R. Kussaibati
- Subjects
Male ,Animal fat ,Fatty Acids ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Animal Feed ,Dietary Fats ,Bile Acids and Salts ,Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Energy Metabolism ,Chickens ,Dietary fat ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Apparent (AME) and true (TME) metabolisable energy values of four diets, containing 50 or 150 g animal fat or maize oil/kg, were estimated in young and adult chickens. The diets were given with and without a supplement of 5 g bile salts/kg. Three feeding rates, ad libitum, and 1/6th or 1/3rd of ad libitum were compared. 2. In younger birds, endogenous energy losses were higher when measured in starved birds than when estimated by regression analysis. 3. In young birds, feeding rate had no effect on AME of diets containing 50 g lipids/kg but it significantly affected TME. These results were reversed in adults. AME and TME values of diets containing 150 g lipids/kg were affected by the feeding rate in both young and adult birds. 4. Bile salts increased metabolisable energy values of diets containing high concentrations of saturated fatty acids and their effect was more pronounced in young birds.
- Published
- 1982
39. Selecting broilers for low or high abdominal fat: Initial observations
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, J. P. Boyer, and J. C. Blum
- Subjects
Live weight ,Broiler ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Biology ,Heritability ,Body weight ,Third generation ,Food conversion ,Animal science ,Abdominal fat ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Three generations ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Two lines of broiler breeders were selected for three generations using a high (fatty line) or a low (lean line) ratio of abdominal fat to live weight as criterion in males at 9 weeks of age. 2. The heritability of this character remained high in both lines. 3. By the third generation, the progress achieved was much more marked in males than in females. The difference between the females of both lines was nevertheless significant. 4. The differences between the two lines were already discernible at 4 weeks of age. 5. Selecting for low or high abdominal fat content was accompanied by a better food conversion ratio in males of the lean line. 6. Selecting for the amount of abdominal fat produced similar effects on the other fatty deposits.
- Published
- 1980
40. Utilisation de la graine de colza en aviculture. Revue bibliographique et résultats de deux essais
- Author
-
J.M. Hallouis, Bernard Leclercq, G. Guy, M. Lessire, L. Conan, and Revues Inra, Import
- Subjects
2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,digestibilité ,valeur énergétique ,COLZA ,VALEUR NUTRITIONNELLE ,plante oléagineuse ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,traitement technologique ,Biology ,Agricultural sciences ,volaille ,03 medical and health sciences ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,[SDV.SA.SPA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,graine ,Sciences agricoles ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
La graine de colza peut être introduite dans les aliments destinés aux volailles à un taux d’incorporation maximum de 10 %. Il est toutefois indispensable de lui faire subir un traitement mécanique et/ou thermique qui en modifie l’intégrité physique de façon à la rendre parfaitement digestible. Parmi ces traitements technologiques figurent : le broyage, la granulation de l’aliment composé ou l’extrusion en mélange avec une autre matière première. Ils augmentent tous la digestibilité des lipides et la valeur énergétique de la graine. Au cours de deux expériences on a évalué la valeur nutritionnelle d’un mélange de colza et de blé chez la poule pondeuse et d’un mélange de colza et de pois chez le poulet de chair. Les résultats sont présentés et confirment la possibilité d’incorporer jusqu’à 10 % de graine de colza dans les aliments destinés aux volailles. En formulation le colza entre en compétition beaucoup plus avec les céréales ou les sources d’énergie (manioc, matières grasses) qu’avec les sources de protéines (tourteau de soja).
- Published
- 1989
41. Cell wall content as a predictor of metabolisable energy value of poultry feedingstuffs
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, B. Prevotel, and Bernard Carré
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Starch ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Nitrogen ,Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Content (measure theory) ,Lignin ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Amen ,Constant (mathematics) ,Linear equation ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Forty eight diets were tested to develop equations for predicting the apparent metabolisable energy values corrected to zero nitrogen retention (AMEn), of practical poultry feedingstuffs. 2. The effectiveness of different fibre indicators (crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, lignin, neutral detergent fibre and cell wall content) as predictors of AMEn values was assessed. The most efficient measure proved to be cell wall content obtained by an enzymatic procedure (pronase and α‐amylase). 3. The best combinations of variables were, in decreasing order: (1) gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and cell wall (CW); (2) ether extract (EE), ash and CW; (3) EE, CP, starch and sugars. 4. When GE, CP and CW variables were used, a significant constant appeared in the linear equation. Another equation without a constant was calculated, using an exponent (1·5) for the CW variable. The residual standard deviation (0·20 MJ/kg) of this equation was about the same as that of the equation with the constant.
- Published
- 1984
42. L'alimentation azotée du caneton de Barbarie : Possibilités de réduction du taux protidique de l'aliment au cours de la période de finition
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, H. de Carville, and Revues Inra, Import
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,[SDV.SA.ZOO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Published
- 1978
43. The influence of three days or three weeks of force feeding on the transport of plasma lipids in young female chickens (Gallus gallus l.)
- Author
-
Jean-Claude Blum, Wayne L. Bacon, and Bernard Leclercq
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Physiology ,Phospholipid ,Post injection ,Biochemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Feeding force ,Internal medicine ,Plasma lipids ,medicine ,Animals ,Young female ,Molecular Biology ,Triglyceride ,Cholesterol ,Broiler ,General Medicine ,Lipid Metabolism ,Lipids ,Diet ,Fatty Liver ,Endocrinology ,Liver ,chemistry ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Chickens - Abstract
1. 1. Ten-week old broiler females were force-fed (FF) for 3 days or 3 weeks. 2. 2. Control livers were lighter in weight and contained less total lipid, neutral lipid and phospholipid than either FF group, which did not differ. 3. 3. Radioactivity incorporated into liver neutral lipid fractions from 1-[14C]acetate injection was greater in birds FF 3 weeks than controls. Those FF 3 days were intermediate. In all groups, the triglyceride fraction contained 90–94% of isolated radioactivity, the cholesterol fraction 4–8% and the cholesterol ester fraction 1–2%. 4. 4. Plasma lipids were elevated in the birds FF for 3 weeks, but not in those FF 3 days. After injection of 1-[14C]acetate, plasma lipid specific radioactivities were not different between the 3 groups at 20 and 60 min post injection, but were greater in the controls at 120 min.
- Published
- 1978
44. Plasma Lipoprotein Profile in Fasted and Refed Chickens of Two Strains Selected for High or Low Adiposity
- Author
-
M. J. Chapman, Bernard Leclercq, Dominique Hermier, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration
- Subjects
Male ,Very low-density lipoprotein ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lipoproteins ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Lipoproteins, VLDL ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sex Factors ,High-density lipoprotein ,Species Specificity ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,Intermediate-density lipoprotein ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Triglyceride ,0402 animal and dairy science ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Fasting ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Microscopy, Electron ,Endocrinology ,Adipose Tissue ,Lipoproteins, IDL ,chemistry ,Food ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Cholesteryl ester ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Density gradient ultracentrifugation ,Lipoproteins, HDL ,Chickens ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
The plasma lipoprotein profile has been determined in fasted and refed 5-week-old male broilers selected for low or high adiposity. Lipoprotein classes were subfractionated by density gradient ultracentrifugation, appearing as distinct bands with the following densities: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), d less than 1.013 g/ml; low density lipoprotein (LDL), d 1.023-1.046 g/ml and high density lipoprotein (HDL), d 1.052-1.130 g/ml; the physiochemical characteristics (chemical composition, electrophoretic mobility and particle size) of these particles were then assessed. HDL, seen as a single band, represented 80% of total lipoproteins, with VLDL and LDL accounting for 1% and 16%, respectively, in fasted birds. Lipoprotein profiles were similar in fasted and refed animals of both lines, with the exception that VLDL levels were some 14-fold and 7-fold higher in the lean and fat lines, respectively, in the refed state. The VLDL of fasted birds of both lines were enriched in protein and relatively homogeneous in size; by contrast, VLDL in the refed state contained more triglyceride and less cholesteryl ester and protein and were larger and more heterogeneous, possibly representing a mixture of portomicrons and VLDL of hepatic origin. Birds of the fat line in both nutritional states differed from lean birds in exhibiting elevated plasma lipid and lipoprotein [VLDL, intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL) and HDL] levels, evidence that liver activity is directed toward increased lipoprotein production and secretion in that line.
- Published
- 1984
45. ÉTUDE DE LA SURALIMENTATION FORCÉE : EFFETS SUR LE MÉTABOLISME HÉPATIQUE ET LES FORMES DE TRANSPORT HÉPATIQUES CHEZ LE CANARD
- Author
-
Marie Rose Salichon, Bernard Leclercq, J. C. Blum, and Revues Inra, Import
- Subjects
[SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology ,[SDV.BBM.BP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics ,General Medicine ,Biology ,[SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM] ,Molecular biology - Published
- 1975
46. Laying Performances, Egg Composition, and Glucose Tolerance of Genetically-Lean or Fat Meat-Type Breeders
- Author
-
Jean Simon, Bernard Leclercq, and J. Kouassi-Kouakou
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,Meat ,food.ingredient ,Animal feed ,Eggs ,Oviposition ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,Plasma glucose level ,Sex Factors ,Animal science ,food ,Yolk ,medicine ,Animals ,Insulin ,Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Glucose tolerance test ,Plasma glucose ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Medicine ,Glucose Tolerance Test ,Animal Feed ,Kinetics ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Vitellogenesis ,Chickens - Abstract
Genetically fat and lean breeders were compared for laying performance and glucose tolerance. Laying females were fed ad libitum or restricted (85% ad libitum). Ad libitum-fed fat breeder hens (FL) were lighter and produced lighter eggs than lean hens (LL). However, the yolk percentage of the egg and yolk output were higher in FL. Differences in the glucose-insulin balance were consistently observed between lines in females at 203 and 326 days and in males at 203 days of age. The FL birds displayed lower plasma glucose and higher plasma insulin concentrations for a given plasma glucose level. Feed restriction reduced egg output, yolk output, yolk lipids, and plasma insulin levels during glucose tolerance in females at 326 days of age. Therefore, the glucose-insulin imbalance previously described in young FL birds persists in adults. The enhanced propensity of the FL to synthesize and deposit lipids also affects vitellogenesis. Insulin is also implicated in vitellogenesis.
- Published
- 1985
47. Intérêt du rationnement du caneton mâle de Barbarie entre les âges de 8 et 12 semaines
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, H. de Carville, and Revues Inra, Import
- Subjects
Animal Science and Zoology ,Biology ,[SDV.SA.ZOO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Published
- 1978
48. The influence of force-feeding on the transport of plasma lipids in the chicken (Gallus gallus L.)
- Author
-
Bernard Leclercq, I. Hassan, and Jean-Claude Blum
- Subjects
Very low-density lipoprotein ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physiology ,Significant difference ,Adipose tissue ,General Medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Biochemistry ,Feeding force ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Plasma lipids ,medicine ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Steatosis ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
1. 1. Force-feeding the chicken over a period of 7 days leads to steatosis of the liver with accumulation of triglycerides, phospholipids and proteins. 2. 2. There is no significant difference between forced-fed and control animals in the incorporation of 14 C-acetate and 3 H-lysine into liver triglycerides, phospholipids and proteins. 3. 3. Lipemia is enhanced due to the effects of force-feeding. The very low density lipoprotein fraction, which has a rapid turnover rises markedly and this explains the elevation of the lipemia. The transport and deposition of lipids in the adipose tissue limit further development of hepatic steatosis. 4. 4. The results are discussed in comparison with other steatoses normally studied in the rat.
- Published
- 1974
49. Effects of selection for high and low plasma glucose concentration in chickens
- Author
-
F. H. Ricard, Jean Simon, Bernard Leclercq, Unité de Recherches Avicoles (URA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- Subjects
Blood Glucose ,Male ,0303 health sciences ,Plasma glucose ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Plasma glucose concentration ,040201 dairy & animal science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animals ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Selection, Genetic ,Line (text file) ,Chickens ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,030304 developmental biology ,Food Science - Abstract
1. Two lines of broilers exhibiting low (LG) or high (HG) plasma glucose concentrations were selected from a pure line of White Rock chickens. 2. Realised heritabilities were close to 0.25 in both lines. 3. The LG line was significantly fatter than the HG line; this difference was more pronounced in females than in males. 4. Food was utilised less efficiently by the LG line than by the HG one.
- Published
- 1987
50. NOTE PRÉLIMINAIRE SUR L'ÉVOLUTION DES CONSTITUANTS BIOCHIMIQUES DU FOIE AU COURS DU GAVAGE DE L'OIE
- Author
-
Éliane Penot, P. Delpech, G. Durand, Bernard Leclercq, J. C. Blum, M. Guezel, and Marie-Rose Salichon
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Linoleic acid ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Molecular biology - Published
- 1968
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