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Trabajo de investigación Contain the process to develop a smart decision support system for microinjection mold design, from the definition of parameters and standard micro parts, simulation process using CAE, selection, and application of AI to data obtained finally with analysis and validation of the results provided by the smart system. 1. INTRODUCTION 2. PROBLEM STATEMENT 3. OBJECTIVES 4. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 5. THEORICAL FRAMEWORKS 6. STATE OF THE ART 7. METHODOLOGY 8. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT 9. SYSTEM VALIDATION THROUGHT FEM AND FVM RESULTS 10. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK REFERENCES ANNEXES Maestría Magister en Ingeniería y Gestión de la Innovación

Although quantitative isotope data from speleothems has been used to evaluate isotope-enabled model simulations, currently no consensus exists regarding the most appropriate methodology through which to achieve this. A number of modelling groups will be running isotope-enabled palaeoclimate simulations in the framework of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, so it is timely to evaluate different approaches to using the speleothem data for data-model comparisons. Here, we illustrate this using 456 globally distributed speleothem delta O-18 records from an updated version of the Speleothem Isotopes Synthesis and Analysis (SISAL) database and palaeoclimate simulations generated using the ECHAM5-wiso isotope-enabled atmospheric circulation model. We show that the SISAL records reproduce the first-order spatial patterns of isotopic variability in the modern day, strongly supporting the application of this dataset for evaluating model-derived isotope variability into the past. However, the discontinuous nature of many speleothem records complicates the process of procuring large numbers of records if data-model comparisons are made using the traditional approach of comparing anomalies between a control period and a given palaeoclimate experiment. To circumvent this issue, we illustrate techniques through which the absolute isotope values during any time period could be used for model evaluation. Specifically, we show that speleothem isotope records allow an assessment of a model's ability to simulate spatial isotopic trends. Our analyses provide a protocol for using speleothem isotope data for model evaluation, including screening the observations to take into account the impact of speleothem mineralogy on delta O-18 values, the optimum period for the modern observational baseline and the selection of an appropriate time window for creating means of the isotope data for palaeo-time-slices. European Geosciences Union - W2017/413; Irish Centre for Research in Applied Geosciences (iCRAG); European Association of Geochemistry (Early Career Ambassadors program 2017); Quaternary Research Association UK; Navarino Environmental Observatory, Stockholm University; University College Dublin, Savillex (UK) - SF1428; Ibn Zohr University, Morocco; University of Reading; European Research Council - 694481; Natural Environment Research Council (JPI-Belmont project "PAleao-Constraints on Monsoon Evolution and Dynamics (PACMEDY)"); Geological Survey Ireland - 2017-SC-056; Royal Irish Academy; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft - RE3994/2-1; Past Global Changes (PAGES) programme; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

La pasantía se realizó en la compañía Kathosa Ltda, es una firma boyacense dedicada al servicio de supervisión o interventoría administrativa, técnica y financiera, en proyectos de ingeniería o arquitectura, que garantiza el cumplimiento en la ejecución de obras en el sector público y privado a nivel nacional. Específicamente, las actividades de apoyo técnico y administrativo se llevaron a cabo en tres áreas: primero, en la supervisión y acompañamiento en interventoría técnica, administrativa y financiera del contrato para la construcción de placa huella y obras de arte en la vía terciaria que comunica la vereda Varela con el municipio de Chiquinquirá (Boyacá), ya que ésta fue la última sección de la obra ejecutada. La segunda área fue de apoyo administrativo en la liquidación del contrato para la supervisión de la construcción de las obras de refuerzo estructural y la adaptación de los escenarios de la Villa Olímpica de la ciudad de Bucaramanga (Santander). La tercera área fue la participación en el dibujo de planos arquitectónicos y estructurales para una vivienda en el municipio de Soracá (Boyacá). El desempeño en la pasantía fue integral, ya que permitió practicar la multidisciplinariedad, facilitando el desenvolvimiento en diferentes roles, funciones y actividades de interventoría en la construcción de obras civiles públicas y privadas, permitiendo aplicar, ampliamente, los conocimientos adquiridos en la carrera de ingeniería civil en la Universidad Santo Tomás de Tunja. Así se logró cumplir con el propósito principal de la pasantía que es complementar la formación como ingeniero con la experiencia que permita al pasante autoevaluarse, conocer sus fortalezas, descubrir su inclinación en cualquier especialidad de ingeniería civil y también sus deficiencias, ampliando sus expectativas, no solo en su desempeño como ingeniero civil, sino también como miembro social de una comunidad en la que tiene el privilegio y la responsabilidad de brindar soluciones a medida que construye su propio proyecto de vida. The internship was made in Kathosa Ltda company. It is a Boyacense firm dedicated to the administrative, technical and financial supervision or interventory service, in engineering or architecture projects, guaranteeing compliance in the execution of works in public and private sector at national level. Specifically, the technical and administrative support activities were developed in three areas: first, in the supervision and accompaniment in interventory technical, administrative and financial for the contract for the construction of plate-fingerprint and artworks for the tertiary route between Varela village and the municipality of Chiquinquirá (Boyacá), this one was the last section of the work executed. The second area was in administrative support in the liquidation of the contract for the interventory in the construction of the structural reinforcement works and adaptation of scenarios in Olympic Village from Bucaramanga city (Santander). The third area was the participation in drawings from design of the architectural and structural plans of house in the municipality of Soracá (Boyacá). The internship was integral, due to, it allows to practice multidisciplinarity, facilitating the development in different roles, functions and activities of interventory in the construction of public and private civil works, it allowed to apply the knowledge acquired in the civil engineering carrer in the Santo Tomas university from Tunja. The purpose of internship is complement the training with the experience that will allow us to self-evaluate, know strengths, discover inclination in any specialty of civil engineering and also their shortcomings, likewise the internship expands their expectations , not only with his performance as a civil engineer, but also as a social member of a community in which a person has the privilege of providing solutions as he builds his life project. Ingeniero Civil Pregrado

Stable isotope records from speleothems provide information on past climate changes, most particularly information that can be used to reconstruct past changes in precipitation and atmospheric circulation. These records are increasingly being used to provide “out-of-sample” evaluations of isotope-enabled climate models. SISAL (Speleothem Isotope Synthesis and Analysis) is an international working group of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) project. The working group aims to provide a comprehensive compilation of speleothem isotope records for climate reconstruction and model evaluation. The SISAL database contains data for individual speleothems, grouped by cave system. Stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) measurements are referenced by distance from the top or bottom of the speleothem. Additional tables provide information on dating, including information on the dates used to construct the original age model and sufficient information to assess the quality of each data set and to erect a standardized chronology across different speleothems. The metadata table provides location information, information on the full range of measurements carried out on each speleothem and information on the cave system that is relevant to the interpretation of the records, as well as citations for both publications and archived data. The compiled data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17864/1947.147 .

ilustraciones texto computadora recurso en línea Incluye referencias bibliográficas El presente trabajo explora las formas en las que Acción Cultural Popular (ACPO) utilizó el lenguaje musical dentro de la estructura de su programa de Educación Fundamental Integral, centrado en su etapa de mayor crecimiento entre 1955 y 1970. El programa educativo de ACPO utilizó diferentes medios de acción para expandir sus campañas de cambio social entre las sociedades rurales de Colombia. Para ello, uno de los lenguajes fundamentales fue la música, entendida como un vehículo orgánico de contenidos educativos, de recreación y entretenimiento y de propaganda. El estudio se sostiene sobre la lectura de la correspondencia entre ACPO y sus usuarios, así como sobre artículos del semanario El Campesino, libretos de programas de la emisora Radio Sutatenza, fotografías de las Escuelas Radiofónicas y publicidad del programa educativo The present research explores the ways in which Acción Cultural Popular (ACPO) used the musical language within the structure ofits Integral Fundamental Education (EFI) program, centered in its stage of greater growth between 1955 and 1970. The ACPO educational program used different ways of action to expand their social change campaigns among rural societies in Colombia. For this, one of the fundamental languages was music, understood as an organic vehicle of educational content, recreation and entertainment, and propaganda. The study is based on the reading of the correspondence between ACPO and its users, as well as articles from the weekly El Campesino, radio programs of the station Radio Sutatenza, photographs of the Escuelas Radiofónicas (Radio Schools) and advertising of the educational program Magíster en Historia Maestría